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This is not a separate population group, only a term/demonym, so remove Infobox, which is for distinct population groups. Move "Identification" section intro and unique text, Survey details and bibliography to the Arab citizens of Israel article under Self-identification
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However, these findings conflict with a 2017 [[Tel Aviv University]] poll which showed most Israelis self-identify as either Arab-Israeli or simply Israeli.<ref name=2017poll>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_51217-544-2-30.pdf?171228130254|title=Citizenship, Identity and Political Participation: Measuring the Attitudes of the Arab Citizens in Israel, December 2017: pages 22, 25 and 28; quote (p.28): "The positions of the participants in the focus groups reflect the strength of Palestinian-Arab identity among Arab citizens and the fact that they do not see a contradiction between Palestinian-Arab national identity and Israeli civic identity. The designation "Israeli-Arab" aroused great opposition in the focus groups, as did Israel's Independence Day. A comparison of views expressed in the focus groups with the general results of the survey points to differences between collective positions and memory and individual feelings and attitudes. The collective position presented in the focus group discussions finds expression in the public sphere and emphasizes the Palestinian national identity. Conversely, the responses of the survey participants reveal individual attitudes that assign a broader (albeit secondary, identity) dimension to the component of Israeli civic identity"}}</ref>
However, these findings conflict with a 2017 [[Tel Aviv University]] poll which showed most Israelis self-identify as either Arab-Israeli or simply Israeli.<ref name=2017poll>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_51217-544-2-30.pdf?171228130254|title=Citizenship, Identity and Political Participation: Measuring the Attitudes of the Arab Citizens in Israel, December 2017: pages 22, 25 and 28; quote (p.28): "The positions of the participants in the focus groups reflect the strength of Palestinian-Arab identity among Arab citizens and the fact that they do not see a contradiction between Palestinian-Arab national identity and Israeli civic identity. The designation "Israeli-Arab" aroused great opposition in the focus groups, as did Israel's Independence Day. A comparison of views expressed in the focus groups with the general results of the survey points to differences between collective positions and memory and individual feelings and attitudes. The collective position presented in the focus group discussions finds expression in the public sphere and emphasizes the Palestinian national identity. Conversely, the responses of the survey participants reveal individual attitudes that assign a broader (albeit secondary, identity) dimension to the component of Israeli civic identity"}}</ref>


Similar terms that Israeli Arabs, media and other organizations may use are ''Palestinian Arabs in Israel'' and ''Israeli Palestinian Arabs''. Amnesty reports that “Arab citizens of Israel” is an inclusive term used by Israel that describes a number of different and primarily Arabic-speaking groups, including Muslim Arabs, Christian Arabs, Druze and Circassians. At the end of 2019, considering the number of those defined as Muslim Arabs and Christian Arabs together, the population of Palestinian citizens of Israel amounted to around 1.8 million.<ref>{{cite report|title=Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/MDE1551412022ENGLISH.pdf|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|date=January 2022|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201215719/https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/MDE1551412022ENGLISH.pdf|url-status=live|quote=The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that “Arab citizens of Israel” is an inclusive term that describes a number of different and primarily Arabic-speaking groups, including Muslim Arabs (this classification includes Bedouins), Christian Arabs, Druze and Circassians. According to the ICBS, at the end of 2019, the Druze population stood at approximately 145,000, while according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Circassian population totalled 4,000 people. Considering the number of those defined as Muslim Arabs and Christian Arabs together, the population of Palestinian citizens of Israel amounted to around 1.8 million, that is some 20% of the total population in Israel and occupied East Jerusalem.}}</ref>
Similar terms that Israeli Arabs, media and other organizations may use are ''Palestinian Arabs in Israel'' and ''Israeli Palestinian Arabs''.


There are at least two terms which specifically exclude the [[East Jerusalem]] Arab population and the [[Druze]] and other Arabs in the [[Golan Heights]]: ''the Arabs inside the Green Line'', and ''the Arabs within'' ({{lang-ar|عرب الداخل|‘Arab al-Dākhil|links=no}}).<ref name=ICG>{{cite journal|title=Identity Crisis: Israel and its Arab Citizens |journal=Middle East Report |issue= 25 |date=4 March 2004 |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/israel-palestine/025-identity-crisis-israel-and-its-arab-citizens.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313112806/http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/israel-palestine/025-identity-crisis-israel-and-its-arab-citizens.aspx |archive-date=13 March 2011 |access-date=14 April 2011 }}. "The issue of terminology relating to this subject is sensitive and at least partially a reflection of political preferences. Most Israeli official documents refer to the Israeli Arab community as "minorities". The Israeli National Security Council (NSC) has used the term "Arab citizens of Israel". Virtually all political parties, movements and non-governmental organisations from within the Arab community use the word "Palestinian" somewhere in their description – at times failing to make any reference to Israel. For consistency of reference and without prejudice to the position of either side, ICG will use both Arab Israeli and terms the community commonly uses to describe itself, such as Palestinian citizens of Israel or Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel."</ref><ref name=Amara>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LG5seycNTAcC&q=%22palestinians+of+1948%22&pg=PA1 |title=Politics and sociolinguistic reflexes: Palestinian border villages |author=Muhammad Amara |page=1 |edition=Illustrated |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=1999 |isbn=978-90-272-4128-3 |quote=Many identity constructs are used to refer to Palestinians in Israel; the Israeli establishment prefer ''Israeli Arabs'' or ''Arabs in Israel''. Others refer to them as ''Israeli Palestinians'', ''Palestinian Arabs in Israel'', the ''Arabs inside the Green Line''. Nowadays the widespread terms among Palestinians are ''Palestinians in Israel'' or ''the Palestinians of 1948''.}}</ref><ref name=LDE>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=m8USG9mSa-oC&q=%22palestinians+of+1948%22&pg=PA68 |title=The Logic of Democratic Exclusion: African Americans in the United States and Palestinian citizens in Israel |author=Rebecca B. Kook |publisher= Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-0442-2 |pages=67–68 |quote=The category of "Israeli Arab" was constructed by the Israeli authorities. As it indicates, this category assumes and constructs two levels of identity. The first is that of Arab. Local Palestinians who remained in what became Israel were designated as Arabs rather than Palestinians. This category refers to the realm of culture and ethnicity and not, clearly, politics. The official government intention was for the "Arab" to designate culture and ethnicity and the "Israeli" - to designate the political identity. ... In addition to the category of Israeli Arabs, other categories include "the minorities" and "the Arab sector," or, in certain sectors the more cryptic appellation of "our cousins." The use of these labels denies the existence of any type of political or national identification and the use of "minority" even denies them a distinct cultural identity. With the emergence of a more critical discourse ... the categorization expands to include Israeli Palestinians, Palestinians in Israel, Palestinian Arabs, Israeli Palestinian Arabs, the Palestinians of 1948, and so on. |year=2002}}</ref> These terms clarify that
There are at least two terms which specifically exclude the [[East Jerusalem]] Arab population and the [[Druze]] and other Arabs in the [[Golan Heights]]: ''the Arabs inside the Green Line'', and ''the Arabs within'' ({{lang-ar|عرب الداخل|‘Arab al-Dākhil|links=no}}).<ref name=ICG>{{cite journal|title=Identity Crisis: Israel and its Arab Citizens |journal=Middle East Report |issue= 25 |date=4 March 2004 |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/israel-palestine/025-identity-crisis-israel-and-its-arab-citizens.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313112806/http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/israel-palestine/025-identity-crisis-israel-and-its-arab-citizens.aspx |archive-date=13 March 2011 |access-date=14 April 2011 }}. "The issue of terminology relating to this subject is sensitive and at least partially a reflection of political preferences. Most Israeli official documents refer to the Israeli Arab community as "minorities". The Israeli National Security Council (NSC) has used the term "Arab citizens of Israel". Virtually all political parties, movements and non-governmental organisations from within the Arab community use the word "Palestinian" somewhere in their description – at times failing to make any reference to Israel. For consistency of reference and without prejudice to the position of either side, ICG will use both Arab Israeli and terms the community commonly uses to describe itself, such as Palestinian citizens of Israel or Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel."</ref><ref name=Amara>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LG5seycNTAcC&q=%22palestinians+of+1948%22&pg=PA1 |title=Politics and sociolinguistic reflexes: Palestinian border villages |author=Muhammad Amara |page=1 |edition=Illustrated |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=1999 |isbn=978-90-272-4128-3 |quote=Many identity constructs are used to refer to Palestinians in Israel; the Israeli establishment prefer ''Israeli Arabs'' or ''Arabs in Israel''. Others refer to them as ''Israeli Palestinians'', ''Palestinian Arabs in Israel'', the ''Arabs inside the Green Line''. Nowadays the widespread terms among Palestinians are ''Palestinians in Israel'' or ''the Palestinians of 1948''.}}</ref><ref name=LDE>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=m8USG9mSa-oC&q=%22palestinians+of+1948%22&pg=PA68 |title=The Logic of Democratic Exclusion: African Americans in the United States and Palestinian citizens in Israel |author=Rebecca B. Kook |publisher= Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-0442-2 |pages=67–68 |quote=The category of "Israeli Arab" was constructed by the Israeli authorities. As it indicates, this category assumes and constructs two levels of identity. The first is that of Arab. Local Palestinians who remained in what became Israel were designated as Arabs rather than Palestinians. This category refers to the realm of culture and ethnicity and not, clearly, politics. The official government intention was for the "Arab" to designate culture and ethnicity and the "Israeli" - to designate the political identity. ... In addition to the category of Israeli Arabs, other categories include "the minorities" and "the Arab sector," or, in certain sectors the more cryptic appellation of "our cousins." The use of these labels denies the existence of any type of political or national identification and the use of "minority" even denies them a distinct cultural identity. With the emergence of a more critical discourse ... the categorization expands to include Israeli Palestinians, Palestinians in Israel, Palestinian Arabs, Israeli Palestinian Arabs, the Palestinians of 1948, and so on. |year=2002}}</ref> These terms clarify that
*Although Israel annexed [[East Jerusalem]] in 1967, the vast majority of its Arab population does not have Israeli citizenship
*Although Israel annexed [[East Jerusalem]] in 1967, the vast majority of its Arab population does not have Israeli citizenship
*Although Israel annexed the [[Golan Heights]], that area was originally part of [[Syria]], not [[Mandatory Palestine]].
*Although Israel annexed the [[Golan Heights]], that area was originally part of [[Syria]], not [[Mandatory Palestine]].


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 17:53, 2 March 2024

This redirect is about the demonym for Palestinian/Arab citizens of Israel. For information about this population group, see Arab citizens of Israel.


Palestinian citizens of Israel is a term that most Arab citizens of Israel prefer to refer to themselves,[1][2] and which some media (BBC, New York Times, Washington Post, NBC News)[3] and other organizations use to refer to Israeli Arabs, either consistently or alternating the use of other terms for Israeli Arabs. According to The New York Times, as of 2012, most Israeli Arabs preferred to identify themselves as Palestinian citizens of Israel rather than as Israeli Arabs.[2] The Council on Foreign Relations also states that most members of the Israeli Arab community prefer this term.[1] The Washington Post asserted in 2021 that "surveys showed" that Israeli Arabs preferred the term "Palestinian citizen of Israel" and that "for people who often feel caught between two worlds, however, the contours of what it means to be a Palestinian citizen of Israel remain a work in progress."[4]

However, these findings conflict with a 2017 Tel Aviv University poll which showed most Israelis self-identify as either Arab-Israeli or simply Israeli.[5]

Similar terms that Israeli Arabs, media and other organizations may use are Palestinian Arabs in Israel and Israeli Palestinian Arabs. Amnesty reports that “Arab citizens of Israel” is an inclusive term used by Israel that describes a number of different and primarily Arabic-speaking groups, including Muslim Arabs, Christian Arabs, Druze and Circassians. At the end of 2019, considering the number of those defined as Muslim Arabs and Christian Arabs together, the population of Palestinian citizens of Israel amounted to around 1.8 million.[6]

There are at least two terms which specifically exclude the East Jerusalem Arab population and the Druze and other Arabs in the Golan Heights: the Arabs inside the Green Line, and the Arabs within (Arabic: عرب الداخل, romanized: ‘Arab al-Dākhil).[7][8][9] These terms clarify that

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Robinson, Kali (26 October 2023). "What to Know About the Arab Citizens of Israel". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2 March 2024. Israeli government documents and media refer to Arab citizens as "Arabs" or "Israeli Arabs," and some Arabs use those terms themselves. Global news media usually use similar phrasing to distinguish these residents from Arabs who live in the Palestinian territories. Most members of this community self-identify as "Palestinian citizens of Israel," and some identify just as "Palestinian" to indicate their rejection of Israeli identity. Others prefer to be referred to as Arab citizens of Israel for various reasons
  2. ^ a b Jodi Rudoren, Service to Israel Tugs at Identity of Arab Citizens, The New York Times 12 July 2012: 'After decades of calling themselves Israeli Arabs, which in Hebrew sounds like Arabs who belong to Israel, most now prefer Palestinian citizens of Israel.'
  3. ^ Koningsveld, Akiva Van (6 October 2021). "Newsflash, Media: Israel's Arab Minority Does Not 'Largely Identify as Palestinian'". HonestReporting. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  4. ^ Witte, Griff (11 June 2021). "Long overlooked, Israel's Arab citizens are increasingly asserting their Palestinian identity". Washington Post. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  5. ^ "Citizenship, Identity and Political Participation: Measuring the Attitudes of the Arab Citizens in Israel, December 2017: pages 22, 25 and 28; quote (p.28): "The positions of the participants in the focus groups reflect the strength of Palestinian-Arab identity among Arab citizens and the fact that they do not see a contradiction between Palestinian-Arab national identity and Israeli civic identity. The designation "Israeli-Arab" aroused great opposition in the focus groups, as did Israel's Independence Day. A comparison of views expressed in the focus groups with the general results of the survey points to differences between collective positions and memory and individual feelings and attitudes. The collective position presented in the focus group discussions finds expression in the public sphere and emphasizes the Palestinian national identity. Conversely, the responses of the survey participants reveal individual attitudes that assign a broader (albeit secondary, identity) dimension to the component of Israeli civic identity"" (PDF).
  6. ^ Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity (PDF) (Report). Amnesty International. January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2024. The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that "Arab citizens of Israel" is an inclusive term that describes a number of different and primarily Arabic-speaking groups, including Muslim Arabs (this classification includes Bedouins), Christian Arabs, Druze and Circassians. According to the ICBS, at the end of 2019, the Druze population stood at approximately 145,000, while according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Circassian population totalled 4,000 people. Considering the number of those defined as Muslim Arabs and Christian Arabs together, the population of Palestinian citizens of Israel amounted to around 1.8 million, that is some 20% of the total population in Israel and occupied East Jerusalem.
  7. ^ "Identity Crisis: Israel and its Arab Citizens". Middle East Report (25). 4 March 2004. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.. "The issue of terminology relating to this subject is sensitive and at least partially a reflection of political preferences. Most Israeli official documents refer to the Israeli Arab community as "minorities". The Israeli National Security Council (NSC) has used the term "Arab citizens of Israel". Virtually all political parties, movements and non-governmental organisations from within the Arab community use the word "Palestinian" somewhere in their description – at times failing to make any reference to Israel. For consistency of reference and without prejudice to the position of either side, ICG will use both Arab Israeli and terms the community commonly uses to describe itself, such as Palestinian citizens of Israel or Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel."
  8. ^ Muhammad Amara (1999). Politics and sociolinguistic reflexes: Palestinian border villages (Illustrated ed.). John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 1. ISBN 978-90-272-4128-3. Many identity constructs are used to refer to Palestinians in Israel; the Israeli establishment prefer Israeli Arabs or Arabs in Israel. Others refer to them as Israeli Palestinians, Palestinian Arabs in Israel, the Arabs inside the Green Line. Nowadays the widespread terms among Palestinians are Palestinians in Israel or the Palestinians of 1948.
  9. ^ Rebecca B. Kook (2002). The Logic of Democratic Exclusion: African Americans in the United States and Palestinian citizens in Israel. Lexington Books. pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-0-7391-0442-2. The category of "Israeli Arab" was constructed by the Israeli authorities. As it indicates, this category assumes and constructs two levels of identity. The first is that of Arab. Local Palestinians who remained in what became Israel were designated as Arabs rather than Palestinians. This category refers to the realm of culture and ethnicity and not, clearly, politics. The official government intention was for the "Arab" to designate culture and ethnicity and the "Israeli" - to designate the political identity. ... In addition to the category of Israeli Arabs, other categories include "the minorities" and "the Arab sector," or, in certain sectors the more cryptic appellation of "our cousins." The use of these labels denies the existence of any type of political or national identification and the use of "minority" even denies them a distinct cultural identity. With the emergence of a more critical discourse ... the categorization expands to include Israeli Palestinians, Palestinians in Israel, Palestinian Arabs, Israeli Palestinian Arabs, the Palestinians of 1948, and so on.
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