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Coordinates: 37°40′08″N 122°04′51″W / 37.66889°N 122.08083°W / 37.66889; -122.08083
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==History==
==History==
Human habitation of the greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from 4000 [[B.C.E.]]<ref>Stanger, Frank M., ed. 1968. La Peninsula Vol. XIV No. 4, March 1968.</ref> The most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Ohlone]] people.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}
Human habitation of the greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from 4000 [[B.C.E.]]<ref>Stanger, Frank M., ed. 1968. La Peninsula Vol. XIV No. 4, March 1968.</ref> The most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Ohlone people]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}


In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part of [[Rancho San Lorenzo (Castro)|Rancho San Lorenzo]], a [[Ranchos of California|spanish land grant]] to [[Guillermo Castro]] in 1740. The site of his home was on Castro Street (now [[Mission Boulevard (East Bay, California)|Mission Boulevard]]) between C and D Streets, but the structure was severely damaged in the [[1868 Hayward earthquake|1868 earthquake]] on the [[Hayward Fault]] that runs directly under that location. In 1930 that site was chosen for the construction of the City Hall which served the City until 1969.<ref>{{cite web | title = Officially Designated Historic Buildings of Hayward| publisher = Hayward Area Historical Society | year = 2006 | url = http://www.haywardareahistory.org/historicbuildings-hayward.asp | accessdate = 2008-03-16 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080412055803/http://www.haywardareahistory.org/historicbuildings-hayward.asp |archivedate = 2008-04-12}}</ref> The surrounding area is still the center of town.
In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part of [[Rancho San Lorenzo (Castro)|Rancho San Lorenzo]], a [[Ranchos of California|spanish land grant]] to [[Guillermo Castro]] in 1740. The site of his home was on Castro Street (now [[Mission Boulevard (East Bay, California)|Mission Boulevard]]) between C and D Streets, but the structure was severely damaged in the [[1868 Hayward earthquake|1868 earthquake]] on the [[Hayward Fault]] that runs directly under that location. In 1930 that site was chosen for the construction of the City Hall which served the City until 1969.<ref>{{cite web | title = Officially Designated Historic Buildings of Hayward| publisher = Hayward Area Historical Society | year = 2006 | url = http://www.haywardareahistory.org/historicbuildings-hayward.asp | accessdate = 2008-03-16 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080412055803/http://www.haywardareahistory.org/historicbuildings-hayward.asp |archivedate = 2008-04-12}}</ref> The surrounding area is still the center of town.

Revision as of 02:41, 12 March 2011

For the community in Mariposa County, with this name, see Hayward, Mariposa County, California.

37°40′08″N 122°04′51″W / 37.66889°N 122.08083°W / 37.66889; -122.08083

City of Hayward
City
Motto: 
Heart of the Bay
The city of Hayward highlighted within Alameda County
The city of Hayward highlighted within Alameda County
CountryUnited States United States
StateCalifornia California
CountyAlameda
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • MayorMichael Sweeney (D)
 • SenateEllen Corbett (D)
 • AssemblyMary Hayashi (D)
 • U. S. CongressPete Stark (D)
Area
 • City61.0 sq mi (163.3 km2)
 • Land44.3 sq mi (114.8 km2)
 • Water18.7 sq mi (48.5 km2)
Elevation
112 ft (1 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • City153,104
 • Density3,547/sq mi (1,369.5/km2)
 • Metro
4,153,870
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
94541, 94542, 94544, 94545, parts of 94546, 94552
Area code510
FIPS code06-33000
GNIS feature ID0277607
Websitehttp://www.hayward-ca.gov/

Hayward (Template:Pron-en; formerly, Haywards, Haywards Station, and Haywood) is a city located in the East Bay in Alameda County, California. Hayward is the sixth largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest in Alameda County,[1] and is located on the Bay's eastern shore, primarily between Castro Valley and Union City, at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge. Hayward was ranked as the 33rd most populous municipality in California. The former city of Mount Eden, and the former unincorporated communities of Russell City and Schafer Park, have been incorporated into Hayward.

History

Human habitation of the greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from 4000 B.C.E.[2] The most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the Native American Ohlone people.[citation needed]

In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part of Rancho San Lorenzo, a spanish land grant to Guillermo Castro in 1740. The site of his home was on Castro Street (now Mission Boulevard) between C and D Streets, but the structure was severely damaged in the 1868 earthquake on the Hayward Fault that runs directly under that location. In 1930 that site was chosen for the construction of the City Hall which served the City until 1969.[3] The surrounding area is still the center of town.

Hayward was originally known as "Hayward's," then as "Haywood," later as "Haywards," and eventually as "Hayward." There is some disagreement as to how it was named. Most historians believe it was named for William Dutton Hayward, who opened a hotel there in 1852.[4] The US Geologic Survey Geographic Names Information System states the city was named after Alvinza Hayward, a millionaire from the California Gold Rush.[5][6] Regardless of which Hayward the area was named for, because a post office cannot be named after a living person, it is believed that the name was changed to "Haywood" when the post office was first established. The first post office opened in 1860.[7]

Castro emigrated to Chile with most of his family in 1864, after he lost his land in a card game. His name survives in the community of Castro Valley, located in the valley next to Hayward which Castro used to pasture his cattle. The ranch was split up and sold to various locals, William Hayward among them. William Hayward's fortunes took a turn for the grander when he constructed a resort hotel, which eventually grew to a hundred rooms. The surrounding area came to be called "Hayward's" after the hotel.

William Hayward eventually became the road commissioner for Alameda County. He used his authority to influence the construction of roads in his own favor. He was also an Alameda County Supervisor. In 1876, a town was chartered by the State of California under the name of "Haywards". The name of the post office was then able to change because of the loss of the apostrophe before the "s." This change occurred in 1880.[7] It remained "Haywards" until 1910 when the "s" was officially dropped. William Hayward died in 1891.

Hayward grew steadily throughout the late 19th century, with an economy based on agriculture and tourism. Important crops were tomatoes, peaches, cherries, and apricots. Chicken and pigeon raising also played important roles in the economy. A rail line between Oakland and San Jose, the South Pacific Coast Railroad, was established, but was destroyed in 1868 earthquake. It was rebuilt, and provided a vital commercial link to the markets. The Southern Pacific and Western Pacific transcontinental railroads also provided service to the Hayward area.

During the 1930s, the Harry Rowell Rodeo Ranch drew rodeo cowboys from across the continent, and western movie actors such as Slim Pickens and others from Hollywood.[8]

The 1940s and World War ll brought an economic and population boom to the area, as factories opened to manufacture war material. Many of the workers stayed after the end of the war. Two suburban tract housing pioneers, Oliver Rousseau and David D. Bohannon built most of the postwar housing in the Hayward area. Five years after Bohannon perfected the tract housing concept it was copied by the more famous Levittown.[citation needed]

The Hayward Air National Guard station was located at the Hayward Airport in 1942, until being reassigned to Moffett Field in 1980[9]

Mount Eden

historic location of Mount Eden, currently the intersection of Interstate 880 (vertical freeway) and State Route 92 (second overpass from top of photo)
Main article: Mount Eden, California

Schafer Park and Russell City

Schafer Park is named for A.W. Schafer, a German immigrant who purchased land in the area in the 1860s. The family sold its land to a real estate developer in the 1950s. Schafer Park was located between Hayward and Mount Eden.

Russell City was a former unincorporated community. It existed from 1853 until 1964. The location is now the proposed site of a natural gas fired power plant.[10]

Economy

Hunt Brothers Cannery

The economy of Hayward in the first half of the twentieth century was based largely on the Hunt Brothers Cannery, later known as Hunt-Wesson Foods. The cannery was opened in Hayward in 1895 by brothers William and Joseph Hunt, who were fruit packers originally from Sebastopol, California. The Hunts initially packed local fruit, including cherries, peaches, and apricots, then added tomatoes, which became the mainstay of their business. At its height in the 1960s and 1970s, Hunt's operated three canneries in Hayward, at A, B, and C Streets; an adjacent can-making company; a pickling factory; and a glass manufacturing plant. From the 1890s until its closure in 1981, Hunt's employed a large percentage of the local population. The air around Hayward was permeated by the smell of tomatos for three months of each year, during the canning season. The canneries closed in 1981 because there were no longer enough produce fields or fruit orchards near the cannery to make the plants economically feasible. Much of the production was moved to the Sacramento Valley.[citation needed]

Top Employers

According to the city's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[11] the top employers in the city, representing 7% of total city employment, are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Hayward Unified School District† 2,500
2 California State University, East Bay† 1,447
3 Kaiser Permanente 1,200
4 City of Hayward† 845
5 St. Rose Hospital† 842
6 Gillig† 700
7 Chabot College† 600
8 Marelich Mechanical 500
9 Bay Cities Auto Auction 500
10 Kobe Precision[12] 450
11 Injex Industries†[13] 425
12 Pepsi Beverages Company/Bottling Group[14] 400
13 Alameda Newspaper Group 300

† indicates employers wholly located or headquartered in Hayward

Two businesses which had significant employment in FY 2000-2001, Mervyns (2,000) and Pacific Bell (940), no longer operate in Hayward, with Mervyns having declared bankruptcy in 2008.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 163.3 km² (63.0 mi²). 114.8 km² (44.3 mi²) of it is land and 48.5 km² (18.7 mi²) of it (29.68%) is water. The Hayward Fault Zone runs through much of Hayward, including the downtown area. The United States Geologic Survey has stated that there is an "increasing likelihood" of a major earthquake on this fault zone, with potentially serious resulting damage. Hayward has a Mediterranean climate, and contains microclimates, both of which are features of the greater Bay Area. San Lorenzo Creek runs through the city. Hayward borders on a large number of municipalities and communities. The cities bordering on Hayward are Union City, Fremont and Pleasanton. The census designated places bordering on Hayward are Castro Valley, San Lorenzo, Cherryland, Sunol and Fairview. The unincorporated communities which border on Hayward are Carpenter, Baumberg, Sorenson and Halvern.

Demographics

As of 2010, there were 153,104 people, 44,804 households, and 31,945 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,219.6/km² (3,158.6/mi²). There were 45,922 housing units at an average density of 400.0/km² (1,035.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 33% White, 21% Black or African American, 0.84% Native American, 19% Asian, 1.91% Pacific Islander, 16.81% from other races, and 7.52% from two or more races. 34.17% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 44,804 households out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.58.

In the city the population was spread out with 26.8% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $60,689, and the median income for a family was $68,619. Males had a median income of $42,580 versus $38,796 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,439. About 7.6% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.[15]

Business

Southland Mall is the largest shopping center in Hayward. It houses the department stores Sears and Macy's, and other retailers. In addition to a Target store at the Skywest Commons mall, the city's major retailers include Home Depot and Office Depot. Hayward has a large number of manufacturing businesses. Kobe Steel operates Kobe Precision. PepsiCo operates a Bottling Group facility. The headquarters of the Shasta soft drink company is located in Hayward, as is the headquarters of school bus manufacturer the Gillig Corporation. The US branch of Bianchi Bicycles, Bianchi USA, operates out of Hayward.[16] A Costco Business Center is located there.[17] Nakagawa Manufacturing USA, a division of Nakagawa Manufacturing Company, Saitama, Japan, operates a facility in Hayward.[18] Manheim San Francisco Bay, a division of Manheim Auctions, operates in Hayward.[19] Role-playing game publisher Chaosium is based there. Azuma Foods International, a division of Azuma Foods, Mie, Japan, has its factory in Hayward.[20] Simms' Custom Cycles, founded by legendary custom motorcycle builder Ron Simms,[21] is located in Hayward.[22] Dust Networks is headquartered in Hayward. The US headquarters for Japan based Andersen Bakery is located in Hayward.[23] Etec Systems, Inc. operated in Hayward from 1970 until 2005, when it was closed by its parent company. AirLink Communications, a wireless service provider, operated in Hayward until its 2007 acquisition by Sierra Wireless.

Downtown Hayward

Main article: Downtown Hayward

Downtown Hayward is home to the current and two former City Halls, both now abandoned buildings, one of them the tallest building in downtown Hayward. The Hayward Public Library is located downtown, as were the Mervyns department store chain's main offices until the chain closed due to bankruptcy. The Hayward Area Historical Society operates a museum downtown, which is currently closed to the public until a move is completed.[24] The downtown area has Hayward's only movie theatre, at the Cinema Place complex.

Transportation

Aerial view of San Mateo-Hayward Bridge, with Hayward in the upper background

Hayward is served by Interstate 880 (formerly known as the Nimitz Freeway) and Interstate 238. Interstate 580 is just north of the city. It is also served by State Route 92 (Jackson Street) and State Route 238 (Mission Boulevard/Foothill Boulevard). State Route 92 continues west as the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge. The intersection of 880 and 92 is currently being reconstructed, with an anticipated completion date of fall 2011.[25] Mission Boulevard has been long known for chronic traffic congestion. Past proposals to convert Mission Boulevard to a freeway or build a 238 bypass have been controversial. One proposal, to build a freeway parallel to Mission Boulevard, effectively continuing 580 south where it turns east towards Castro Valley, and connecting to Industrial Boulevard, had land purchased, but was cancelled after years of debate. The land is now scheduled for sale and zoning.[26] Mission, Jackson and Foothill all converge at one congested intersection south of downtown, known as "Five Flags" for its line of flagpoles. Previous plans for this area included building an overpass.[citation needed] In part to alleviate congestion in the immediate downtown area, a plan has been established to convert A Street, Mission and Foothill to one-way thoroughfares counterclockwise, in addition to improvements for Mission Boulevard south to Industrial Boulevard, and for Foothill Boulevard north to 580. The Route 238 Corridor Improvement Project broke ground July 2010, with an expected completion date of 2012.[27] Hayward has a small airport, the Hayward Executive Airport. BART, the regional rapid transit system, has two stations in Hayward: the Hayward station, in the downtown district; and the South Hayward station, near the Hayward-Union City border. The AC Transit bus system, which provides bus service for Alameda County and Contra Costa County, operates in Hayward, and has a repair/training center located there. Amtrak, the national rail passenger system, provides daily service at its Hayward station for the Capitol Corridor train, which runs between San Jose and Auburn.

Hayward Executive Airport

Services

Hayward has two hospitals with emergency departments: St. Rose Hospital[28] and a Kaiser Hospital medical center.[29] Five cemeteries are located in Hayward: Chapel of the Chimes,[30] Lone Tree,[31] Mount Eden[32] Mount Saint Joseph (aka All Saints or Portuguese) Cemetery,[33] and Holy Sepulchre, the last two being Catholic cemeteries.[34] The Hayward Hall of Justice, a branch of the California Superior Court, is the largest full-service courthouse in Alameda County.[35] Horizon Services, which administers substance abuse recovery programs in Hayward and other regional locations, operates out of Hayward. Hayward has its own water and wastewater system, but a small northern portion of the city's water is managed by the East Bay Municipal Utility District.[36]

Education

Hayward is served by the Hayward Unified School District (HUSD),[37] which operates three high schools, Mount Eden High School, Tennyson High School, and Hayward High School. Additional high schools include the Eden Area Regional Occupational Program, the Leadership Public Schools-Hayward charter school, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation charter public high school, Impact Academy of Arts and Technology.[38] The New Haven Unified School District operates in Union City and Hayward, with the Conley-Caraballo High School serving South Hayward. The San Lorenzo Unified School District operates Royal Sunset High School within Hayward.[39] A large private high school, Moreau Catholic High School, is located in Hayward. HUSD operates five middle schools. Anthony W. Ochoa Middle School serves west Hayward. Bret Harte Middle School serves the Downtown Hayward and northern hills area. Chavez Middle school serves the Fairway Park and southern hills area. Martin Luther King Jr. Middle School serves the Mount Eden area. Winton Middle School serves west Hayward. Hayward is the recipient of a 2010 Promise Neighborhood grant from the United States Department of Education, through California State University, East Bay.[40][41]

California State University, East Bay (CSUEB) campus, overlooking Warren Hall and the Hayward flatlands

Hayward is home to the main campus of California State University, East Bay (CSUEB), formerly known as California State University, Hayward.[42] It is a public university within the California State University system.

Chabot College

Hayward is the home of Chabot College, a community college. The city has Everest and Heald College campuses.[43]

Parks

Hayward has four regional parks, all part of the East Bay Regional Park District: the Don Castro Regional Recreation Area, Dry Creek Pioneer Regional Park, the Hayward Regional Shoreline, and Garin Regional Park. Hayward is also home to the oldest Japanese garden in the United States designed along traditional lines. The 3.5 acre Japanese Gardens was created in the early 1970s.[44] The garden is administered by the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District (HARD), which operates a number of parks and facilities, including the Skywest and Mission Hills golf courses, John F. Kennedy Park, the Sulphur Creek Nature Center, the Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center, and the historic Hayward Plunge swim center, at the entrance to Green Belt and Hayward Memorial Parks.[45] HARD is the largest recreation district in California[46]

Historic landmarks

Hayward has three sites in the National Register of Historic Places: Meek Mansion, Green Shutter Hotel, and Eden Congregational Church. The three sites are also California Historical Landmarks.[47] Ukraina Honcharenko is the fourth Historical Landmark in the city.[48]

Media

Hayward has a daily newspaper, the Daily Review, part of the Bay Area based Alameda Newspaper Group. Local television stations, and AM and FM radio from Oakland and San Francisco reach Hayward, as do some stations from San Jose, Sacramento and Salinas. The city's cable TV carrier is Comcast. Chabot College's student radio station, KCRH, operates mostly within city limits.

Sports

The Bay Area Ambassadors soccer team is based in Hayward. The All Pro Wrestling professional wrestling promotion and training school is based in Hayward, and performs shows there.[49]

Notable people from Hayward

Hayward is the birthplace of, or has been a significant residence for the following people:

Sister cities

Hayward is the sister city of:

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Stanger, Frank M., ed. 1968. La Peninsula Vol. XIV No. 4, March 1968.
  3. ^ "Officially Designated Historic Buildings of Hayward". Hayward Area Historical Society. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
  4. ^ Gudde, Erwin G., "California Place Names" (4th Ed. 1998)
  5. ^ For example, see Kirkbride, Wayne, "Golden Dreams and the Success that Followed," Sierra Mountain Times, Retrieved on 2009-04-27; and GeoQuery: Places: USGS Geographic Name Information Server; TerraFly GeoQuery website, Retrieved on 2009-04-27
  6. ^ GNIS Detail – Hayward. Geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  7. ^ a b Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 641. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
  8. ^ [2]
  9. ^ [3]
  10. ^ Russell City Energy Center Amendment Proceeding. Energy.ca.gov. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  11. ^ "City of Hayward 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report"
  12. ^ Kobe Precision website
  13. ^ Injex Industries, Inc. – Contact. Injexindustries.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  14. ^ Pepsi Bottling Group, Hayward, at Macraes website
  15. ^ Hayward fact sheet at US Census Bureau
  16. ^ [4]
  17. ^ [5]
  18. ^ Nakagawa USA locations
  19. ^ [6]
  20. ^ http://www.azumafoods.com/about/overview.html
  21. ^ Art of the Chopper, Tom Zimberoff; Motorbooks International, 2003. pp. 193-206
  22. ^ Simms' contact information
  23. ^ Andersen Bakery website
  24. ^ Hayward Area Historical Society. Haywardareahistory.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  25. ^ SR-92/I-880 Interchange Reconstruction Project. I880corridor.com (2010-08-16). Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  26. ^ District 4 | State Route 238 Hayward Bypass Program. Dot.ca.gov. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  27. ^ Route 238 Corridor Improvement Project. Council Work Session, January 20, 2009
  28. ^ Excellence in Care. St. Rose Hospital. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  29. ^ Hayward Medical Center – Services and Locations – Kaiser Permanente. Members.kaiserpermanente.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  30. ^ Hayward Funeral Home | Cremation Services and Mausoleum | Lifemark Group. Chapelofthechimes.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  31. ^ Lone Tree Cemetery. Lone Tree Cemetery. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  32. ^ Mount Eden Cemetery – Alameda County, California. Interment.net. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  33. ^ Alameda County Genealogy – Cemeteries. Sfgenealogy.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  34. ^ Bay Area, California | Catholic Funeral and Cemetery Services – Holy Angels Holy Sepulchre – Hayward. CFCS Cemeteries. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  35. ^ [7]
  36. ^ EBMUD ward map, EBMUD website
  37. ^ Hayward Unified School District website
  38. ^ Impact Academy of Arts and Technology : Contact Us. Es-impact.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  39. ^ [8]
  40. ^ [9]
  41. ^ [10]
  42. ^ It's Official: CSU Trustees Vote Unanimously To Change University Name to 'Cal State East Bay'. Calstate.edu (2005-01-26). Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  43. ^ Heald College Hayward – Medical, Business, Dental and Technology Career Placement. Heald.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  44. ^ The Japanese Gardens. Dmtonline.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  45. ^ Hayward Area Recreation and Park District. Haywardrec.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  46. ^ Hayward Area Recreation and Park District. Haywardrec.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  47. ^ OHP Listed Resources. Ohp.parks.ca.gov. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  48. ^ OHP Listed Resources. Ohp.parks.ca.gov. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  49. ^ [11]
  50. ^ :: City of Hayward – The Heart of the Bay :: ACCESS HAYWARD. User.govoutreach.com (2006-10-06). Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
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