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| ''[[Ice Age 5: Collision Course#Sequel|Ice Age 29]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=foxanimation718.htm|title=Untitled Fox/Blue Sky (July 2018)|publisher=boxofficemojo|date=January 5, 2017}}</ref>
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Revision as of 04:06, 5 March 2017

Blue Sky Studios Inc.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryComputer animation
Motion pictures
FoundedFebruary 1987; 37 years ago (1987-02)
FoundersChris Wedge
Carl Ludwig
Eugene Troubetzkoy
Alison Brown
David Brown
Michael Ferraro
Headquarters
Greenwich, Connecticut
,
United States
Key people
Carlos Saldanha
Chris Wedge
Brian Keane (COO)[1]
Steve Martino
Owner21st Century Fox
Number of employees
600 (2015)[2]
Parent20th Century Fox
Websitewww.blueskystudios.com

Blue Sky Studios is an American computer animation film studio based in Greenwich, Connecticut. The studio was founded in 1987 by Michael Ferraro, Carl Ludwig, Alison Brown, David Brown, Chris Wedge and Eugene Troubetzkoy after the company they worked in, MAGI, one of the visual effects studios behind Tron (1982), shut down. Blue Sky Studios has been owned by 20th Century Fox since 1997. Using its in-house rendering software, the studio had worked on visual effects for commercials and films before completely dedicating itself to animated film production in 2002 with the release of Ice Age.

Ice Age and Rio are the studio's most successful franchises, while The Peanuts Movie is its most critically acclaimed film. Scrat, a character from the Ice Age films, is the studio's mascot.

History

1980–89: Formation and early computer animation

In the late 1970s, Chris Wedge, then an undergraduate at Purchase College studying film, was employed by Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. (MAGI). MAGI was an early computer technology company which produced SynthaVision, a software application that could replicate the laws of physics to measure nuclear radiation rays for U.S. government contracts.[3]: 12–13  At MAGI, Wedge met Eugene Troubetzkoy, who held a Ph.D in theoretical physics and was one of the first computer animators. Using his background in character animation, Wedge helped MAGI produce animation for television commercials, which eventually led to an offer from Walt Disney Productions to produce animation for the film Tron (1982). For Tron, MAGI hired Michael Ferraro, a systems architect, and Carl Ludwig, an electrical engineer.[3]: 13  As MAGI's success began to decline, the company employed David Brown from CBS/Fox Video to be a marketing executive and Alison Brown to be a managing producer.[3]: 12–13  After MAGI shut down, the six individuals—Wedge, Troubetzkoy, Ferraro, Ludwig, David Brown, and Alison Brown—founded Blue Sky Studios in February 1987 to continue their work in computer animation.[3]: 13 [4]

Ferraro began to build a programming language specifically tailored for Blue Sky's proprietary animation software, CGI Studio.[3]: 12–13  At the time, scanline renderers were prevalent in the computer graphics industry, and they required computer animators and digital artists to add lighting effects in manually;[3]: 13  Troubetzkoy, Ferraro, and Ludwig developed CGI Studio to use ray tracing,[5] which allows the renderer to simulate the physical properties of light and produce lighting effects automatically.[3]: 13–14  To accomplish this, Ludwig examined how light passes through water, ice, and crystal, and programmed those properties into the software.[3]: 13  Following the stock market crash of 1987, Blue Sky Studios did not find their first client until about two years later: a company "that wanted their logo animated so it would be seen flying over the ocean in front of a sunset."[3]: 13–14  In order to receive the commission, Blue Sky spent two days rendering a single frame and submitted it to the prospective client. However, once the client accepted their offer, Blue Sky found that they could not produce the entire animation in time without help from a local graphics studio, which provided them with extra computer processors.[3]: 14 

1989–2002: Television commercials, visual effects, and Bunny

Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, Blue Sky Studios concentrated on the production of television commercials and visual effects for film. The studio began by animating commercials that depicted the mechanisms of time-release capsules for pharmaceutical corporations. The studio also produced a Chock Full O' Nuts commercial with a talking coffee bean and developed the first computer-animated M&M's.[3]: 14  Using CGI Studio, the studio produced over 200 other commercials for clients such as Chrysler, General Foods, Texaco, and the United States Marines.[6] Blue Sky Studios also produced the computer animation for the "Mathman" video game segments of PBS's Square One Television.[3]: 14 

In the mid-1990s, MTV hired Blue Sky Studios to animate their network IDs, which led to additional collaboration between the two companies on the film Joe's Apartment (1996), for which Blue Sky animated the insect characters. Other clients included Bell Atlantic, Rayovac, Gillette, and Braun.[3]: 14  The Braun commercial was awarded a CLIO Award for Advertising.[3]: 14  Recalling the award, Carl Ludwig stated that the judges had initially mistaken the commercial as a live action submission as a result of the photorealism of the computer-animated razor.[5][7] In August 1997, 20th Century Fox's Los Angeles-based visual effects company, VIFX, acquired majority interest in Blue Sky Studios to form a new visual effects and animation company, temporarily renamed "Blue Sky/VIFX".[8] Following the studio's expansion, Blue Sky produced character animation for the films Alien: Resurrection (1997), A Simple Wish (1997), Mousehunt (1997), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998), and Fight Club (1999).[3]: 15 

Meanwhile, starting in 1990, Chris Wedge had been working on a short film named Bunny, intended to demonstrate CGI Studio. The film revolves around a rabbit widow who is irritated by a moth. The moth subsequently leads the rabbit into "a heavenly glow, reuniting her with her husband."[3]: 15  At the time, Wedge had been the thesis advisor for Carlos Saldanha while Saldanha was a graduate student at the School of Visual Arts; Wedge shared storyboard panels for Bunny with Saldanha during this time. After Saldanha's graduation, Blue Sky Studios hired him as an animator, and he later directed a few commercials. It was not until 1996 when Nina Rappaport, a producer at Blue Sky Studios, assigned Wedge to complete the Bunny project, which required CGI Studio to render fur, glass, and metal from multiple light sources, such as a swinging light bulb and an "ethereal cloudscape". In the initial stages of the Bunny project, Carl Ludwig modified CGI Studio to simulate radiosity, which tracks light rays as they reflect off of multiple surfaces. Blue Sky Studios released Bunny in 1998, and it received the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. Bunny's success gave Blue Sky Studios the opportunity to produce feature length films.[3]: 15 

2002–present: Feature films

Blue Sky Studio's logo prior to 2013

Due to the F/X market crash, Fox decided to leave the visual effects business. In March 1999, they sold VIFX to another visual effects house, Rhythm & Hues Studios,[9] and considered selling Blue Sky next. At the time, the studio got the opportunity with the Ice Age script to turn it into a comedy. In 2002, Ice Age was released to great critical and commercial success. The film got a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, and established Blue Sky as the third studio, after Pixar and DreamWorks Animation, to launch a successful CGI franchise.[10]

In January 2009, the studio moved from White Plains, New York to Greenwich, Connecticut.[11]

In 2013, Chris Wedge took a leave of absence to direct Paramount Animation's live-action/computer-animated film Monster Trucks.[12]

Filmography

Feature films

Released films

# Title Release date Budget[13] Gross[13] RT MC[14]
1 Ice Age March 15, 2002 $59 million $383 million 77% 60
2 Robots March 11, 2005 $75 million $260 million 64% 64
3 Ice Age: The Meltdown March 31, 2006 $80 million $660 million 57% 58
4 Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who! March 14, 2008 $85 million $297 million 79% 71
5 Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs July 1, 2009 $90 million $886 million 45% 50
6 Rio April 15, 2011 $90 million $484 million 72% 63
7 Ice Age: Continental Drift July 13, 2012 $95 million $877 million 37% 49
8 Epic May 24, 2013 $93 million $268 million 64% 52
9 Rio 2 April 11, 2014 $103 million $500 million 46% 49
10 The Peanuts Movie November 6, 2015 $99 million $246 million 87% 67
11 Ice Age: Collision Course July 22, 2016 $105 million $408 million 15% 34

Upcoming films

Title Release date Refs.
Ferdinand December 15, 2017 [15][16][17][18]
Anubis March 23, 2018 [15][19][20]
Untitled film July 20, 2018 [21]
Pigeon Impossible January 18, 2019 [22][23][24]

Films in development

Title Refs.
Mutts [25][26][27]
Alienology [28]
Frogkisser! [29]
Ice Age 6 [30]
Ice Age 7 [31]
Ice Age 8 [32]
Ice Age 9 [33]
Ice Age 10 [34]
Ice Age 11 [35]
Ice Age 12 [36]
Ice Age 13 [37]
Ice Age 14 [38]
Ice Age 15 [39]
Ice Age 16 [40]
Ice Age 17 [41]
Ice Age 18 [42]
Ice Age 19 [43]
Ice Age 20 [44]
Ice Age 21 [45]
Ice Age 22 [46]
Ice Age 23 [47]
Ice Age 24 [48]
Ice Age 25 [49]
Ice Age 26 [50]
Ice Age 27 [51]
Ice Age 28 [52]
Ice Age 29 [53]
Ice Age 30 [54]
Ice Age 31 [55]
Ice Age 32 [56]
Ice Age 33 [57]
Ice Age 34 [58]
Ice Age 35 [59]
Ice Age 36 [60]
Ice Age 37 [61]
Ice Age 38 [62]
Ice Age 39 [63]
Ice Age 40 [64]
Ice Age 41 [65]

Television specials

# Title Release date
1 Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas November 24, 2011
2 Ice Age: The Great Egg-Scapade[66] March 20, 2016

Short films

# Title Release date
1 Bunny 1998
2 Gone Nutty November 26, 2002
3 Aunt Fanny's Tour of Booty September 27, 2005
4 No Time for Nuts November 21, 2006
5 Surviving Sid December 9, 2008
6 Umbrellacorn [67][68] July 26, 2013
7 Cosmic Scrat-tastrophe [69] November 6, 2015
8 Scrat: Spaced Out[70][71] October 11, 2016

Contributions

Accolades

Academy Awards

Year Film Category Winner/Nominee(s) Result
1998 Bunny Best Animated Short Film Chris Wedge Won
2002 Ice Age Best Animated Feature Chris Wedge Nominated
2011 Rio Best Original Song "Real in Rio" Nominated

Golden Globe Awards

Year Film Category Winner/Nominee(s) Result
2015 The Peanuts Movie Best Animated Feature Film Steve Martino Nominated

See also

References

  1. ^ "Vanessa Morrison Re-Ups With Fox, Brian Keane With Blue Sky After 'Ice Age 4′". Deadline. July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  2. ^ Kenny, Charles (May 15, 2015). "What Blue Sky Studios Taught Me: The Movie is Just the Tip of a Very Big Iceberg". Animation Scoop. Retrieved May 15, 2015. At about 600 people,...
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Friedman, Jake S. (2014). The Art of Blue Sky Studios. San Rafael, California: Insight Editions. ISBN 9781608873173.
  4. ^ Dumas, Timothy (October 2010). "Animation Domination". Greenwich Magazine. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Our Story: Blue Sky Studios". Blue Sky Studios. Blue Sky Studios. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Ohmer, Susan (May 1, 1997). "Ray Tracers: Blue Sky Studios". Animation World Network. Retrieved September 29, 2006.
  7. ^ Mellor, Louisa (July 14, 2016). "The 'Ice Age' franchise never would've happened without this movie". Business Insider. Business Insider. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  8. ^ "Imaginative Pix takes interest in Blue Sky". Variety. August 27, 1997. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  9. ^ Graser, Marc (March 3, 1999). "Fox to sell visual F/X division to R&H". Variety. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  10. ^ Fritz, Ben (May 2, 2008). "Fox animation soars under Blue Sky". Variety. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  11. ^ Strike, Joe (January 28, 2009). "Checking Out Blue Sky's New Connecticut Studio". Animation World Network. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  12. ^ Finke, Nikki (July 31, 2013). "Paramount Animation Plans 'Monster Trucks' Live Action-Toon Franchise: In Final Talks With Blue Sky's Chris Wedge To Direct". deadline.com. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Blue Sky Movies at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  14. ^ "Blue Sky Studios's Profile". Metacritic. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  15. ^ a b Chitwood, Adam (May 16, 2013). "DreamWorks Animation Moves B.O.O. Release Up to June 5, 2015 and TROLLS to November 4, 2016; Fox Dates ANUBIS and FERDINAND". Collider.com. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  16. ^ Brodesser-Akner, Claude (February 18, 2011). "Fox, Ice Age Director Bullish on The Story of Ferdinand". New York. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
  17. ^ McClintock, Pamela (August 9, 2016). "'Croods 2' Release Delayed Amid DreamWorks Animation Sale". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 10, 2016. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ "Release Schedule - New Dates & Changes". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
  19. ^ "Ice Age 5 Set for July 15, 2016, Anubis Moves to 2018". ComingSoon.net. December 20, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  20. ^ Siegel, Tatiana (April 13, 2008). "Fox Animation weaves 'Tapestry'". Variety. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  21. ^ "Untitled Fox/Blue Sky (July 2018)". boxofficemojo. January 5, 2017.
  22. ^ Fox Consumer Products (August 23, 2016). "TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX CONSUMER PRODUCTS - BLE 2016 PREVIEW STATEMENT" (Press release). Virtual Press Office. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  23. ^ "Pigeon Impossible". Box Office Mojo (2019). Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  24. ^ Pigeon Impossible at IMDb
  25. ^ Kit, Borys (July 22, 2011). "'Mutts' Comic Strip Headed to Big Screen From 20th Century Fox (Exclusive)". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  26. ^ Millero, Ralph (November 2, 2011). "Ralph Millero's Photos". Facebook. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  27. ^ Cavna, Michael (November 22, 2014). "MUTTS ADO ABOUT 'NOTHING': Patrick McDonnell gives the gift of warmth in wonderful 'Mutts' musical's Kennedy Center world premiere". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  28. ^ Kroll, Justin; Abrams, Rachel (October 25, 2012). "'Rio' helmer Carlos Saldanha inks Fox pact". Variety. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
  29. ^ Ford, Rebecca (September 28, 2016). "Fox Animation, Blue Sky Adapting Princess and the Frog Tale 'Frogkisser!' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
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  66. ^ Evry, Max (February 22, 2016). "Ice Age: The Great Egg-Scapade is Coming to FOX". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  67. ^ "Umbrellacorn (2013)". Blue Sky Studios. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  68. ^ "Umbrellacorn". Rooftop Films. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  69. ^ Truitt, Brian (November 6, 2015). "Sneak peek: Scrat heads to space for 'Ice Age' short". USA Today. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  70. ^ "Ice Age: Collision Course 4K Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. August 30, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  71. ^ Ice Age Movies (August 30, 2016). "#IceAge #CollisionCourse is coming to Blu-ray & DVD Oct. 11 with all-new heroes, worlds and adventures! Here's your exclusive sneak peek at a Special Feature". Facebook. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  72. ^ a b c d SGI (April 4, 2002). "Blue Sky Is Red Hot With Ice Age" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  73. ^ "Blue Sky Studios' fully-CG xenomorph adds new menace to infamous alien". American Cinematographer. The American Society of Cinematographers. November 1997. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  74. ^ Patten, Fred (November 12, 2014). "Book Review: The Art of Blue Sky Studios". Animation World Network. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  75. ^ Leigh, Danny (August 2000). "Jesus' Son (1999)". Sight & Sound. British Film Institute. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  76. ^ Lambie, Ryan (October 2, 2014). "The Art Of Blue Sky Studios review". Den of Geek. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  77. ^ Mink, Eric (April 13, 2000). "The Brains Behind the Talking Fish". New York Daily News. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
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  79. ^ MacFarlane, Seth (2006). Family Guy season 4 DVD commentary for the episode "Sibling Rivalry" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  80. ^ Lowe, R. Kinsey (April 3, 2006). "`Ice Age': It came, thawed, conquered". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 1, 2015.

Further reading

  • Friedman, Jake S. (2014). The Art of Blue Sky Studios. San Rafael, California: Insight Editions. ISBN 9781608873173.
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