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The Right Honourable
Ed Miliband

MP
Miliband in August 2010
Leader of the Opposition
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 September 2010
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
DeputyHarriet Harman
Preceded byHarriet Harman
Leader of the Labour Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 September 2010
DeputyHarriet Harman
Preceded byGordon Brown
Secretary of State for Energy and
Climate Change
In office
3 October 2008 – 11 May 2010
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byChris Huhne
Minister for the Cabinet Office
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
28 June 2007 – 3 October 2008
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byHilary Armstrong
Succeeded byLiam Byrne
Minister for the Third Sector
In office
6 May 2006 – 28 June 2007
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byPhil Hope
Member of Parliament
for Doncaster North
Incumbent
Assumed office
5 May 2005
Preceded byKevin Hughes
Majority10,909 (26.3%)
Personal details
Born
Edward Samuel Miliband

(1969-12-24) 24 December 1969 (age 54)
London, England, UK
Political partyLabour
Spouse(s)Justine Thornton
(m. 2011–present)
RelationsRalph Miliband (father)
David Miliband (brother)
Alma materCorpus Christi College, Oxford
London School of Economics

Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British Labour Party politician, currently the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the South Yorkshire constituency of Doncaster North since 2005 and served in the Cabinet from 2007 to 2010 under Prime Minister Gordon Brown. He and his brother, David Miliband, were the first siblings to sit in the Cabinet simultaneously since Edward, Lord Stanley, and Oliver Stanley in 1938.

Born in London, Miliband graduated from Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the London School of Economics, becoming first a television journalist and then a Labour Party researcher, before rising to become one of Chancellor Gordon Brown's confidants and Chairman of HM Treasury's Council of Economic Advisers.

As Prime Minister, Gordon Brown appointed Miliband as Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on 28 June 2007. He was subsequently promoted to the new post of Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, a position he held from 3 October 2008 to 11 May 2010. On 25 September 2010, he was elected Leader of the Labour Party.

Background and early life

Born in London, Miliband is the younger son of Polish Jewish immigrants. His mother, Marion Kozak, a human rights campaigner and early CND member, survived the Holocaust thanks to being protected by Roman Catholic Poles.[1][2][3] His father, Ralph Miliband, was a Belgian-born Marxist academic, who fled with his Polish Jewish parents to England during World War II.[4][2] Due to his father's employment as a teacher, Miliband spent two spells living in Boston, Massachusetts, one year when he was seven, and one junior high school term when he was twelve.[5]

Miliband was educated at Primrose Hill Primary School, Camden, Featherbank Primary School, Leeds,[6] and then Haverstock Comprehensive School in Chalk Farm, North London. He completed his A Levels and was a violinist whilst at school.[7] As a teenager, he reviewed films and plays on LBC Radio's Young London programme as one of its "Three O'Clock Reviewers", and worked as an intern to Tony Benn.[8] Miliband read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was also elected JCR President. In his second and third years, he dropped philosophy, and was awarded an upper second class Bachelor of Arts degree, then went on to study at the London School of Economics, where he obtained a Masters in Economics.[failed verification][7]

Early political career

Special adviser

Miliband worked as a special adviser to Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2002.[9] In 1999, Miliband was involved in the process of building Labour's manifesto for the forthcoming Scottish Parliament elections.[10] Initially doing so in an informal capacity, he was spotted leaving the Scottish Labour Party's headquarters on the night that a key policy meeting was held, involving the Scottish Secretary Donald Dewar and senior party officials, to consider the party's election strategy and details of Labour's manifesto. As a result, Miliband temporarily resigned from his post as a Special Adviser at the Treasury, to work on the Scottish election campaign full-time.[11] It was reported that part of Miliband's Scottish role was to take charge of Labour's rebuttal operation.[12]

Harvard

On 25 July 2002, it was announced that Miliband would take a 12-month unpaid sabbatical from the Treasury to be a visiting scholar at the Centre for European Studies of Harvard University for two semesters.[13] He spent his time at Harvard teaching economics,[14] and stayed there after September 2003 for an additional semester teaching a course titled "What's Left? The Politics of Social Justice".[15] During this time, he was granted "access" to Senator John Kerry and reported to Brown on the Presidential hopeful's progress.[16] Returning to the UK after Christmas, in January 2004 he was appointed Chairman of HM Treasury's Council of Economic Advisers as a replacement for Ed Balls, with specific responsibility for directing the UK's long-term economic planning.[17]

Member of Parliament

In early 2005, Miliband resigned from the Treasury to stand for election. Kevin Hughes, then the Labour MP for Doncaster North, announced in February of that year that he would be standing down at the next election due to being diagnosed with motor neurone disease. Miliband applied for selection to be the Labour candidate in the safe Labour seat and won, beating off a close challenge from Michael Dugher, then a special advisor to Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon.[18] Gordon Brown visited Doncaster North during the general election campaign to support his former adviser.[19] Miliband was elected to Parliament on 5 May 2005, with over 50% of the vote and a majority of 12,656. He made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 23 May, responding to comments made by future Speaker John Bercow.[20] In Tony Blair's cabinet reshuffle in May 2006, he was made the Parliamentary Secretary to the Cabinet Office, as Minister for the Third Sector, with responsibility for voluntary and charity organisations.[21][22]

Cabinet

In June 2007, when Brown became Prime Minister, Miliband was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and promoted to the Cabinet.[23] This meant that he and his brother David Miliband became the first brothers to serve in Cabinet since Edward and Oliver Stanley in 1938.[24] He was given the task of drafting Labour's manifesto for the next general election.[25]

On 3 October 2008, Miliband was promoted to Secretary of State for the newly created Department of Energy and Climate Change[26] in a Cabinet reshuffle. On 16 October, Miliband announced that the British government would legislate to oblige itself to cut greenhouse emissions by 80% by 2050, rather than the 60% cut in carbon dioxide emissions previously announced.[27]

Miliband with Richard Lambert, Director of the CBI, at Climate Change Summit 2008

Whilst Secretary of State, Miliband attended the UK premiere of The Age of Stupid, where he was ambushed by actor Pete Postlethwaite, who threatened to return his OBE and vote for any party other than Labour if the Kingsnorth coal-fired power station was given the go-ahead by the government.[28] A month later, Miliband announced a change to the government's policy on coal, saying that new coal-fired power station would be unable to receive government consent unless they could effectively capture and bury 25% of the emissions they produce immediately, with a view to seeing that rise to 100% of emissions by 2025. This, a government source told the Guardian, effectively represented “a complete rewrite of UK energy policy for the future”.[29]

Miliband represented the UK at the 2009 Copenhagen Summit, from which emerged a global commitment to provide an additional US$10 billion a year to fight the effects of climate change, with an additional $100 billion a year provided by 2020.[30] The conference was not able to achieve a legally-binding agreement. Miliband accused China of deliberately foiling attempts at a binding agreement; China explicitly denied this, accusing British politicians of engaging in a "political scheme".[31]

During the 2009 parliamentary expenses scandal, Miliband was named by the Daily Telegraph as one of the "saints" of the scandal, due to his claiming one of the lowest amounts of expenses in the House of Commons and submitting no claims that later had to be paid back.[32]

Leadership of the Labour Party

Leadership election

Following the formation of the coalition government on 11 May 2010, Gordon Brown resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party with immediate effect. In accordance with the Labour constitution, Deputy Leader Harriet Harman took over as Acting Leader and Leader of the Opposition. On 14 May 2010, following his brother's announcement of his own candidacy the day earlier, Miliband announced that he would stand as a candidate for the leadership of the Labour Party.[33] He launched his campaign during a speech given at a Fabian Society conference at the School of Oriental and African Studies[34][35] and was nominated by 62 fellow Labour MPs. The other candidates were left-wing backbencher Diane Abbott, Shadow Education Secretary Ed Balls, Shadow Health Secretary Andy Burnham and his elder brother, Shadow Foreign Secretary David Miliband.

On 23 May, former Labour Leader Neil Kinnock announced that he would endorse Miliband's campaign to become the next Leader, saying that he had "the capacity to inspire people" and that he had "strong values and the ability to 'lift' people".[36] Other senior Labour figures who backed Miliband included former Deputy Leaders Roy Hattersley and Margaret Beckett. By 9 June, the deadline for entry into the Labour leadership contest, Miliband had been nominated by just over 24% of the Parliamentary Labour Party, double the amount required. By September, Miliband had received the support of six trade unions, including both Unite and UNISON, 151 of the Constituency Labour Parties, three affiliated socialist societies, and half of the Labour MEPs.[37]

Ed Miliband won the election, the result of which was announced on 25 September 2010, after second, third and fourth preferences votes were counted, with the support of 50.654% of the electoral college, defeating his brother by 1.3%.[38] In the fourth and final stage of the redistribution of votes after three candidates had been eliminated, Ed Miliband led in the trade unions and affiliated organisations third of the electoral college (19.93% of the total to David's 13.40%), but in both the MPs and MEPs section (15.52% to 17.81%), and Constituency Labour Party section (15.20% to 18.14%), came second. In the final round, Ed Miliband won with a total of 175,519 votes to David's 147,220 votes.[39]

Leader of the Opposition

Miliband conducting a public Q&A in November 2011

On becoming Leader of the Labour Party on 25 September 2010, Miliband also became Leader of the Opposition. At the age of 40, he was the youngest Labour Leader since World War II.[40] He had his first Prime Minister's Questions as Labour Leader on 13 October 2010, raising questions about the government's announced removal of a non-means tested child benefit.[41] During the 2011 military intervention in Libya, Miliband supported UK military action against Colonel Gaddafi.[42] Miliband spoke at a large "March for the Alternative" rally held in London on 26 March 2011 to protest against cuts to public spending, though he was criticised by some for comparing it to the anti-apartheid and American civil rights movements.[43][44][45]

A June 2011 poll result from Ipsos MORI found Labour 2 percentage points ahead of the Tories, but Miliband's personal rating was low, being rated as less popular than Iain Duncan Smith at a similar stage in his opposition leadership.[46] The same organisation's polling did find that Miliband's personal ratings in his first full year of leadership were better than David Cameron's during his first full year as Conservative Leader in 2006 however.[47]

In July 2011, following the revelation that the News of the World had paid private investigators to hack into the phones of Milly Dowler, as well as the families of murder victims and deceased servicemen, Miliband called for News International chief executive Rebekah Brooks to resign, urged David Cameron to establish a public and judge-led inquiry into the scandal and announced that he would force a Commons vote on whether to block the News International bid for a controlling stake in BSkyB. He also called for the Press Complaints Commission to be abolished – later repeated by Cameron and Nick Clegg – and called into question Cameron's judgement in hiring former News of the World editor Andy Coulson to be his Director of Communications.[48] Cameron later took the unusual step of saying that the government would back Miliband's motion that the BSkyB bid should be dropped, and an hour before Miliband's motion was due to be debated, News International announced that it would drop it.[49][50]

Following the riots in England in August 2011, Miliband called for a public inquiry into the events, and insisted that society had "to avoid simplistic answers". The call for a government inquiry was rejected by David Cameron, prompting Miliband to say that he would set up his own.[51] In a BBC Radio 4 interview shortly after the riots, Miliband spoke of an irresponsibility that not only applied to the people involved in the riots, but "wherever we find it in our society. We've seen in the past few years...MPs' expenses, what happened in the banks". Miliband also stated that Labour did not do enough to tackle moral problems during their 13 years in office.[52] In December 2011 Miliband appointed Tim Livesey, a former adviser to the Archbishop of Canterbury, to be his full-time Chief of Staff.[53]

In his first speech of 2012, Miliband said that if Labour won the next general election that the times would be difficult economically, but that Labour was still the only party capable of delivering "fairness". He also said he would tackle "vested interests", citing energy and rail companies.[54] Following the announcement in late January 2012 that the Chief Executive Officer of the nationalised Royal Bank of Scotland, Stephen Hester, would receive a bonus worth £950,000, Miliband called the amount "disgraceful", and urged David Cameron to act to prevent the bonus. Cameron refused, saying that it was a matter for the RBS board, leading Miliband to announce that Labour would force a Commons vote on whether or not the government should block it. Hester announced that he would forego his bonus, and Miliband said that Labour would carry on with a Commons vote regardless, focussing instead on the bonuses of other RBS executives.[55][56] Following George Galloway's unexpected win in the March by-election in Bradford West, Miliband announced he would lead an inquiry into the result, saying, it "could not be dismissed as a one-off".[57] In April 2012, in the midst of a debate about the nature of political party funding, Miliband called on David Cameron to institute a £5,000 cap on donations from individuals and organisations to political parties, after it had been suggested that the government favoured a cap of £50,000.[58]

On 14 July 2012, Miliband became the first Leader of the Labour Party to attend and address the Durham Miners' Gala in 23 years.[59] In the same month, Miliband would become the first British politician to be invited to France to meet new French President François Hollande.[60]

Local elections

Miliband's first electoral tests as Labour Leader came in the elections to the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and various councils across England, excluding London on 5 May 2011. The results for Labour were described as a "mixed bag", with the party performing well in Wales – falling just one seat short of an overall majority and forming the next Welsh Government on its own – and making large gains from the Liberal Democrats in northern councils, including Sheffield, Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester. Results were less encouraging in the south of England however, and results in Scotland were described as a "disaster", with Labour losing nine seats to the SNP, which went on to gain the Parliament's first ever majority.[61] Miliband commented positively in regard to the results and said that following the poor showings in Scotland "lessons must still be learnt".[61][62]

Miliband launched Labour's campaign for the 2012 local elections with a speech in Birmingham, accusing the government of "betrayal", and claiming that it "lacked the values" that Britain needed.[63] The results for Labour were described as a "big success", with the party building on its performance the previous year in the north of England and Wales, consolidating its position in northern cities and winning control of places such as Cardiff and Swansea.[64] Labour also performed well in the Midlands and South of England, winning control of a number of councils including Birmingham, Norwich, Plymouth and Southampton.[64] Labour were less successful in Scotland than England and Wales, but results were nevertheless encouraging, as Labour were able to retain control of Glasgow despite predictions that they would not.[64] Overall, Labour gained over 800 councillors and control of 22 councils.[64]

Shadow Cabinet appointments

Main article: Shadow Cabinet of Ed Miliband

The first election to the Shadow Cabinet that took place under Miliband's leadership was on 7 October 2010. Ending days of speculation, David Miliband announced that he would not seek election to the Shadow Cabinet on 29 September, the day nominations closed, saying he wanted to avoid "constant comparison" with his brother Ed.[65] The three other defeated candidates for the Labour leadership all stood in the election, though Diane Abbott failed to win enough votes to gain a place. Following the election, Miliband unveiled his Shadow Cabinet on 8 October 2010. Amongst others he appointed Alan Johnson as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Yvette Cooper was chosen as Shadow Foreign Secretary, and both defeated Labour leadership candidates Ed Balls and Andy Burnham were given senior roles, becoming Shadow Home Secretary and Shadow Education Secretary respectively. Burnham was additionally given responsibility for overseeing Labour's election co-ordination. Sadiq Khan, who managed Miliband's successful leadership campaign, was appointed Shadow Justice Secretary and Shadow Lord Chancellor, and continuing Deputy Leader Harriet Harman continued to shadow Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, as well as being made Shadow International Development Secretary.[66] Alan Johnson would later resign from his position, stepping down for "personal reasons" on 20 January 2011, necessitating Miliband's first reshuffle, in which he made Balls Shadow Chancellor, Cooper Shadow Home Secretary and Douglas Alexander Shadow Foreign Secretary.[67]

On 24 June 2011, it was reported that Miliband was seeking to change the decades-old rule that Labour's Shadow Cabinet would be elected every two years, instead wanting to adopt a system where he alone had the authority to select its members. Miliband later confirmed the story, claiming that the rule represented "a legacy of Labour's past in opposition".[68] On 5 July, Labour MPs voted overwhelmingly to back the rule change, paving the way for NEC and Conference approval, which was attained in September 2011.[69] This allows Miliband to be the first Leader of the Labour Party to have the authority to pick his own Shadow Cabinet.[70]

On 7 October 2011, Miliband reshuffled his Shadow Cabinet. John Denham, John Healey and Shaun Woodward announced that they were stepping down, whilst Meg Hillier, Ann McKechin and Baroness Scotland also left the Shadow Cabinet. Veteran MPs Tom Watson, Jon Trickett, Stephen Twigg and Vernon Coaker were promoted to the Shadow Cabinet, as were several of the 2010 intake, including Chuka Umunna, Margaret Curran and Rachel Reeves, with Liz Kendall and Michael Dugher given the right to attend Shadow Cabinet. Lord Wood and Emily Thornberry were also made Shadow Cabinet attendees.[71]

On 15 May 2012, Miliband appointed Owen Smith to replace Peter Hain – who retired from frontline politics – as Shadow Welsh Secretary, and also promoted Jon Cruddas to the Shadow Cabinet, putting him in charge of overseeing Labour's ongoing policy review with a view to draft Labour's manifesto for the next election.[72]

Policies and views

Self-description of views

Miliband speaking at the 2007 Labour
Party Conference

Miliband has described himself as a new type of Labour politician, looking to move beyond the divisiveness of Blairism and Brownism, and calling for an end to the "factionalism and psychodramas" of Labour's past. He has also repeatedly spoken of the requirement for a "new politics".[73] During the Labour leadership campaign, he described himself as a socialist, and has spoken out against some of the actions of the Blair Government, including criticising its record on civil liberties and stating that he would not have backed the Iraq War.[74] He has also made calls for the UK to adopt a "capitalism that works for the people".[75] Though he wasn't in Parliament at the time of the 2003 vote, he remains a strong critic of the Iraq War.[76] He has, however, backed UK military action and intervention in Afghanistan and Libya respectively. He also backs same-sex marriage, supports making the UK's 50% top rate of tax permanent, as well as the institution of a new financial transaction tax, mutualising Northern Rock, putting limits on top salaries, scrapping tuition fees in favour of a graduate tax, implementing a living wage policy and the scrapping of the ID cards policy, and has spoken in favour of a "National Care Service".[77][78]

Though Labour remained officially neutral, he in a personal capacity supported the ultimately unsuccessful "Yes to AV" campaign in the Alternative Vote referendum on 5 May 2011, saying that it would benefit Britain's "progressive majority".[79][80] In September 2011, Miliband stated that a future Labour Government would immediately cut the cap on tuition fees for university students from £9,000 per year to £6,000, though he also stated that he remained committed to a graduate tax in the long-run.[81] Together with Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls, Miliband has also promoted a "five-point plan for jobs and growth" aimed at helping the UK economy, involving extending the bonus tax on banks pioneered by Alistair Darling, bringing forward planned long-term investment to help reduce unemployment, cutting the rate of VAT from 20% back to 17.5%, cutting VAT on home improvements to 5% for a temporary one year period, and instigating a one year national insurance break to encourage employers to hire more employees.[82] Miliband has also endorsed the Blue Labour trend in the Labour Party, which was founded by Maurice Glasman . Blue Labour talks about family and friendships at the heart of society, rather than just material wealth, it also offers a very strong critique of the free-market as well as the big state. This was seen to have influenced his 2011 Conference Speech, signalling "predatory and productive capitalism".[83][84]

In March 2012 Miliband pledged his support for same sex marriage. As he signed an equal marriage pledge, he said, "I strongly agree gay and lesbian couples should have an equal right to marry and deserve the same recognition from the state and society as anyone else."[85]

Comments on other politicians

Miliband has criticised Conservative Leader and Prime Minister David Cameron for "sacrificing everything on the altar of deficit reduction", and has accused him of being guilty of practising "old politics", citing alleged broken promises on areas such as crime, policing, bank bonuses, and child benefit.[86]

Miliband has also been particularly critical of Liberal Democrat Leader and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg following the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement, accusing him of "betrayal" and of "selling-out" his party's voters. He has also stated that he would demand the resignation of Nick Clegg as a precursor to any future Labour-Liberal Democrat coalition.[87] In the 2011 Alternative Vote referendum, Miliband refused to share a platform with Clegg, stating that he had become "too toxic" a brand, and that he would harm the "Yes to AV" campaign. He did, however, share platforms during the campaign with former Liberal Democrat Leaders Lord Ashdown and Charles Kennedy, as well as current Liberal Democrat Deputy Leader Simon Hughes, the Green Party Leader Caroline Lucas and Business Secretary Vince Cable, among others.[88] Since becoming Labour Leader, Miliband has made a number of speeches aimed at winning over disaffected Liberal Democrats, identifying a difference between the "Orange Book" Lib Dems who were closer to the Conservatives and Lib Dems who were on the centre-left, offering the latter a role in helping Labour's policy review.[86]

Miliband has previously spoken positively of his brother David, praising his record as Foreign Secretary, and saying that "his door was always open" following David's decision not to stand for the Shadow Cabinet in 2010.[89] When asked to choose the greatest British Prime Minister, Miliband answered with Labour's post-war Prime Minister and longest-serving Leader, Clement Attlee.[90] He has also spoken positively of his two immediate predecessors as Labour Leader, former Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, praising their leadership and records in government.[91]

Personal life

Miliband is the son of Ralph Miliband (1924-1994) and Marion Kozak (1934-). His older brother is David Miliband (1965-). He is married to Justine Thornton, a Cambridge-educated barrister.[92] The pair met in 2002 and lived together in North London, before becoming engaged in March 2010.[93][94] They have two sons, born 2009 and 2010.[95] Miliband is Jewish, though not religious.[96][97] After marrying Thornton in a civil ceremony on 27 May 2011, he paid tribute to his Jewish heritage by following the tradition of breaking a glass.[98][99] In 2012 Miliband wrote: "Like many others from Holocaust families, I have a paradoxical relationship with this history. On one level I feel intimately connected with it – this happened to my parents and grandparents. On another, it feels like a totally different world."[100]

Styles

  • Ed Miliband (1969–2005)
  • Ed Miliband MP (2005–2007)
  • The Rt Hon Ed Miliband MP (2007–present)

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