Jump to content

Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Reverted good faith edits by 2600:1005:B12E:2596:D466:AAC4:33C:2CB3 (talk): Bad way to show a source. (TW)
Cody MR (talk | contribs)
6 edits
No edit summary
Tag: references removed
Line 1: Line 1:
⚫
clipse of 2017: An Outreach Opportunity and Challenge
{{Infobox solar eclipse|2017Aug21}}
⚫
| te = Ju pse occurs when the [[Moon]] passes between [[Earth]] and the [[Sun]], thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's [[apparent diameter]] is larger than the Sun's, blo partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometers wide.
A [[solar eclipse#Types|total solar eclipse]] will occur on Monday, August 21, 2017. It will be visible in totality only within a band across the entire [[contiguous United States]].<ref name=aspcs>{{Cite journal
| author = Fraknoi, A.
| author2 = Schatz, D.; Shore, L.
| year = 2015
⚫
| title = The Great American Eclipse of 2017: An Outreach Opportunity and Challenge
| journal = [[Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series]]
| volume = 500, Celebrating Science: Putting Education Best Practices to Work
| page = 55
| url = http://aspbooks.org/publications/500/055.pdf
| access-date = July 3, 2017
}}</ref> The previous time a total solar eclipse was visible across the entire contiguous United States was during the [[Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918|June 8, 1918 eclipse]].

⚫
A solar eclipse occurs when the [[Moon]] passes between [[Earth]] and the [[Sun]], thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's [[apparent diameter]] is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometers wide.


This eclipse is the 22nd of the 77 members of [[Solar Saros 145|Saros series 145]], which also produced the [[solar eclipse of August 11, 1999]]. Members of this series are increasing in duration. The longest eclipse in this series will occur on June 25, 2522 and last for 7 minutes and 12 seconds.
This eclipse is the 22nd of the 77 members of [[Solar Saros 145|Saros series 145]], which also produced the [[solar eclipse of August 11, 1999]]. Members of this series are increasing in duration. The longest eclipse in this series will occur on June 25, 2522 and last for 7 minutes and 12 seconds.

Revision as of 14:25, 27 July 2017

clipse of 2017: An Outreach Opportunity and Challenge
| te = Ju pse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blo  partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometers wide.

This eclipse is the 22nd of the 77 members of Saros series 145, which also produced the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999. Members of this series are increasing in duration. The longest eclipse in this series will occur on June 25, 2522 and last for 7 minutes and 12 seconds.

Visibility

The total eclipse will have a magnitude of 1.0306 and will be visible from a narrow corridor through the United States. It will be first seen from land in the US shortly after 10:15 a.m. PDT at Oregon's Pacific coast, and then it will progress eastward through Salem, OR, Casper, WY, Lincoln, NE, Kansas City, Nashville, TN, Columbia, SC, and finally Charleston, SC. A partial eclipse will be seen for a greater time period, beginning shortly after 9:00 a.m. PDT along the Pacific Coast of Oregon.

The longest duration of totality will be 2 minutes 41.6 seconds at about 37°35′0″N 89°7′0″W / 37.58333°N 89.11667°W / 37.58333; -89.11667 in Giant City State Park, just south of Carbondale, Illinois, and the greatest extent (width) will be at 36°58′0″N 87°40′18″W / 36.96667°N 87.67167°W / 36.96667; -87.67167 near the village of Cerulean, Kentucky, located in between Hopkinsville, KY and Princeton, KY.[1][2] This will be the first total solar eclipse visible from the Southeastern United States since the solar eclipse of March 7, 1970, which was only visible from Florida.

A partial solar eclipse will be seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including all of North America, northern South America, Western Europe, and some of Africa.

Detailed map of the path in the United States

This eclipse will be the first total solar eclipse visible from the United States since the solar eclipse of July 11, 1991[3] (which was seen only from part of Hawaii),[4] and the first visible from the contiguous United States since 1979.[5]

The path of totality of the solar eclipse of February 26, 1979 passed only through the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota. Many visitors traveled to the Pacific Northwest to view the eclipse, since it was the last chance to view a total solar eclipse in the contiguous United States for almost four decades.[6][7]

Some American scientists and interested amateurs seeking to experience a total eclipse participated in a four-day Atlantic Ocean cruise to view the solar eclipse of July 10, 1972 as it passed near Nova Scotia. Organizers of the cruise advertised in astronomical journals and in planetarium announcements emphasizing the lack of future U.S. total eclipses until this 2017 event.[8]

The August 2017 eclipse will be the first with a path of totality crossing the US's Pacific coast and Atlantic coast since 1918. Also, its path of totality makes landfall exclusively within the United States, making it the first such eclipse since the country's independence in 1776. (The path of totality of the eclipse of June 13, 1257, was the last to make landfall exclusively on lands currently part of the US.[9])

The path of this eclipse crosses the path of the upcoming total solar eclipse of April 8, 2024, with the intersection of the two paths being in southern Illinois in Makanda Township at Cedar Lake just south of Carbondale. A small land area, including the cities of Makanda, Carbondale, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and Paducah, Kentucky, will thus experience two total solar eclipses within a span of fewer than seven years.

The solar eclipse of August 12, 2045 will have a very similar path of totality over the US, about 400 km (250 mi) to the southwest, also crossing the US's Pacific coast and Atlantic coast; however, duration of totality will last over twice as long.[10]

An eclipse of comparable length (up to 3 minutes 8 seconds) occurred over the contiguous United States on March 7, 1970 along the southeast US coast, from Florida to Virginia.[11]

Total eclipse viewing events

Oregon

Idaho

Wyoming

  • Casper, Wyoming – The Astronomical League, an alliance of amateur astronomy clubs, will hold its annual Astrocon conference,[18] and there will be other public events, called Wyoming Eclipse Festival 2017.[19]

Nebraska

Missouri

Illinois

Kentucky

Tennessee

North Carolina

South Carolina

Viewing from outside the United States

Canada

A partial eclipse will be visible across the width of Canada, ranging from 89% in Victoria, British Columbia to 11% in Resolute, Nunavut.[38]

Central America, Mexico, Caribbean islands

A partial eclipse will be visible from Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean islands.

Europe

The boundaries of the sunset partial eclipse in Western Europe. Calculation with EclipseDroid with atmospheric refraction.

In northwestern Europe, the eclipse will only be visible as a partial eclipse, in the evening or at sunset. Only Iceland, Ireland and Scotland will see the eclipse from beginning to end; in the rest of the UK, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain and Portugal, sunset will occur before the end of the eclipse. In Germany, the beginning of the eclipse will be potentially visible just at sunset only in the extreme northwest of the country. In all regions east of the orange line in the map, the eclipse will be invisible.[39]

Online Viewing Events

Images

  • Animation
    Animation
  • Another Animation
    Another Animation
  • Umbra (black oval), penumbra (concentric shaded ovals), and path of totality (red).
  • High resolution map of the path in the United States.
    High resolution map of the path in the United States.
  • This video features several visualizations of the event.

Impact

The eclipse will cause a reduction of solar power where the shadow reaches solar panels. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation measures impacts of this event,[42] and predicts minor impacts.[43] In California, solar power may decrease by 6,000 Megawatt at 70 MW/minute, and then ramp up by 90 MW/minute as the shadow passes. CAISO’s typical ramp rate is 29 megawatts per minute.[44] The Solar eclipse of March 20, 2015 caused manageable solar power decreases in Europe;[45] in Germany, solar power dropped from 14 GW to 7 GW, of a 38 GW solar power capacity.[46]

Public recognitions

On June 20, 2017,[47] the United States Postal Service released the first application of thermochromic ink to postage stamps in its Total Eclipse of the Sun Forever stamp[48] to commemorate the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017. When pressed with a finger, body heat turns the black circle in the center of the stamp into an image of the full moon. The stamp image is a photo of a total solar eclipse seen in Jalu, Libya, on March 29, 2006. The photo was taken by retired NASA astrophysicist Fred Espenak.

A partial lunar eclipse will take place on August 7, 2017. It will be visible over eastern Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia.

Solar eclipses 2015–2018

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[49]

The partial solar eclipse on July 13, 2018 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2015 to 2018
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
120

Totality in Longyearbyen, Svalbard 		March 20, 2015

Total 		0.94536 125

Solar Dynamics Observatory
September 13, 2015

Partial 		−1.10039
130

Balikpapan, Indonesia 		March 9, 2016

Total 		0.26092 135

Annularity in L'Étang-Salé, Réunion 		September 1, 2016

Annular 		−0.33301
140

Partial from Buenos Aires, Argentina 		February 26, 2017

Annular 		−0.45780 145

Totality in Madras, OR, USA 		August 21, 2017

Total 		0.43671
150

Partial in Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina 		February 15, 2018

Partial 		−1.21163 155

Partial in Huittinen, Finland 		August 11, 2018

Partial 		1.14758

Saros series 145

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 77 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on January 4, 1639. It contains an annular eclipse on June 6, 1891; a hybrid eclipse on June 17, 1909; and total eclipses from June 29, 1927 through September 9, 2648. The series ends at member 77 as a partial eclipse on April 17, 3009. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 15 at 6 seconds (by default) on June 6, 1891, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 12 seconds on June 25, 2522. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[50]

Series members 10–32 occur between 1801 and 2200:
10 11 12

April 13, 1801
April 24, 1819
May 4, 1837
13 14 15

May 16, 1855
May 26, 1873
June 6, 1891
16 17 18

June 17, 1909
June 29, 1927
July 9, 1945
19 20 21

July 20, 1963
July 31, 1981
August 11, 1999
22 23 24

August 21, 2017
September 2, 2035
September 12, 2053
25 26 27

September 23, 2071
October 4, 2089
October 16, 2107
28 29 30

October 26, 2125
November 7, 2143
November 17, 2161
31 32

November 28, 2179
December 9, 2197

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

20 eclipse events between June 10, 1964 and August 21, 2036
June 10–11 March 28–29 January 14–16 November 3 August 21–22
117 119 121 123 125

June 10, 1964
March 28, 1968
January 16, 1972
November 3, 1975
August 22, 1979
127 129 131 133 135

June 11, 1983
March 29, 1987
January 15, 1991
November 3, 1994
August 22, 1998
137 139 141 143 145

June 10, 2002
March 29, 2006
January 15, 2010
November 3, 2013
August 21, 2017
147 149 151 153 155

June 10, 2021
March 29, 2025
January 14, 2029
November 3, 2032
August 21, 2036

References

  1. ^ "2017 August 21 Total Solar Eclipse". USNO. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  2. ^ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEplot/SEplot2001/SE2017Aug21T.GIF
  3. ^ "The Great Baja Eclipse", Discover January 1991. p. 90.
  4. ^ Total and Annular Solar Eclipse Paths 1981–2000
  5. ^ Total and Annular Solar Eclipse Paths 1961–1980
  6. ^ "Thousands Go West for a Total Solar Eclipse Tomorrow; Data May Aid Energy Research Partial Eclipse for New York Best Types of Film Image of Sun on Screen", The New York Times February 25, 1979. p. 26.
  7. ^ Browne, Malcom W. (February 27, 1979). "Total Eclipse of the Sun Darkens Skies in Northwest; Total Eclipse Casts Two Minutes of Darkness in West Temperature Falls Sharply Learned of Weather Peculiarities Data on Plasma Sought". The New York Times. p. C4. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  8. ^ Schrag, Philip (July 30, 1972). "Let There Be Darkness, Please; When Mercury Is at Quadrature, the Social Director Is a Lonely Man For Two Extremely Short Minutes Everyone Gaped Into the Sky". The New York Times. p. 15. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  9. ^ http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=12570613
  10. ^ Google Earth Gallery for Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Xavier M. Jubier, 2011
  11. ^ Total Solar Eclipse of 1970 Mar 07, Fred Espenak
  12. ^ Quintana, Pedro (November 4, 2016). "Thousands will flock to Madras to view solar eclipse: City gearing up for space, shuttles next August". KTVZ. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  13. ^ "Eclipse chasers blaze trail to Oregon for view of a lifetime". The Seattle Times. 2017-06-23. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  14. ^ "Oregon Scores International Collaborative Festival With 'Oregon Eclipse'". Dance Music NW. 2016-11-11. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  15. ^ "Oregon Eclipse — A Total Solar Eclipse Gathering 17–23 August, 2017 – Oregon Eclipse 2017Oregon Eclipse 2017". oregoneclipse2017.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  16. ^ "OMSI Total Solar Eclipse Viewing in Salem, Oregon — August 21, 2017". NASA. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  17. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse 2017". Brigham Young University Idaho. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  18. ^ "2017Astrocon, Casper, Wyoming". Astronomical League. Retrieved April 3, 2017. a unique opportunity for professional astronomers to intermingle with knowledgeable amateurs; gathering together to learn from each other and exchange ideas.
  19. ^ "Wyoming Eclipse Festival 2017". Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  20. ^ "Eclipse Events: We are planning a party – and YOU are invited!". 2017 Solar Eclipse in Alliance. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  21. ^ "Gem of the Prairie Eclipse Event". Stuhr Museum.
  22. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse/150 Years Festival". Lathrop Eclipse. April 2, 2017
  23. ^ "Eclipsing Park University". Park University. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  24. ^ Darkening of the Sun Festival
  25. ^ "St. Joseph Eclipse". Front Page Science. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
  26. ^ "Southern Illinois: eclipse crossroads of America". Southern Illinois University. May 5, 2016.
  27. ^ Carley, Sean (March 28, 2017). "Remainder of "Moonstock" eclipse festival lineup announced". Daily Egyptian. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  28. ^ "View the Eclipse with University of Illinois Astronomers in Goreville, IL". University of Illinois. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
  29. ^ [1]
  30. ^ "A Monumental Solar Eclipse Festival: August 18 – August 21". Solar Eclipse Hopkinsville, KY. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  31. ^ "Eclipse: Events". Austin Peay State University. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
  32. ^ [tntech.edu/eclipse "Eclipse 2017"]. Oakley STEM Center. Retrieved April 26, 2017. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  33. ^ "Eclipse-Themed Programs & Events". Music City Solar Eclipse. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  34. ^ "The 2017 Total Solar Eclipse Will Pass Through the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina". Bryson City North Carolina. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  35. ^ "Solar Eclipse 2017 at the South Carolina State Museum". South Carolina State Museum.
  36. ^ Paladin Stadium
  37. ^ "Eclipse at Furman". Eclipse at Furman. Furman University. Retrieved May 5, 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  38. ^ Mortillaro, Nicole (July 2, 2017). "When day turns into night: Canadians, Americans prepare for total solar eclipse". Technology & Science. CBC News. Retrieved July 2, 2017. On Aug. 21, a total solar eclipse will take place across the entire continental United States, the first in 99 years. It's an event dubbed the "Great American Eclipse."
  39. ^ Littmann, Espenak, Willcox: Totality: Eclipses of the Sun. pp 253ff
  40. ^ "Eclipse Live - Streaming Video of August 21 Solar Eclipse". NASA. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  41. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse: Live From The U.S.A." Exploratorium.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  42. ^ "2016 Long-Term Reliability Assessment" (PDF). North American Electric Reliability Corporation. December 2016. p. 70. Retrieved April 18, 2017. causes substantial effects to wide-scale solar generation within a very short amount of time. The output generated by PV/solar systems will be either diminished or drastically reduced within the window of this event. Sudden widespread diminishing of solar irradiance may heavily affect areas with large amounts of utility scale PV energy installations or behind-the-meter DERs.
  43. ^ "A Wide-Area Perspective on the August 21, 2017 Total Solar Eclipse" (PDF). North American Electric Reliability Corporation. April 2017. p. 20. Retrieved May 1, 2017. The analysis performed in this study showed no reliability impacts to bulk power system (BPS) operations.
  44. ^ Pyper, Julia (11 May 2017). "This Summer's Eclipse Will Put California's Solar-Powered Grid to the Test". Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  45. ^ European power grids keep lights on through solar eclipse
  46. ^ "German power net survives solar eclipse". DW.COM. 2015-03-20. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  47. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Sun to be commemorated on a Forever Stamp". United States Postal Service. 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
  48. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Sun". United States Postal Service (store). Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  49. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  50. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 2017 August 21.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_eclipse_of_August_21,_2017&oldid=792606205"