List of weather records: Difference between revisions
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| 57.8 °C (136 °[[Fahrenheit|F]]) |
| 57.8 °C (136 °[[Fahrenheit|F]]) |
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| [[Al 'Aziziyah]], [[Libya]] |
| [[Al 'Aziziyah]], [[Libya]] |
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| 1922-09-13<ref name="NCDC">[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation.] [[National Climatic Data Center]]. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.</ref> |
| 1922-09-13<ref name="NCDC">[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation.] [[National Climatic Data Center]]. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.</ref> (Modern research suggests this record may be the result of an instrument error<ref name="libyablog">{{cite web | url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=2 |title=QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE WORLD’S HOTTEST TEMPERATURE ON RECORD: 136.4°F (58°C) AT AL AZIZIA, LIBYA SEPTEMBER 13, 1922 |date=2010-10-08|publisher=Weather Underground|author=Burt, Christopher C. | accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref>.) |
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| style="text-align:center;"| Chad |
| style="text-align:center;"| Chad |
Revision as of 14:37, 9 October 2010
This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station.
Temperature
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are 1.2 meters above the ground, and not in the direct sunlight (hence the term, x degrees "in the shade")
Heat
Highest temperature ever recorded
Temperature | Location | Date | |
---|---|---|---|
Africa/On Earth† | 57.8 °C (136 °F) | Al 'Aziziyah, Libya | 1922-09-13[1] (Modern research suggests this record may be the result of an instrument error[2].) |
Chad | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Faya | 2010-06-22[3] |
Niger | 48.2 °C (118.8 °F) | Bilma | 2010-06-23[3] |
South Africa | 50.0 °C (122 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 1918-11-03[4] |
Sudan | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Dongola | 2010-06-25[3] |
North America | 56.7 °C (134 °F) | Death Valley, California, USA | 1913-07-10[5] |
Canada | 45 °C (113 °F) | Midale and Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan | 1937-07-05[6] |
Asia | 53.9 °C (129 °F) | Tirat Tsvi, Israel | 1942-06-21[7] |
China | 48 °C (118 °F) | Turpan Depression, Turpan, Xinjiang, China | 1975-07-13[8] |
India | 50.6 °C (123.1 °F) | Alwar, Rajasthan | 1956-05-10[9] |
Iraq | 52.0 °C (125.7 °F) | Basra | 2010-06-14[3] |
Japan | 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) | Kumagaya, Saitama / Tajimi, Gifu | 2007-08-16[10] |
Kuwait | 52.6 °C (126.7 °F) | Abdaly | 2010-06-15[3] |
Malaysia | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 1998-04-09[11] |
Myanmar | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Myinmu | 2010-05-12[3] |
Pakistan | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Mohenjo-daro, Sindh | 2010-05-26[12][3] |
Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 2010-07-14[3] |
Saudi Arabia | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 2010-06-22[3] |
Singapore | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Singapore | 1998-03-26[11] |
South Korea | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Daegu | 1942-08-01[13] |
Turkey | 48.8 °C (119.8°F) | Mardin | 1993-08-14[14] |
Oceania‡ | 50.7 °C (123 °F) | Oodnadatta, South Australia, Australia | 1960-01-02[1][15] |
New Zealand | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora Jordan, Marlborough |
1973-02-07[16] |
Europe | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Athens, Greece | 1977-07-10[17] |
Austria | 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Dellach im Drautal | 1983-07-27[18] |
Belarus | 38.9 °C(102 °F) | Gomel | 2010-08-07[3] |
Belgium | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Uccle | 1947-06-27 |
Bulgaria | 45.2 °C (113.3 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 1916-08-05[19] |
Croatia | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Ploče | 1998-08-05[20] |
Cyprus | 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) | Lefconica | 2010-08-01[3] |
Czech Republic | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prague-Uhříněves | 1983-07-27[21] |
Denmark | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 1975-08-10[22] |
Estonia | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 1992-08-11[23] |
Finland | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Liperi | 2010-07-29[24] |
France | 44.1 °C (110.1 °F) | Conqueyrac / Saint-Christol-lès-Alès | 2003-08-12[25] |
Germany | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg | 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13[26] |
Hungary | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 2007-07-08[27] |
Iceland | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 1939-06-22[28][29] |
Ireland | 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 1887-06-26[30] |
Italy | 45.6 °C (116.6 °F) | Bari | 2007-07-25[31] |
Latvia | 36.4 °C (97.5 °C) | Daugavpils | 1943-08-04[32] |
Lithuania | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 1994-07-30[33] |
Macedonia | 44.8 °C(112.6 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija Municipality | 2000-07-05[34] |
Moldova | 41.5 °C(106.7 °F) | Camenca, Camenca sub-district, Transnistria | 2007-07-21[35] |
Netherlands | 38.6 °C (102 °F) | Warnsveld | 1944-08-23[36] |
Norway | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 1970-06-20[37] |
Poland | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków | 1921-07-29[38] |
Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 2003-08-01[39] |
Romania | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 1951-08-10[40] |
Russia | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Yashkul, Kalmykia | 2010-07-11[3] |
Serbia | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje District | 2007-07-24[41] |
Slovakia | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 2007-07-20[42] |
Slovenia | 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | Črnomelj | 1950-07-05[43] |
Spain | 47.2 °C (116.9 °F) | Murcia | 1994-07-04[44] |
Sweden | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala County / Målilla, Kalmar County | 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[45] |
Switzerland | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Locarno | 2003-08-11[46] |
Ukraine | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 2010-08-12[47] |
United Kingdom | 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) | Faversham, Kent | 2003-08-10[48] |
South America | 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Villa de María, Argentina | 1920-01-02[49][1] |
Brazil | 44.7 °C (112.4 °F) | Bom Jesus, Piauí | 2005-11-21[50] |
Uruguay | 44 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department | 1943-01-20[51] |
Antarctica | 14.6 °C (59 °F) | Vanda Station, Scott Coast | 1974-01-05[1] |
South Pole | −13.6 °C (7.5 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | 1978-12-27[52] |
- †There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[53]
- ‡On 16 January 1889, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[1]
Other warm records
- Fastest temperature rise: 27 °C (49 °F) in 2 minutes; Spearfish, South Dakota, 1943-01-22.[54]
- Most consecutive days above 100 °F (37.8 °C): 160 days; Marble Bar, Western Australia from 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924.[55]
Cold
Lowest temperatures ever recorded
Temperature | Location | Date | |
---|---|---|---|
Antarctica / On Earth | −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 1983-07-21[56][54][1] |
East Antarctica | −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) | Dome A | July 2005[57] |
South Pole | −82.8 °C (−116.5 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | [58] |
Asia | −68 °C (−90 °F) | Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic, Russia |
1892-02-07 1933-02-06[1] |
China | −52.3 °C (−62.14 °F) | Mohe County | 1969-02-13[59] |
India | −33.9 °C (−27.4 °F) | Ladakh | 1911-03-22[9] |
Iran | −36 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1969[60] |
Israel | −13.7°C (8.24 °F) | Beit Netofa Valley | 1950-02-07[61] |
Japan | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 1902-01-25[10] |
Singapore | 19.4 °C (66.9 °F) | Singapore | 1934-01-31[11] |
South Korea | −32.6 °C (−26.7 °F) | Yangpyeong | 1981-01-05[13] |
Turkey | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Van | 1990-01-09[14] |
North America | −66.1 °C (−87 °F) | North Ice, Greenland | 1954-01-09[1] |
Canada | −63 °C (−81 °F) | Snag, Yukon Territory, Canada | 1947-02-03[54][1] |
United States | −62 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 1971-01-23[62] |
Mexico | −32 °C (−25.6 °F) | Santa Barbara, Durango | 1999[63] |
Europe | −58.1 °C (−72.6°F) | Ust' Shchugor, Russia | 1978-12-31[17] |
Austria | −37.4 °C (−38.6 °F) | Sonnblick | 1905-01-01[64] |
Belarus | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast | 1940-01-17[65] |
Belgium | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 1940-01-20[66] |
Bulgaria | −38.3 °C (−37 °F) | Thrun | 1947-01-25[19] |
Croatia | −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) | Čakovec | 1929-02-03[20] |
Czech Republic | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 1929-02-11[21] |
Denmark | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 1982-01-08[22] |
Estonia | −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 1940-01-17[23] |
Finland | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Kittilä, Lapland | 1999-01-28[67] |
France | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 1985-01-17[68] |
Germany | −37.8 °C (−36.0 °F) | Hüll, Pfaffenhofen, Bavaria | 1929-02-12[26] |
Greece | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 1967-01-27[69] |
Hungary | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Miskolc | 1940-02-16[27] |
Iceland | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 1918-01-21[28] |
Ireland | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 1881-01-16[30] |
Italy | −34.6 °C (−30.3 °F) | Plateau Rosa, Aosta Valley | 1971-03-06[70] |
Latvia | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °C) | Daugavpils | 1956-02-08[32] |
Lithuania | −42.9 °C(−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1956-02-01[33] |
Macedonia | −31.5 °C(−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 1954-01-27[34] |
Netherlands | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk | 1944-01-27[36] |
Norway | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1886-01-01[37] |
Poland | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship | 1940-01-11[38] |
Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde Miranda do Douro |
1945-01-16 and 1954-02-05[71] |
Romania | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Braşov County | 1942-01-25[40] |
Serbia | −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) | Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor District | 1985-01-13[41] |
Slovakia | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vigľaš-Pstruša | 1929-02-11[72] |
Slovenia | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[43] |
Spain | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Lake Estangento, Lérida | 1956-02-02[44] |
Sweden | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Vuoggatjålme, Norrbotten County | 1966-02-02[45] |
Switzerland | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 1987-01-12[46] |
Ukraine | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 1935-02-08[73] |
United Kingdom | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire Altnaharra, Sutherland |
1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10 1995-12-30[48] |
South America | −40 °C (−40 °F) | Pampa Alta Pass (Puesto Viejo), Aisén Region, Chile/ Chubut Province, Argentina | 2002-06-21[74] |
Brazil | −14 °C (7 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 1975[75] |
Uruguay | −11 °C (12 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 1967-06-14[51] |
Africa | −24 °C (−11 °F) | Ifrane, Morocco | 1935-02-11[1] |
Lesotho | −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) | Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae), Mokhotlong District | 1967-06-12[76] |
South Africa | −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 1996-06-28[4] |
Oceania | −23 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, Australia | 1994-06-29[77] |
Hawaii | −11.1 °C (12 °F) | Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaiʻi | 1979-05-17[1] |
New Zealand | −21.6°C (−6.88 °F) | Ophir, Central Otago | 1995-07-03[78] |
Other cold records
- Fastest temperature drop: 26 °C (47 °F) in 15 minutes; Rapid City, South Dakota, 1911-01-10.[54]
Precipitation
- Least per year (locale): 0.00 mm (0.00 in/year), none in recorded history; Antofagasta Region, Atacama Desert, Chile.[79]
Rain
- Most in one minute: 31.2 mm (1.23 in); Unionville, Maryland, United States, 4 July 1956.[17]
- Most in 60 minutes: 305 mm (12.0 in) in 42 minutes. Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.[17]
- Most in 12 hours: 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[17]
- Most in 24 hours: 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966 during tropical cyclone Denise.[17]
- Most in 48 hours: 2,467 mm (97.1 in); Aurère, Réunion, 8–10 January 1958.[17]
- Most in 72 hours: 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007.[17]
- Most in 96 hours: 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007.[17]
- Most in one year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, India, 1860–1861.[17]
- Highest average annual total: 11,872 mm (467.4 in); Mawsynram, India.[17]
Snow
- Most in one-year period: 31.1 meters (1224 in); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, February 19, 1971 to February 18, 1972.[54]
- Most in one season (1 July–30 June): 29.0 meters, (1140 in); Mount Baker, Washington State, United States, 1998 through 1999.[80]
- Largest snowflake ever observed: 38 centimeters (15 in) in diameter; Fort Keough, Montana, United States, 1887-01-28.[54]
Wind speed
- Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) 3-second gust; Observed by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in a tornado near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on 1999-05-03.[81]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer: 113.2 m/s or 407 km/h (253 mph) 3-second gust; one of five extreme gusts during a series of 5-min time periods; Barrow Island (Western Australia), April 10, 1996 during Tropical Cyclone Olivia.[82]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer outside of a tropical cyclone: 372 km/h (231 mph) sustained 1-minute average; Mount Washington, New Hampshire, April 12, 1934.[83]
- Fastest daily average: 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica, 24-hour period from March 21, 1951 to March 22, 1951.[54]
Tornadoes
Deadliest in history
- On Earth: Approximately 1300 deaths; Manikganj District, Bangladesh on April 26, 1989.[84]
- In North America: 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, United States March 18, 1925.[54]
- In Europe: 600 or more (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valetta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict)[85]
- Largest and most severe: The Super Outbreak: 148 tornadoes occurred in a span of 16 hours from 3 to 4 April 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, Canada, and included 24 F4's and 6 F5's, more F5's than have been reported in any other year. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.[54]
Tropical cyclones
Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)
- Most intense ever recorded: 870 mb (25.63 inHg); eye of Super Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean, October 12, 1979.[54]
- Most intense in the Western Hemisphere: 882 mb (26.05 inHg); eye of Hurricane Wilma, October 19, 2005.[86]
- Most intense ever recorded on land: 892 mb (26.35 inHg); Craig Key, Florida, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, September 2, 1935. While other landfalling tropical cyclones have almost certainly had lower pressures, data is spotty from areas other than the Atlantic basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[87]
Other severe weather
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hailstone.jpg/300px-Hailstone.jpg)
Hail
- Heaviest: 1.0 kg (2.25 lb); Gopalganj District, Bangladesh, 1986-04-14.[88]
- Largest diameter officially measured: 8.0 inches (20 cm) diameter, 18.625 inches (47.3 cm) circumference; Vivian, South Dakota, July 23, 2010.[89]
- Largest circumference officially measured: 18.75 inches (47.6 cm) circumference, 7.0 inches (18 cm) diameter; Aurora, Nebraska, June 22, 2003.[90][88]
Lightning
- Longest lightning bolt: 190 km (118 miles) October 13, 2001.[91]
- Most strikes per year: More than 70 per km² in parts of Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[92]
Other categories
- Highest air pressure ever recorded: 1085.6 mb (32.06 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, December 19, 2001.[93] This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level.
See also
- Canada Weather Extremes
- UK rainfall records
- Extremes on Earth
- List of extreme temperatures in Canada
- List of statistically superlative countries
References
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- ^ Burt, Christopher C. (8 October 2010). "QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE WORLD'S HOTTEST TEMPERATURE ON RECORD: 136.4°F (58°C) AT AL AZIZIA, LIBYA SEPTEMBER 13, 1922". Weather Underground. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Masters, Jeff (7 August 2010). "National heat records set in 2010". Weather Underground. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
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