Tokyo subway: Difference between revisions

Tokyo Subway
Tokyo Subway
	;
	Top: The logos of the Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway ; Bottom: Toei 6300 series (left) and Tokyo Metro 10000 series (right) trains at Musashi-Kosugi Station
Overview
Locale	Tokyo, Japan
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	13
Number of stations	285
Daily ridership	8.7 million
Operation
Began operation	December 30, 1927
Operator(s)	Tokyo Metro, Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei)
Technical
System length	304.1 km (189.0 mi)
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (1,435 mm for Ginza, Marunouchi, Toei Asakusa & Toei Ōedo Lines, 1,372 mm for Toei Shinjuku Line)
System map

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Revision as of 18:00, 4 September 2017

The Tokyo subway (東京の地下鉄, Tōkyō no chikatetsu) is a part of the extensive rapid transit system that consists of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in the Greater Tokyo area of Japan. While the subway system itself is largely within the city center, the lines extend far out via extensive through services onto suburban railway lines.

Networks

There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo:

Tokyo Metro – Formerly the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA), it was privatized in 2004. It currently operates 179 stations on nine lines and 195.1 kilometers (121.2 mi) of route.^[1]
Toei Subway – run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, an agency of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. It operates 99 stations on four lines and 109.0 kilometers (67.7 mi) of route.^[2]

As of 2015^[update], the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 278 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of 304.1 kilometers (189.0 mi). The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.^[3] Despite being ranked first in worldwide subway usage, subways make up a small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 274 out of 882 railway stations, as of 2007.^[4] The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (see Transport in Greater Tokyo).^[5] Other urban commuter rail systems include Keihin Electric Express Railway, Keio Corporation, Keisei Electric Railway, Odakyu Electric Railway, Seibu Railway, Tobu Railway and Tokyu Corporation.

Line color	Line number	Line	Japanese
Tokyo Metro
orange	Line 3	Ginza Line	銀座線
red	Line 4	Marunouchi Line	丸ノ内線
red	Line 4	Marunouchi Line Branch Line	丸ノ内線分岐線
silver	Line 2	Hibiya Line	日比谷線
sky blue	Line 5	Tōzai Line	東西線
green	Line 9	Chiyoda Line	千代田線
gold	Line 8	Yūrakuchō Line	有楽町線
purple	Line 11	Hanzōmon Line	半蔵門線
teal	Line 7	Namboku Line	南北線
brown	Line 13	Fukutoshin Line	副都心線
Toei Subway
rose	Line 1	Asakusa Line	浅草線
blue	Line 6	Mita Line	三田線
leaf green	Line 10	Shinjuku Line	新宿線
ruby	Line 12	Ōedo Line	大江戸線

In addition, but not formally designated as subways:

The Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR) operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010 ^[6]
The Saitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
The Tōyō Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line, operates a single underground/elevated line with nine stations.
The Yamanote Line is not a subway line, but a surface commuter loop line which operates with metro-like frequencies. It is owned by JR East. It acts as a key transportation artery in central Tokyo, and is often marked on Tokyo subway maps.

The Yokohama Subway and the Minatomirai Line (In addition to the planned Kawasaki Subway) also operate in the Greater Tokyo Area, but they are not directly connected to the Tokyo subway network. However, direct through services from the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line regularly run into Yokohama's Minatomirai Line via the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line railway. On special occasions, typically around holidays, the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line and Namboku Line operate special Minatomirai (みなとみらい号^?), formerly known as Yokohama Mirai (横浜みらい号^?), direct through services to the Minatomirai Line.

History

1915: Japan's first underground railway opened under Tokyo Station. It was only for the railway post office, not for passengers.^{[citation needed]}
1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. (東京地下鉄道株式会社, Tōkyō Chika Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha) opened Japan's first underground line of the subway Ginza Line on December 30, 1927, and publicized as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line was only 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa.
1938: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway Co., Ltd. (東京高速鉄道株式会社, Tōkyō Kōsoku Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha) opened its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome (present-day Omotesando) and Toranomon.
1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extended its line from Toranomon to Shimbashi, and started an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merged under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority (帝都高速度交通営団, Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsu Eidan) by the local government.
1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-day Toei Asakusa Line, opened between Oshiage and Asakusa.
1991: The Tokyo Metro Namboku Line opens.
1995: On March 20, the Tokyo subway sarin attack occurred on the Marunouchi, Hibiya, and Chiyoda Lines during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people were injured and 13 people were killed. All three lines ceased operation for the whole day.
2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority was privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
2008: The Fukutoshin Line opened.

System administration

Both Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway systems are closely integrated with a unified system of line colors, line codes, and station numbers. However, the separate administration of metro systems has some ramifications:

For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations.^[7] The Passnet system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in the Greater Tokyo Area (with the noticeable exception of JR East which continued to use its own Suica system). The new Pasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system is the same as for the users of paper tickets.
The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, the Toei map represents the Toei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas the Tokyo Metro's map saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JR Yamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.

Reciprocal operation

As is common with Japanese subway systems, many above-ground and underground lines in the Greater Tokyo Area operate through services with the Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. In a broader sense they are considered a part of the Tokyo subway network, allowing it to reach farther out into the suburbs.

Tokyo Metro

	Line	Through Lines
H	Hibiya Line	Tobu Skytree Line and Tōbu Nikkō Line (Kita-Senju to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen and Minami-Kurihashi)
T	Tōzai Line	JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Chūō Main Line) (Nakano to Mitaka)
		JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Sōbu Main Line) (Nishi-Funabashi to Tsudanuma)
		Toyo Rapid Line (Nishi-Funabashi to Tōyō-Katsutadai)
C	Chiyoda Line	Odakyu Odawara Line and Odakyu Tama Line (Yoyogi-Uehara to Karakida and Hon-Atsugi)
C	Chiyoda Line	JR East Jōban Line (Ayase to Toride)
Y	Yūrakuchō Line	Tōbu Tōjō Line (Wakōshi to Shinrinkōen)
Y	Yūrakuchō Line	Seibu Yūrakuchō Line via the Seibu Ikebukuro Line (Kotake-Mukaihara Station to Hannō)
Z	Hanzōmon Line	Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line (Shibuya to Chūō-Rinkan)
Z	Hanzōmon Line	Tobu Skytree Line, Tōbu Nikkō Line and Tobu Isesaki Line (Oshiage to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen, Minami-Kurihashi and Kuki)
N	Namboku Line	Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro to Hiyoshi)
N	Namboku Line	Saitama Rapid Railway Line (Akabane-Iwabuchi to Urawa-Misono)
F	Fukutoshin Line	Tobu and Seibu line (same stations served as the Yūrakuchō Line)
F	Fukutoshin Line	Minatomirai Line via Tōkyū Tōyoko Line (Shibuya to Motomachi-Chūkagai)

Toei Subway

	Line	Through Lines
A	Asakusa Line	Keikyu Kurihama Line and Keikyu Airport Line both via the Keikyu Main Line (Sengakuji to Haneda Airport (Tokyo International Airport) or Misakiguchi)
A	Asakusa Line	Keisei Oshiage Line, Keisei Main Line, Hokuso Railway Line, Keisei Higashi-Narita Line and Shibayama Railway Line (Oshiage to Narita Airport, Inba-Nihon-Idai or Shibayama-Chiyoda)
I	Mita Line	Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro to Hiyoshi)
S	Shinjuku Line	Keio New Line and Keio Sagamihara Line both via the Keiō Line (Shinjuku to Hashimoto or Takaosanguchi)

Rolling stock

1995 sarin attack

In 1995, Aum Shinri Kyo, a doomsday cult, attacked the subway system with sarin nerve gas at Kasumigaseki Station and a few others, leading to 13 deaths and over 5,000 people injured.

References

^ "Corporate Information = Business Contents - Transportation Services - Business Situation". Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. March 31, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
^ 東京都交通局ホーム - 経営情報 - 交通局の概要 - 都営地下鉄 (in Japanese). 東京都交通局 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]. April 1, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
^ "Subways keep Tokyo on the move". Japan Today. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2007-01-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ 【平成19年版】緯度経度付き全国沿線別駅データ - 地図センターネットショッピング (in Japanese).
^ 平成17年大都市交通センサス第10回 (PDF) (in Japanese). 国土交通省総合政策局交通計画課 [Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry, Transport Policy Bureau]. March 30, 2007. Retrieved 2016-01-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
^ http://www.twr.co.jp/enterprise/gaiyou_h22_final_outline.pdf
^ Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. "Toei Subway Information - How to Ride the Subway". Retrieved 2008-06-25.

External links

[lines-1] "Corporate Information = Business Contents - Transportation Services - Business Situation". Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. March 31, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17.

[lines2-2] 東京都交通局ホーム - 経営情報 - 交通局の概要 - 都営地下鉄 (in Japanese). 東京都交通局 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]. April 1, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)

[3] "Subways keep Tokyo on the move". Japan Today. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2007-01-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[4] 【平成19年版】緯度経度付き全国沿線別駅データ - 地図センターネットショッピング (in Japanese).

[5] 平成17年大都市交通センサス第10回 (PDF) (in Japanese). 国土交通省総合政策局交通計画課 [Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry, Transport Policy Bureau]. March 30, 2007. Retrieved 2016-01-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)

[6] ttp://www.twr.co.jp/enterprise/gaiyou_h22_final_outline.pdf

[7] Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. "Toei Subway Information - How to Ride the Subway". Retrieved 2008-06-25.

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@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 * '''[[Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation#Toei Subway|Toei Subway]]''' – run by the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]], an agency of the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government]]. It operates 99 stations on four lines and {{convert|109.0|km|mi|sp=us}} of route.<ref name="lines2">{{cite web |url=http://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/information/service/subway.html |script-title=ja:東京都交通局ホーム - 経営情報 - 交通局の概要 - 都営地下鉄 |publisher=東京都交通局 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation] |language=Japanese |trans_title=Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Home - Management Information - Overview of the Department of Transportation - Toei Subway |date=April 1, 2015 |accessdate=2016-01-17}}</ref>
-{{As of|2015}}, the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 278 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of {{convert|304.1|km|mi|sp=us}}. The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.japantoday.com/jp/feature/1055 |title=Subways keep Tokyo on the move |newspaper=Japan Today |accessdate=2007-01-24}}{{dead link|date=January 2016}}</ref> Despite being ranked first in [[List of metro systems#List|worldwide subway usage]], subways make up a small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 274 out of 882 railway stations, as of 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://net.jmc.or.jp/digital_data_statistics_eki.html |script-title=ja:【平成19年版】緯度経度付き全国沿線別駅データ - 地図センターネットショッピング |publisher= |language=Japanese}}</ref> The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (see [[Transport in Greater Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/kisha/kisha07/01/010330_3/01.pdf |script-title=ja: 平成17年 大都市交通センサス 第10回 |publisher=国土交通省 総合政策局 交通計画課 [Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry, Transport Policy Bureau] |language=Japanese |trans_title=2005 Metropolitan transportation census (10th) |date=March 30, 2007 |accessdate=2016-01-17}}</ref> Other urban commuter rail systems include [[Keihin Electric Express Railway]], [[Keio Corporation]], [[Keisei Electric Railway]], [[Odakyu Electric Railway]], [[Seibu Railway]], [[Tobu Railway]] and [[Tokyu Corporation]].
+{{As of|2015}}, the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 278 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of {{convert|304.1|km|mi|sp=us}}. The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.japantoday.com/jp/feature/1055 |title=Subways keep Tokyo on the move |newspaper=Japan Today |accessdate=2007-01-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022084308/http://www.japantoday.com/jp/feature/1055 |archivedate=2007-10-22 |df= }}</ref> Despite being ranked first in [[List of metro systems#List|worldwide subway usage]], subways make up a small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 274 out of 882 railway stations, as of 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://net.jmc.or.jp/digital_data_statistics_eki.html |script-title=ja:【平成19年版】緯度経度付き全国沿線別駅データ - 地図センターネットショッピング |publisher= |language=Japanese}}</ref> The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (see [[Transport in Greater Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/kisha/kisha07/01/010330_3/01.pdf |script-title=ja: 平成17年 大都市交通センサス 第10回 |publisher=国土交通省 総合政策局 交通計画課 [Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry, Transport Policy Bureau] |language=Japanese |trans_title=2005 Metropolitan transportation census (10th) |date=March 30, 2007 |accessdate=2016-01-17}}</ref> Other urban commuter rail systems include [[Keihin Electric Express Railway]], [[Keio Corporation]], [[Keisei Electric Railway]], [[Odakyu Electric Railway]], [[Seibu Railway]], [[Tobu Railway]] and [[Tokyu Corporation]].
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 {{Commons category|Tokyo Subway}}
 *[http://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/eng/services/pdf/rosen_e.pdf Combined Metro and Toei map (PDF)]
-*[http://www.urbanrail.net/as/toky/tokyo.htm Urbanrail.net page on Tokyo subways]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006194401/http://www.urbanrail.net/as/toky/tokyo.htm Urbanrail.net page on Tokyo subways]
 *[http://www.informa-v.com/EN/onlinemap2.htm  Rail & Subway Map Central Tokyo online map]

v t e Transit in the Greater Tokyo Area
Shinkansen lines	Tōhoku Shinkansen Yamagata Shinkansen Akita Shinkansen Jōetsu Shinkansen Hokuriku Shinkansen Tōkaidō Shinkansen Chūō Shinkansen (planned)
JR East lines passing through Central Tokyo	JY Yamanote JK Keihin-Tōhoku - Negishi JB Chūō-Sōbu Local JC Chūō Rapid JO Yokosuka - Sōbu Rapid JU Utsunomiya & Takasaki - JT Tōkaidō Ueno–Tokyo JA Saikyo JS Shonan–Shinjuku JJ Jōban Rapid JL Jōban Local JE Keiyō
Tokyo Metro lines	C Chiyoda F Fukutoshin G Ginza H Hibiya M Marunouchi N Namboku T Tōzai Y Yūrakuchō Z Hanzōmon
Toei Subway lines	A Asakusa E Ōedo I Mita S Shinjuku
Yokohama Municipal Subway	Blue Line Green Line
JR East lines in satellite cities or suburbs	JM Musashino JH Yokohama JN Nambu JI Tsurumi Sagami Hachikō - Kawagoe Ryōmō Jōetsu Agatsuma Shin'etsu Tohoku Direction Karasuyama Nikkō Chuo Direction CO Chūō Main JC Itsukaichi JC Ōme Koumi Minobu ( JR Central) Shinonoi Sobu Direction Sōbu Main Sotobō Uchibō Kururi Tōgane Joban Direction Mito Narita Suigun Kashima JT Tokaido Direction JT Itō Gotemba ( JR Central)
Keikyu	Keikyū Main Airport Daishi Kurihama Zushi
Keio	Keio Keiō New Dōbutsuen Keibajō Sagamihara Takao Inokashira
Keisei	Keisei Main Chiba Chihara Higashi-Narita Kanamachi Oshiage Narita Sky Access
Odakyu	Odawara Enoshima Tama
Seibu	Ikebukuro Sayama Seibu Chichibu Seibu Yūrakuchō Toshima Seibu Shinjuku Haijima Kokubunji Seibuen Tamagawa Tamako
Sotetsu	Sotetsu Main Izumino JR Link Line Shin-Yokohama
Tobu	Skytree Kameido Daishi Isesaki Sano Koizumi Kiryū Nikkō Kinugawa Utsunomiya Urban Park Tōjō Ogose
Tōkyū Railways	DT Den-en-toshi IK Ikegami MG Meguro OM Ōimachi TM Tamagawa TY Tōyoko KD Kodomonokuni SH Shin-Yokohama
Other commuter rail lines	Hokusō Kantō Jōsō Ryūgasaki Nagareyama Rinkai Line Saitama Rapid Shibayama Shin-Keisei Tōyō Rapid Tsukuba Express Minatomirai 21
Trams	Enoden SG Setagaya Arakawa
Monorails	Chiba Monorail Disney Resort Shōnan Monorail Tama Monorail Tokyo Monorail
People movers	New Shuttle Kanazawa Seaside NT Nippori-Toneri Seibu Yamaguchi Yūkarigaoka Yurikamome
Hinterland	Chichibu Main Line Jōmō Line Jōshin Dentetsu Jōshin Line Watarase Keikoku Line Yagan Railway Mooka Line Minato Line Ōarai Kashima Line Chōshi Electric Railway Line Isumi Line Kominato Line
Funiculars and aerial lifts	Ōyama Cable Car Hodosan Ropeway (Takao Tozan Railway Mitake Tozan Cable Car ) (Nokogiriyama Ropeway Mount Tsukuba Cable Car Mount Tsukuba Ropeway) Akechidaira Ropeway Ikaho Ropeway Yokohama Air Cabin
Bus services and hubs	Shinjuku Expressway Bus Terminal Tokyo City Air Terminal (& Bus) Willer Express List of bus operating companies in Japan
Public ferries	Tokyo-Wan Ferry Tokyo Cruise Ship Tokyo Mizube Line Keihin Ferry Boat The Port Service (Yokohama)
Major terminals	Rail Akihabara Chiba Hachiōji Ikebukuro Kita-Senju Mito Odawara Ōmiya Ōtemachi Shibuya Shinagawa Shinjuku Tachikawa Tokyo Ueno Yokohama Shin-Yokohama Airports Haneda Narita Chōfu Ibaraki Ports Yokohama Tokyo Heliports Tokyo Heliport Camp Zama
Miscellaneous	Smart cards Pasmo Suica Transport in Greater Tokyo Rail transport in Japan List of named passenger trains of Japan List of through trains in Japan Toei Subway rolling stock Tokyo Metro rolling stock List of East Japan Railway Company stations List of Toei Subway stations List of Tokyo Metro stations Station numbering
Japan transit: Tokyo Keihanshin Nagoya Fukuoka Hakone Fuji Izu Hokkaido Aomori Sendai Akita Niigata Toyama Nagano Okayama Hiroshima Shikoku Metro systems Shinkansen trams (list) aerial lifts (list)

v t e Rapid transit and underground railway lines in Japan
Source: www.jametro.or.jp/en/japan/ "Subways in Japan" (Japan Subway Association)
Public	Sapporo Sendai Toei (Tokyo) Yokohama Nagoya Kyoto Kobe Fukuoka
Semi-public	Tokyo Metro Osaka Metro
Public-private	Rinkai Line (Tokyo) Minatomirai 21 Line (Yokohama) Saitama Rapid Railway Line Tōyō Rapid Railway Line (Chiba) Hokusō Line (Tokyo/Chiba) Astram Line (Hiroshima)
Japan transit: Tokyo Keihanshin Nagoya Fukuoka Hakone Fuji Izu Hokkaido Aomori Sendai Akita Niigata Toyama Nagano Okayama Hiroshima Shikoku Metro systems Shinkansen trams (list) aerial lifts (list)