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Greece is located at the complex boundary zone in the eastern Mediterranean between the [[African Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]]. The northern part of Greece lies on the Eurasian Plate while the southern part lies on the [[Aegean Sea Plate]]. The Aegean Sea Plate is moving southwestward with respect to the Eurasian Plate at about 30&nbsp;mm/yr while the African Plate is [[Subduction|subducting]] northwards beneath the Aegean Sea Plate at a rate of about 40&nbsp;mm/yr. The northern plate boundary is a relatively diffuse [[divergent boundary]] while the southern [[convergent boundary]] forms the [[Hellenic arc]].<ref name="USGS_Tectonic_Summary"/>
Greece is located at the complex boundary zone in the eastern Mediterranean between the [[African Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]]. The northern part of Greece lies on the Eurasian Plate while the southern part lies on the [[Aegean Sea Plate]]. The Aegean Sea Plate is moving southwestward with respect to the Eurasian Plate at about 30&nbsp;mm/yr while the African Plate is [[Subduction|subducting]] northwards beneath the Aegean Sea Plate at a rate of about 40&nbsp;mm/yr. The northern plate boundary is a relatively diffuse [[divergent boundary]] while the southern [[convergent boundary]] forms the [[Hellenic arc]].<ref name="USGS_Tectonic_Summary"/>


These two plate boundaries give rise to two contrasting tectonic styles, [[extensional tectonics|extension]] on east-west trending fault zones with [[strike-slip tectonics]] on SW-NE trending fault zones throughout [[West Greece|west]] and [[central Greece]], [[Peloponnese]] and the northern [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] and [[Thrust tectonics|contractional]] in the southern Aegean, continuing around to the [[Ionian islands]]. The [[south Aegean]] is the location of the volcanic arc and is characterised by extension. To the east of [[Crete]] along the Hellenic Arc, [[strike-slip tectonics]] with some extension become important.<ref name="USGS_Tectonic_Summary">{{Cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/greece/tectonic_summary.php|title=Tectonic Summary of Greece|last=USGS|date=29 March 2010|accessdate=26 July 2010}}</ref>
These two plate boundaries give rise to two contrasting tectonic styles, [[extensional tectonics|extension]] on east-west trending fault zones with [[strike-slip tectonics]] on SW-NE trending fault zones throughout [[West Greece|west]] and [[central Greece]], [[Peloponnese]] and the northern [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] and [[Thrust tectonics|contractional]] in the southern Aegean, continuing around to the [[Ionian islands]]. The [[south Aegean]] is the location of the volcanic arc and is characterised by extension. To the east of [[Crete]] along the Hellenic Arc, [[strike-slip tectonics]] with some extension become important.<ref name="USGS_Tectonic_Summary">{{Cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/greece/tectonic_summary.php |title=Tectonic Summary of Greece |last=USGS |date=29 March 2010 |accessdate=26 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729002223/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/greece/tectonic_summary.php |archivedate=29 July 2010 |df= }}</ref>


The strongest earthquakes historically are those associated with the Hellenic Arc, although none larger than about 7.2 have been observed instrumentally. The events of AD 365 and 1303 are likely to have been much larger than this. In mainland Greece, normal faulting gives earthquakes up to 7 in magnitude, while in the northern Aegean, strike-slip events with a magnitude of 7.2 have been recorded. Large intermediate depth (>50&nbsp;km) earthquakes of magnitude >7 from within the subducting African Plate have been recorded but such events cause little damage, although they are widely felt.<ref name="USGS_Tectonic_Summary"/>
The strongest earthquakes historically are those associated with the Hellenic Arc, although none larger than about 7.2 have been observed instrumentally. The events of AD 365 and 1303 are likely to have been much larger than this. In mainland Greece, normal faulting gives earthquakes up to 7 in magnitude, while in the northern Aegean, strike-slip events with a magnitude of 7.2 have been recorded. Large intermediate depth (>50&nbsp;km) earthquakes of magnitude >7 from within the subducting African Plate have been recorded but such events cause little damage, although they are widely felt.<ref name="USGS_Tectonic_Summary"/>
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| <ref name="USGS2008">{{Cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2008/us2008taaw/#summary |title=Magnitude 6.4 - GREECE 8 June 2008 12:25:30 UTC |last=USGS |accessdate=25 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114030940/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2008/us2008taaw/ |archivedate=14 January 2010 |df= }}</ref>
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| [[2008 Dodecanese earthquake|2008-07-15]]
| [[2008 Dodecanese earthquake|2008-07-15]]

Revision as of 09:06, 21 May 2017

This list of earthquakes in Greece includes notable earthquakes that have affected Greece during recorded history. This list is currently incomplete, representing only a fraction of the possible events.

Tectonic setting

Greece is located at the complex boundary zone in the eastern Mediterranean between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The northern part of Greece lies on the Eurasian Plate while the southern part lies on the Aegean Sea Plate. The Aegean Sea Plate is moving southwestward with respect to the Eurasian Plate at about 30 mm/yr while the African Plate is subducting northwards beneath the Aegean Sea Plate at a rate of about 40 mm/yr. The northern plate boundary is a relatively diffuse divergent boundary while the southern convergent boundary forms the Hellenic arc.[1]

These two plate boundaries give rise to two contrasting tectonic styles, extension on east-west trending fault zones with strike-slip tectonics on SW-NE trending fault zones throughout west and central Greece, Peloponnese and the northern Aegean and contractional in the southern Aegean, continuing around to the Ionian islands. The south Aegean is the location of the volcanic arc and is characterised by extension. To the east of Crete along the Hellenic Arc, strike-slip tectonics with some extension become important.[1]

The strongest earthquakes historically are those associated with the Hellenic Arc, although none larger than about 7.2 have been observed instrumentally. The events of AD 365 and 1303 are likely to have been much larger than this. In mainland Greece, normal faulting gives earthquakes up to 7 in magnitude, while in the northern Aegean, strike-slip events with a magnitude of 7.2 have been recorded. Large intermediate depth (>50 km) earthquakes of magnitude >7 from within the subducting African Plate have been recorded but such events cause little damage, although they are widely felt.[1]

Earthquakes

Date Place Lat Lon Deaths M I Comments Sources
464 BC Sparta 37.08 22.43 ~20,000 7.2 Ms
426 BC Euboic Gulf 38.87 22.62 The historian Thucydides concluded that the tsunami was caused by the earthquake, the first to recognize such a link [2]
226 BC Rhodes 36.43 28.21 Toppled the Colossus of Rhodes
365-07-21 Crete, Alexandria 35.0 23.0 Many thousands 8.5+ Raised part of Crete 9 metres, causing severe damage and triggering a tsunami that devastated Alexandria
515 Rhodes Ambraseys states that the death toll in this nighttime event was high and that the damage was severe [3]
Dec 856 Corinth 37.9 22.9 45,000 [4]
1303-08-08 Crete, Alexandria 35.0 27.0 Many thousands ~8 IX Triggered a major tsunami; severely damaged the Lighthouse of Alexandria
1481-05-03 Rhodes 36.0 28.0 30,000 7.1 Ms X
1810-02-16 Crete, Heraklion 35.5 25.6 2,000 7.5 Mw X
1840-10-30 Zakynthos 38 21 12 X NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1856-10-12 Rhodes, Crete 35.5 26 538 XI 8,000 homes destroyed / tsunami NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1867-02-04 Cephalonia 38.4 20.2 200 7.9 X NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1867-03-07 Lesbos 39.2 26.4 500 7.0 NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1881-04-03 Chios, Çeşme, Alaçatı 38.25 26.25 7,866 6.5–7.3 XI
1886-08-27 Filiatra 37.1 21.5 600 7.5 X Tsunami NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1894-04-27 Atalanti 38.7 23.1 255 6.9 XI Two earthquakes, 7days apart NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1928-04-22 Corinth 38 23 20 6.0 Ms IX 3,000 homes destroyed / tsunami NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1932-09-26 Ierissos 39.8 23.8 491 7.0 [5]
1933-04-23 Kos 36.8 27.3 74 6.6 IX–X [6]
1953-08-12 Cephalonia, Zakynthos 38.2 20.6 476 7.2 Ms [7]
1956-07-09 Dodecanese 36.664 25.957 56 7.7 Mw Triggered a tsunami that affected the entire Aegean Sea [8]
1968-02-19 Agean Sea 39.37 24.96 20 7.2 Mw X Limited damage NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1978-06-20 Thessaloniki 40.74 23.23 47 6.5 Mw [9]
1981-02-24 Gulf of Corinth 38.22 22.93 22 6.7 Ms VIII [10]
1986-09-13 Kalamata 37.01 22.18 20 6.0 Mw X [11]
1995-05-13 Grevena/Kozani, Western Macedonia 40.15 21.70 6.6 Mw VIII 25 injured / $450 million in damage NGDC harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFNGDC (help)
1999-09-07 Athens 38.11 23.60 143 6.0 Mw [12]
2006-01-08 Kythira 36.30 23.36 6.8 Mw [13]
2008-06-08 Peloponnese 38.03 21.46 2 6.5 Mw [14]
2008-07-15 Dodecanese 35.93 27.81 1 6.4 Mw VII
2009-07-01 Crete 34.14 25.29 6.4 Mw [15]
2014-05-24 Limnos 38.11 23.60 1 6.9 Mw VIII
2015-11-17 Lefkada 38.67 20.6 2 6.5 Mw VII [16]

References

  1. ^ a b c USGS (29 March 2010). "Tectonic Summary of Greece". Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Antonopoulos, J. (1992). "The Tsunami of 426 BC in the Maliakos Gulf, Eastern Greece" (PDF). Natural Hazards. 5: 83–93. doi:10.1007/BF00127141. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
  3. ^ Ambraseys, N. (2009). Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0521872928.
  4. ^ IISEENET (Information Network of Earthquake disaster Prevention Technologies) - Search Page
  5. ^ Pavlides, S.B.; Tranos M.D. (1991). "Structural characteristics of two strong earthquakes in the North Aegean: Ierissos (1932) and Agios Efstratios (1968)" (PDF). Journal of Structural Geology. 13 (2): 205–214. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(91)90067-s. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  6. ^ Utsu 2002, p. 705
  7. ^ Papazachos, B.C. (1996). "Large seismic faults in the Hellenic Arc" (PDF). Annali di Geofisica. 39: 891–903.
  8. ^ NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  9. ^ CALTECH (19 February 2008). "The Salonica (Thessaloniki) Earthquake of June 20, 1978". Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  10. ^ NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  11. ^ USGS. "M6.0 - southern Greece". United States Geological Survey.
  12. ^ USGS (6 April 2004). "Magnitude 6.0 GREECE 1999 September 07 11:56:49 UTC". Retrieved 25 July 2010.
  13. ^ "Magnitude 6.8 - Southern Greece: 8 January 2006 11:34:55 UTC", Earthquake Hazard Program, United States Geological Survey
  14. ^ USGS. "Magnitude 6.4 - GREECE 8 June 2008 12:25:30 UTC". Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 25 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "M6.4 - Crete, Greece". USGS. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  16. ^ USGS. "M6.5 - 10km WSW of Nidri, Greece". United States Geological Survey.

Sources

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