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Revision as of 09:18, 6 June 2009

University College London
File:UCL-logo-new.png
MottoCuncti adsint meritaeque expectent praemia palmae (Latin)
Motto in English
Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
TypePublic
Established1826
Endowment£105.1 million[1]
ProvostProf. Malcolm Grant
Students21,620[2]
Undergraduates11,970[2]
Postgraduates9,650[2]
Location
Bloomsbury, Central London.
Colours
                     
AffiliationsUniversity of London
Russell Group
LERU
EUA
ACU
'Golden Triangle'
G5
Websitehttp://www.ucl.ac.uk

University College London (UCL) is a university institution and constituent college of the University of London based primarily in London, England, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1826, as London University, and was the first university institution to be founded in London, the first British university to be established on an entirely secular basis, and the first British university to admit students regardless of their religion and gender.

In 1836, London University, together with the recently established King's College London, formed an association under a new Royal Charter to establish the University of London, and at this point UCL acquired its present name.

Although UCL voluntarily remains a constituent college of the University of London, it is in many ways comparable with free-standing, self-governing and independently funded universities, awarding its own degrees.[3] Today, with over 8,000 staff and 22,000 students, UCL is larger than most other universities in the United Kingdom.

UCL is a member of the elite Russell Group of Universities, a part of the 'G5' sub-group of super-elite UK universities, a part of the Golden Triangle, the European University Association, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, and the League of European Research Universities.[4] According to the latest U.S. News & World Report, UCL is ranked 7th in the World's Best Colleges and Universities and 4th in the Top British and European Universities after Oxford, Cambridge and Imperial College.[5]

In 2008, UCL had an annual turnover of £635 million and fixed assets worth £581 million.[6]

The current Provost and President of UCL is Professor Malcolm Grant.[7]

Academic reputation

According to the UK university league tables, UCL is one of the UK's top 10 multi-faculty universities (along with other British universities). The law faculty in particular is 'tipped by insiders as the best law faculty in the United Kingdom' [8]. According to The Guardian newspaper, UCL, along with King's College London, the London School of Economics, and Imperial College London, each 'have international reputations that in this country only Oxbridge can beat'[9].

UK University Rankings
2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
Times Good University Guide 5th[10] 7th[11] 6th[12] 5th[13] 6th 6th[14] 6th 11th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 7th 8th= 4th 4th 4th
Guardian University Guide 6th[15] 7th[16] 5th[16] 4th 4th[17] 7th[18] 6th[19] 5th[20] 7th[21]
Sunday Times University Guide 6th[22] 5th[22] 5th[23] 5th 5th[24] 5th[24] 8th[24] 6th[24] 6th[24] 5th[24] 6th[24]
Independent
Complete University Guide
supported by
PriceWaterHouseCoopers 		8th[25] 8th[26] 6th
Daily Telegraph 6th[27] 7th[28] 7th[21]
FT 5th[29][30] 5th[21] 4th[31] 4th[32] 4th[33]
World
2008 2007 2006 2005
THES - QS World University Rankings 7 th[34] 9 th[35] 25th[36] 28th[37]
Academic Ranking of World Universities 22nd[38] 25th[39] 26th[40] 26th[41]

According to new data released in July 2008 by the Thomson ISI Web of Knowledge’s Essential Science Indicators. UCL is the most-cited institution in the UK, and up one place from the last analysis to 13th in the world (whilst Oxford is ranked 18th and Cambridge 20th). The analysis covers citations from 1 January 1998 to 30 April 2008, during which 46,166 UCL research papers attracted 803,566 citations. The number of citations generated by academic publications is an important indication of institutional importance and influence. The report covers citations in 21 subject areas. The results revealed some of UCL’s key strengths:

in Clinical Medicine – 1st outside North America

in Neuroscience & Behaviour – 1st outside North America and 2nd in the world

in Psychiatry/Psychology – 2nd outside North America

in Immunology – 2nd in Europe

in Pharmacology & Toxicology – 1st outside North America and 4th in the world

in Social Sciences, General – 1st outside North America[42]

Shanghai Jiao Tong's 2008 analysis of subject areas showed that UCL’s global ranking rose from 17th to 13th in Clinical Medicine & Pharmacy, with 2nd place in the UK. In Life & Agricultural Sciences, UCL rose from 24th to 19th globally, with 3rd place in the UK.[43]

Geography and location

University College London (UCL) is located in Bloomsbury, central London. The main campus is located on Gower Street[44], although there are also other UCL buildings to be found throughout London. The Gower Street campus includes the UCL science and main libraries, the language departments, the history departments, the Bloomsbury theatre, the biology and physics departments, and the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. A further set of buildings based around neighbouring Gordon Street and Gordon Square includes the Institute of Archaeology, the chemistry department, the philosophy department the Bartlett School of The Built Environment and the School of Slavonic and East European Studies.

The area around UCL is occupied by a constellation of other renowned institutions, including the British Library, the British Museum, the Royal Academy of Art, the British Medical Association, and the Wellcome Trust. Many University of London schools and institutes are close by, and these include the SOAS, Birkbeck, University of London, the Institute of Education, the School of Advanced Study and the Senate House Library, which houses the University of London's world-class research collections; these focus on the arts, humanities and social sciences. (All UCL students on degree courses, and all UCL staff have full access to this library and its electronic resources).

The nearest London Underground station to the main UCL campus is Euston Square. Other nearby stations are Warren Street, Russell Square and Goodge Street, as well as Euston Underground and railway station.

History

Main article: History of University College London
The London University as drawn by Thomas Hosmer Shepherd and published in 1827/28 (now UCL Main Building).

UCL was founded in 1826 under the name London University, as a secular alternative to the religious universities of Oxford and Cambridge.[45] As such, it is often described as the third oldest English university, although other institutions sometimes try to claim this title.

Jeremy Bentham's preserved corpse, dressed in Bentham's own clothes, is on daily, public display in UCL's South Cloister; a testament to his radical independence of thought, even after death.

While the philosopher Jeremy Bentham is seen as the moving spirit behind the establishment of this new university for London, he personally took no part in the university's creation. Crucially, however, it was Bentham's powerful, radical ideas on education and society that had inspired the institution's founders, particularly the Scotsmen James Mill (1773-1836) and Henry Brougham (1778-1868), and shaped its creation. .[46]

In 1836 the so-called London University became known as University College, London [47] when, under a Royal charter, it worked with the recently established King's College London to create the federal University of London.

In 1907, the University of London was formally reconstituted with a new Royal charter, and new institutions joined the federation. Under this re-organisation it was necessary for each of the various institutions that now formed the University of London to lose their separate legal existences, and all offered degrees of the University of London. This situation continued until 1977 when a new charter restored UCL's independence, although - at that time - not the power to award its own degrees.[48]

Eventually, in 2005 UCL was once again granted its own taught and research Degree Awarding Powers (DAP), and all new UCL students registered from 2007-08 qualify with UCL degrees rather than degrees of the University of London. The majority of continuing students who were enrolled on taught-degree programmes before the academic year 2007-08 had the choice of whether to receive a UCL degree or a University of London degree. These changes did not apply to students registered on the MBBS programme, or federal degrees, who continued to be awarded University of London degrees. Despite these DAP changes, UCL retains its strong links with the University of London.[49]

In 2008, UCL became the first UK university to sign agreements for a campus in Australia, establishing the UCL School of Energy & Resources, Australia (SERAus) in Adelaide.[50]

Alumni and academics

Main article: list of University College London people

UCL alumni include both 'the Great and the Good', ranging from Mahatma Gandhi and Alexander Graham Bell, to Ricky Gervais and all four members of the band Coldplay, as well as two members of the band Keane, Tim Rice-Oxley and Richard Hughes. Important authors include Stella Gibbons, Robert Browning, Rabindranath Tagore (did not graduate), Raymond Briggs and G. K. Chesterton. Gay rights activist Alex Trippier, star of TV Drama Queer as Folk, studied at the University. Scientists and engineers include Francis Crick, John Ambrose Fleming, Joseph Lister, Roger Penrose, Colin Chapman, evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith and the aforementioned Bell. Artists, architects and designers include Sir William Coldstream, Sir Eduardo Paolozzi, Ben Nicholson and David Mlinaric. Politicians figure highly in the lists, notably Sir Stafford Cripps (Chancellor of the Exchequer), William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate (Liberal and subsequent Labour politician), the first and former prime ministers of Japan (Hirobumi Ito and Junichiro Koizumi respectively) and Chaim Herzog, the former President of Israel. Moreover, the founding father of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta was a UCL graduate. Wu Tingfang (Ng Choy) was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Acting Premier during the early days of the Republic of China. Prominent UCL law graduates include a Lord Chancellor (Lord Herschell), the former Chief Justices of England (Lord Woolf), Hong Kong (Sir Yang Ti-liang), India (A.S. Anand) and Ghana (Samuel Azu Crabbe), two Masters of the Rolls (Lord Cozens-Hardy, Sir George Jessel), as well as the Attorneys-General of England (Lord Goldsmith; Baroness Scotland), Singapore (Tan Boon Teik; Chao Hick Tin) and Gambia (Hassan Bubacar Jallow). F.T. Cheng a.k.a. Cheng T'ien-Hsi was a judge of the International Court of Justice at the Hague and was Nationalist China's last ambassador to the United Kingdom. Many leading journalists attended UCL including three former editors of The Economist, most notably Walter Bagehot, and two editors of The Times Literary Supplement. A number of entertainers and TV personalities feature too, including Alex Trippier (Queer as Folk),Justine Frischmann,Sheebani Chhotani - Professional Clown, Jack Peñate, Jonathan Dimbleby and Jonathan Ross. Key business people include Edwin Waterhouse (founding partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers). Christopher Nolan, director of "The Dark Knight" and other notable movies, is also an alumnus. In addition, both of the managing directors of the Jack Wills clothing chain are UCL graduates having met during their time there. David Gower and Christine Ohuruogu from sports are also UCL graduates. Dr Heenal Raichura, the UK's youngest doctor at the age of 22, is also an alumnus. The singer/songwriter Zarif Davidson, known professionally as Zarif, attended UCL.

UCL has the highest number of academics of any university in the UK. Currently among UCL academics there are 35 fellows of the Royal Society, 27 Fellows of the British Academy, and 77 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences. 20 Nobel prizes have been awarded to UCL academics and students (ten of which were in Physiology & Medicine) as well as three Fields Medals.[51][52] All five of the naturally occurring noble gases were discovered at UCL by Sir William Ramsay, who was chair of chemistry[53] and after whom Ramsay Hall is named.

UCL buildings, departments and collections

UCL operates in many separate buildings. Whilst most of the buildings are concentrated in the Bloomsbury area of Central London (near Euston station), others can be found as far away as Old Street. Some of the buildings have been acquired through mergers with other colleges, and others have been newly built. The newest include the Engineering Wing on Malet Place and the Andrew Huxley Building within the Gower Street Site.[54]

UCL's newest buildings include the London Centre for Nanotechnology on Gordon Street and a new building for the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (formerly at Senate House) which was opened (by Princess Anne and the President of the Czech Republic, Václav Klaus) in October 2005 on Taviton Street.[55] The Institute of Ophthalmology opened a new wing in 2005 funded by the Wellcome Trust.[56]

UCL Library

The UCL library is divided across several sites within the UCL campus and across Bloomsbury.[57] Access to each library is gained by the use of an electronic swipe card through electronic security barriers. The libraries are linked together by a networking catalogue and request system called 'eUCLid'.[58] The largest collection of material is held in the 'Main Library' which is in the UCL Main Building. The 'Main library' contains UCL's collections relating to arts and humanities, history, economics, public policy and law.[59] The Flaxman Gallery, a collection of sculptures and paintings by artist John Flaxman is located inside the 'main library' in the Octagon building under UCL's central dome.

The second largest library - the 'UCL Science library' occupies a building known as the 'DMS Watson building' on Malet Place. It contains UCL's books and journals related to Engineering, Mathematics, anthropology, geography and Science. It is adjacent to the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, access of which is next to the library entrance. Other libraries within UCL include the 'Cruciform library' (medical science), the 'Environmental Studies library' (architecture and planning) and the School of Slavonic and East European Studies library on Taviton Street.[60][61][62]

UCL's 'Special Collections' contain UCL's collection of historical or culturally significant works. It is one of the foremost university collections of manuscripts, archives and rare books in the UK.[63] It includes collections of medieval manuscripts and early printed books, as well as significant holdings of 18th century works, and highly important 19th and 20th century collections of personal papers, archival material, and literature, covering a vast range of subject areas. Archives include the Latin American archives, the Jewish collections and the George Orwell Archive.[64] Collections are often displayed in a series of glass cabinets in the Cloisters of the UCL Main Building.[65]

The most significant works are housed in the 'Strong Rooms'. The special collection includes first editions of Newton's Principia, Charles Darwin's Origin of Species and James Joyce's Ulysses . The earliest book in the collection is 'The crafte to lyve well and to dye well', printed in 1505.[66]

Since 2004, UCL Library Services has been collecting the scholarly work of its researchers to make it freely available over the web via an open access repository known as UCL Eprints.[67] Material that is curated by UCL Eprints will still be accessible to researchers in 100 years time.[68]

Notable buildings

Museums and other collections

UCL is responsible for several museums[70] and collections in a wide range of fields across the arts and sciences:

  • Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology: one of the leading collections of Egyptian and Sudanese archaeology in the world. Open to the public on a regular basis.[71]
  • Grant Museum of Zoology And Comparative Anatomy: a diverse Natural History collection covering the whole of the animal kingdom. Includes rare dodo and quagga skeletons. A teaching and research collection, it is named after Robert Edmund Grant, UCL's first professor of comparative anatomy and zoology from 1828, now mainly noted for having tutored the undergraduate Charles Robert Darwin at the University of Edinburgh in the 1826-1827 session. Open at limited fixed times and by appointment.[72]
  • Geology Collections: founded around 1855. Primarily a teaching resource and may be visited by appointment.[73]
  • Art Collections: these date from 1847 when a collection of sculpture models and drawings of the Neo-classical artist John Flaxman was presented to UCL. There are over 10,000 pieces dating from the 15th century onwards including drawings by Turner, etchings by Rembrandt, and works by many leading 20th century British artists. The works on paper are displayed in the Strang Print Room, which has limited regular opening times. The other works may be viewed by appointment.[74]
  • Institute of Archaeology Collections: Items include prehistoric ceramics and stone artefacts from many parts of the world, the Petrie collection of Palestinian artefacts, and Classical Greek and Roman ceramics. Visits by appointment only.[75]
  • Ethnography Collections: This collection exemplifying Material Culture, holds an enormous variety of objects, textiles and artefacts from all over the world. Visits by appointment only.[76]
  • Galton Collection: The scientific instruments, papers and personal memorabilia of Sir Francis Galton. Housed in the department of biology. Visits by appointment only.[77]
  • Science Collections: Diverse collections primarily accumulated in the course of UCL's own work, including the operating table on which the first anaesthetic was administered. Items may be a viewed by appointment.[78]

UCL is developing a new facility called The Institute for Cultural Heritage, which will allow public access to its collections to be greatly improved. UCL Library's Special Collections, will also move into the new building. The Institute for Cultural Heritage will feature permanent galleries for the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, galleries devoted to the Art and Library Special Collections, a gallery for temporary exhibitions from the other collections, lecture theatres and study rooms. Planning permission was granted in 2004, building work began in 2007 and it is scheduled to open in 2009.[79]

Medicine and UCL Hospital

Main article: UCL Medical School

The UCL Medical School offers degrees in medicine which take six years to complete.[80] UCL has offered courses in medicine since 1825 but the current medical school is a merger of two other schools, that took place in 1998 .[81]

Main article: University College Hospital

Whittington Hospital and Royal Free Hospital

Clinical medicine is primarily taught at three hospitals in London; University College Hospital, The Royal Free Hospital and The Whittington Hospital. University College Hospital is one of central London's largest NHS hospitals and is part financed by the university.[82] UCL's hospital facilities are located around Bloomsbury but the main hospital facility, including accident and emergency, is located on Euston Road. In 2004 work began to rebuild the main hospital, most of the work is now finished with the final extension due for completion by 2008.[83] UCL also operates its own medical research company called UCL Biomedica.[84]

UCL is a member of the UCL Partners academic health science centre.

in 2007 UCL joined with the Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK and the Wellcome Trust to establish the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation. This Centre will be set on a site in London between the British Library and St Pancras Eurostar terminal and will be one of the world’s largest medical research centres, housing 1,500 scientists and support staff working on a range of biomedical projects.[85]

Student accommodation

Many UCL students are accommodated in the college's own halls of residence or other accommodation, such as those below:

  • Arthur Tattersall House (115-131 Gower Street)
  • Astor College (99 Charlotte St)
  • Campbell House East and West (Taviton Street)
  • Ifor Evans & Max Rayne Student Residences (109 Camden Road)
  • Frances Gardner House and Langton Close (Gray's Inn Road)
  • John Tovell House (89 & 93-7 Gower Street)
  • John Dodgson House (Bidborough Street)
  • Ramsay Hall and Ian Baker House Student Residences(Maple Street)
  • Schafer House Student Residence (Drummond Street)
  • James Lighthill House (Pentonville Road)
  • Goldsmid House will reopen in brand new buildings for the 2008-2009 session, relocated from Oxford Street to Westminster. (The building is named after Sir F.H. Goldsmid, a treasurer of the University in the 19th century.)

Most students in college or university accommodation are first-year undergraduates. The majority of second and third-year students and postgraduates find their own accommodation in the private sector. There is also limited UCL accommodation available for married students and those with children at Bernard Johnson House, Hawkridge, Neil Sharp House and the University of London's Lilian Penson Hall.[86]

Intercollegiate Halls of Residence

UCL students are also eligible to apply for places in the University of London intercollegiate halls of residence[87]. The halls are:

University College London Union

The University College London Union main building on Gordon Street, Bloomsbury
Main article: University College London Union

The union, founded in 1893, has a credible claim to be England's oldest students' union.[48] Today the union exists to provide a wide range of services to UCL students. It is run by elected student officers, and supports a range of services, including numerous clubs and societies, sports facilities, and an advice service, as well as a number of bars, cafes and shops.[88]

King's College London rivalry

Main Article Student Rags

UCL has a long-running, mostly friendly rivalry with King's College London within the University of London. UCL is often referred to by students from the latter using nicknames such as the "Godless Scum of Gower Street", in reference to a comment made at the founding of KCL, which was based on Christian principles. UCL students and staff also refer to King's as "Strand Polytechnic" in a similar attitude. Historically the college rivalry was known as 'Rags'.[89]

KCL's mascot, "Reggie", was lost for many years in the 1990s. It was recovered after being found dumped in a field, restored at the cost of around £15,000 and placed on display in the students' union.[90] It is in a glass case and filled with concrete to prevent theft, particularly by UCL students who once castrated it. (KCL, to be fair, had also stolen one UCL mascot, Phineas).[91] It is often claimed that KCL students played football with the embalmed head of Jeremy Bentham. Although the head was indeed stolen, the football story is a myth which is denied by official UCL documentation about Bentham found next to his display case (his Auto Icon) in the college cloisters. The head is now kept in the college vaults.[92]

A new lobby

Within the United Kingdom, UCL has been identified as part of a new group of universities which has started to act as a self-conscious lobby and pressure group: known commonly as the 'G5'.[93][94] According to the Times Higher Education Supplement (THES), the five institutions are the LSE, Imperial College London, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge and University College London, and it describes them as the "super-elite" (as all five are already members of the elite Russell Group).[93]

The 'G5' have begun to meet regularly and formally to plan their own path through the upheavals that are currently transforming British higher education, and to lobby for their own particular interests in maintaining the standards at the sharp end of tertiary education in the UK.

It has been reported in the THES[93][95] that, "The group, which calls itself the G5, warns that without more money to support its high-quality teaching, its members will turn away British undergraduates and focus instead on overseas and postgraduate students, whose fees cover most of the full cost of their courses. The new group has been meeting in secret for a few months. Few vice-chancellors know of its existence as a fully fledged grouping. The G5's goal is to secure extra state cash above the £3,000 student top-up fees which from 2006 covered the full costs of home and European Union undergraduates on their courses. The G5 group will make a case for special treatment for its members."

Sir Richard Sykes, then rector of Imperial, said: "Imperial does not have any cheap courses. We will press the government to recognise this or lift the [£3,000] cap [on fees]. If they say our courses are too high quality and too expensive, we will not reduce our quality. We will have to look at expanding the number of postgraduates and overseas undergraduates we take."[93]

These five colleges have been noted to share the following attributes which appear to have been the common binding factors: strong research outputs, high teaching ratings, many famous names in public life, a major impact on global affairs and policy, and big international standing in academia. They also have some of the most influential and active student unions, with the overall University of London Student Union standing out for notable activism against successive governments, ranging from the 1968 storming of Downing Street, to recent protests over the War on Iraq and student "top-up" fees.

In June 2009, Sir Roy Anderson, the current rector of Imperial College London, argued that, what he described as the top five universities in the UK – "Oxford, Cambridge, the London School of Economics, University College London and ICL" – should be allowed to independently set their tuition fees. It was, he argued, the only way they could continue to maintain their presently high standards.[96]

Ethical investment policy

UCL's ethical investment policies exclude direct investment in tobacco companies. The policies do not exclude investment in arms companies. In 2006 Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) revealed that UCL was the largest known university investor in arms companies in the UK. UCL currently invests £1,591,627 in the companies Cobham plc and the Smiths Group (both of which manufacture components for military aircraft and other weapons systems). This sum amounts to 1.7% of UCL's total investment assets.[97]

Filming at UCL

Main article: Filming at UCL

Due to its position within London and the historical nature of the UCL Main Building and quad, UCL has been used as a location for film and television recording.

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  2. ^ a b c "Table 0a - All students by institution, mode of study, level of study, gender and domicile 2005/06". Higher Education Statistics Agency online statistics. Retrieved 2007-03-31.
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  4. ^ Template:PDFlink
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  6. ^ UCL ACCOUNTS FOR 2008.Template:PDFlink
  7. ^ UCL Provost and President
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  48. ^ a b Landmarks
  49. ^ 'UCL Unveils New Academic Dress' in UCL News. URL: < http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0803/08032602 >, was live on 25 July 2008
  50. ^ "UCL School of Energy & Resources, Australia, to be established'". UCL News. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  51. ^ Facts and Figures
  52. ^ 20th Nobel Prize for UCL community
  53. ^ Sir William Ramsay: Noble Gas Pioneer—On the 100th Anniversary of His Nobel Prize
  54. ^ Faculty of Engineering Sciences
  55. ^ Template:PDFlink
  56. ^ Institute of Ophthalmology
  57. ^ UCL Library Services - Sites
  58. ^ http://library.ucl.ac.uk/F?RN=632723792
  59. ^ UCL Library Services - Main Library
  60. ^ UCL Library Services - Cruciform Library
  61. ^ UCL Library Services - Environmental Studies Library
  62. ^ UCL Library Services - SSEES Library
  63. ^ UCL Library Services - Special Collections Library
  64. ^ UCL Library Services - Special Collections A-Z Directory
  65. ^ UCL Library Services - Special Collections Library
  66. ^ UCL Library Services - Special Collections Library
  67. ^ 'UCL Eprints repository rankings' in UCL News (13 March 2008), http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0803/08031304 (accessed 1 August 2008)
  68. ^ About UCL Eprints http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/information.html (accessed 1 August 2008)
  69. ^ http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/pages/
  70. ^ UCL Museums & Collections | Home
  71. ^ Welcome to The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
  72. ^ UCL Museums & Collections
  73. ^ UCL Museums & Collections
  74. ^ UCL Museums & Collections
  75. ^ UCL Museums & Collections
  76. ^ UCL Museums & Collections
  77. ^ UCL Museums & Collections | Home
  78. ^ UCL Museums & Collections
  79. ^ Institute for Cultural Heritage (IfCH) at UCL- it looks like this!
  80. ^ UCL Medical School
  81. ^ UCL Medical School
  82. ^ UCLH Internet - University College London Hospital
  83. ^ University College Hospital Recent building work due 2008
  84. ^ Suspended Domain
  85. ^ 'UCL in partnership for world-class medical research centre: St Pancras land sale' in UCL News, 5 December 2007: <http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0712/07120501>, accessed 24 January 2009
  86. ^ Accommodation
  87. ^ University of London - Intercollegiate Halls
  88. ^ UCL Union
  89. ^ Mayhem in the Metropolis: King's College versus University College in Student Rags
  90. ^ Mayhem in the Metropolis: King's College versus University College in Student Rags
  91. ^ Mayhem in the Metropolis: King's College versus University College in Student Rags
  92. ^ http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/right-column/ucl-views/bentham
  93. ^ a b c d http://www.thes.co.uk/current_edition/story.aspx?story_id=2010377
  94. ^ http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice.bak/staffStudentsAndAlumni/dailyHeadlines/06-02-04.htm
  95. ^ http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice.bak/staffStudentsAndAlumni/dailyHeadlines/06-02-04.htm
  96. ^ Freeing universities to charge higher fees will be a bargainTerence Kealey, The Telegraph, June 2009
  97. ^ UCL investment in arms companies, Disarm UCL Campaign
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^ "The Sunday Times University Guide". The Times. 2005. Retrieved 2006-09-09.

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