2014 Ukrainian presidential election
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![]() Electoral districts which voted for Petro Poroshenko
Electoral districts which voted for Mykhailo Dobkin
Electoral districts in which elections were not held due to separatist insurgency
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Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 25 May 2014, resulting in Petro Poroshenko being elected President of Ukraine.[4] Originally scheduled to take place on 29 March 2015, the date was changed following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.[5][6][7] Poroshenko won the elections with 54.7% of the votes.[2] His closest competitor was Yulia Tymoshenko, who emerged with 12.81% of the votes.[2] The Central Election Commission reported voter turnout at over 60% excluding those regions not under government control.[8][9] Since Poroshenko obtained an absolute majority in the first round, a run-off second ballot (on 15 June 2014[10]) was unnecessary.[4][11]
The elections were not held throughout Ukraine. During the 2014 Crimean crisis, Ukraine lost control over Crimea, which was unilaterally annexed by Russia in March 2014.[12][13][nb 1] As a result, elections were not held in Crimea.[4] In the Donbass region of Ukraine only 20% of the ballot stations were open due to threats and violence by pro-Russia separatist.[15] Of the 2,430 planned ballot stations (in Donbass) only 426 remained open for polling.[15] The self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic, controlling large parts of the Donbass, had vowed to do everything possible to disrupt the elections.[16]
Poroshenko will serve a five-year term in office.[1]
Background
Prior to the rescheduling of the election
Initially the elections were scheduled for 29 March 2015.[17]
On 7 December 2012, Batkivshchyna nominated Yulia Tymoshenko as its presidential candidate.[18] On 14 June 2013, the congress of her party approved the decision to nominate her as its candidate for the presidential election.[19] On 11 October 2011, a Ukrainian court found Tymoshenko guilty of abuse of power, sentenced her to seven years in jail and banned her from seeking elected office for her period of imprisonment.[20][21][22] Because Tymoshenko was in prison during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Arseniy Yatsenyuk headed the election list of Batkivshchyna.[23][24] Tymoshenko remained in prison until 22 February 2014, after parliament voted for her release and removal of her criminal record, allowing her to compete for elected office once again.[12]
In May 2013, Batkivshchyna, UDAR, and Svoboda vowed to coordinate their actions during the presidential campaign, and promised "to support the candidate from among these parties who wins a place in the run-off election".[25] If the election format were to change to a single round, the three parties vowed to agree on a single candidate.[25]
On 24 October 2013, the leader[26] of UDAR, Vitali Klitschko, announced he intended to take part in the election.[27] Experts and lawyers argued that it is unclear if Klitschko could take part.[27] Under Ukrainian law a presidential candidate must have had his residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day. Klitschko has lived for many years in both Ukraine and Germany, where, according to media reports, he has a residence permit.[27] Klitschko confirmed on 28 February 2014 that he will take part in the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election.[28] However, on 29 March, he withdrew from the race for the presidency, simultaneously pledging his support for Petro Poroshenko.[29]
Former President Viktor Yanukovych, prior to his dismissal and subsequent flight from the country (see below), was considered likely to run for his second and final term.[30][nb 2][nb 3] But, as of 19 December 2013, he had made no final decision on this.[34] On 19 December 2013, Yanukovych alluded to not participating when he stated "If, theoretically speaking, my rating is low and has no prospects, I won't hinder the country's development and movement ahead".[34]
Early 2014 elections
Scheduling
On 21 November 2013, the Ukrainian Second Azarov Government suspended preparations for signing an an association agreement with the European Union.[35][12] The decision to postpone the signing of the association agreement led to massive protests across Ukraine.[36] These led to the removal of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government by the parliament in February, as part of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, during which Yanukovych fled the country to Russia.[37][12] On 22 February 2014, the Verkhovna Rada voted 328–0[38] to dismiss Yanukovych as President.[39] Oleksandr Turchynov, deputy chairman of Batkivshchyna, who had been appointed as Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada earlier that day,[40] was named acting Prime Minister,[41] and, due to Yanukovych's deposition, acting President, until new elections could be held.
In a press conference in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don on 28 February, Yanukovych stated that he would not take part in the elections, stating that "I believe they are unlawful, and I will not take part in them".[42] It was later speculated that Serhiy Tihipko would be the Presidential candidate of the Party of Regions, Yanukovych's former party.[43] The party's nomination went to Mykhailo Dobkin, however, and Tihipko entered the elections as an independent candidate.[44] Dobkin was amongst the persons wanted by the (then new) Yatsenyuk Government to be sent for trial at the International Criminal Court.[45]
During the 2014 Crimean crisis, Ukraine lost control over the Crimea, which was unilaterally annexed by Russia in March 2014.[12][13] As a result, elections were not held in the Crimea, but Ukrainians who had kept their Ukrainian citizenship were allowed to vote elsewhere in Ukraine.[4]
Escalation of pro-Russian unrest
In the Donbass region of the Eastern Ukraine, pro-Russian protests escalated into an armed separatist insurgency early in April 2014, when masked gunmen took control of several of the region's government buildings and towns.[46][12]
On 15 April 2014, Ukrainian media reported that the General Prosecutor of Ukraine had launched criminal proceedings against then-candidate Oleh Tsarov for allegedly aiding separatists and thus violating Ukraine's territorial integrity.[47] Tsarov withdrew his candidacy on 29 April.[48]
Serhiy Taruta, governor of Donetsk, has suggested a referendum, to be held on 15 June, at the same time as the potential second round of the election. The referendum would address the decentralization of political power, potentially giving regions a greater say in their own affairs, such as greater control over the taxes they levy and the power to make Russian a second official language.[10]
On 16 May 2014, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine ruled that the candidate elected as a result of the presidential election would serve a full five-year term of office.[1]
On 17 May 2014, the Central Election Commission of Ukraine (CEC) stated that, due to "illegal actions of unknown people", it could not arrange for the "preparation and conduct of elections" in six constituencies in the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.[49] According to the CEC, members of district election commissions there had received threats to their own personal safety and to that of their families.[49] The CEC warned that that two million people in the two oblasts (provinces), about 5.6% of Ukraine's approximately 36 million eligible voters, could be deprived of their right to vote if the situation there did not improve.[49][nb 4][nb 5] On 22 May, the work of eighteen of the thirty-four election commissions in Donetsk[nb 6] and Luhansk Oblasts had been stopped fully or partially by representatives of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic.[51] By 23 May, this number had increased to twenty of the thirty-four.[52] The Committee of Voters of Ukraine predicted on 23 May that, due to "ongoing acts of terrorism and armed insurgency", 10% of the Ukrainian population would be unable to vote.[53][nb 7] On the same day, the leader of the Lugansk People's Republic told citizens not to go to the polls to vote, warning of "explosions".[54]
Simultaneous mayoral elections
On 25 May 2014, 27 mayoral elections were also held,[55] including those in Odessa and Kiev.[55][56]
Russian reaction
Initially Russia opposed rescheduling the election because the Russian government considered the removal of then President Viktor Yanukovych illegal and his temporary successors an "illegitimate junta".[57] But on 7 May 2014 Russian President Vladimir Putin stated the election would be a step "in the right direction" but that the vote would decide nothing unless the rights of "all citizens" were protected.[58] At the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum on 23 May 2014, Putin appeared to further move away from Russia's initial position by announcing that Russia would respect the outcome of the elections in Ukraine and was ready to work with whoever won the presidency.[59]
The US and European Union vowed early May 2014 that they would impose further sanctions against Russia (sanctions have been in place against Russia since the 2014 Crimean crisis[60]) if it disrupted the election. However, unlike previous sanctions which were limited to individuals and companies, the third stage is set to target entire sectors of the Russian economy.[61] Earlier the USA and the EU had accused Russia of destabilising Ukraine by stoking the 2014 pro-Russian rebellion in Eastern Ukraine, a charge Russia has denied.[62]
Electoral system
The term of office for the Ukrainian president is five years.[63][64][65] If no candidate had obtained an absolute majority in the first round, then the two highest polling candidates would have contested a run-off second ballot on 15 June 2014.[4][11]
IT electoral monitoring framework "Elections 2014"
Arsen Avakov underlined the importance of the new IT elections monitoring system Elections 2014 ([] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: no text (help)"Вибори 2014"), allowing the voters to track the progress of the elections in real time, to ensure transparency, and avoid post-election disturbances, in contrast to the previous Ukrainian elections.[66] On 22 May 2014, three days before the election, the main servers of the Central Election Commission were compromised. The hacking group CyberBerkut claimed it had stolen passwords from the servers.[67][68][69] The Security Service of Ukraine also discovered a virus planted on the servers that would have destroyed election results.[70] The day of the elections, a group of hackers with specialized equipment was arrested in Kiev while attempting to rig the elections.[71]
Candidates
21 candidates took part in the elections; seven of them had been nominated by political parties, 15 were self-nominees.[44][72] A total of 18 candidates ran for president in 2010.[73] Before 7 April 2014, four Party of Regions members were running for election, but on 7 April 2014 the political council of the party expelled the presidential candidates Serhiy Tihipko, Oleh Tsarov and Yuriy Boiko from the party. On 29 March a Party of Regions convention supported Mykhailo Dobkin's nomination as a presidential candidate.[74]
Candidates were able to nominate themselves at the Central Election Commission of Ukraine from 25 February 2014 until 30 March 2014. The last date for registering candidates was 4 April 2014.[73][75][76] Candidates needed to submit a full package of documents and a 2.5 million hryvnia deposit.[73]
Registered candidates
- Olha Bogomolets (independent)[44] (supported by the Socialist Party of Ukraine)[77]
- Yuriy Boyko (self-nominated)[44]
- Mykhailo Dobkin (Party of Regions)[44]
- Andriy Hrynenko (independent)[44]
- Anatoliy Hrytsenko (Civil Position)[78]
- Valeriy Konovalyuk (independent)[44]
- Vasyl Kuybida (People's Movement of Ukraine)[44]
- Renat Kuzmin (independent)[44]
- Oleh Lyashko (Radical Party)[44]
- Mykola Malomuzh (independent)[44]
- Petro Poroshenko (independent)[44] (supported by UDAR)
- Vadim Rabinovich (independent)[44]
- Volodymyr Saranov (independent)[44]
- Serhiy Tihipko (self-nominated)[44]
- Oleh Tyahnybok (Svoboda)[44]
- Yulia Tymoshenko (Batkivshchyna)[44]
- Dmytro Yarosh (Right Sector, self-nominated)[44]
Withdrawn candidates
Before deadline
- Natalia Korolevska (independent), withdrew from race on 1 May.[79]
- Oleg Tsarov (self-nominated), withdrew from race on 29 April.[48]
After deadline
- Oleksandr Klymenko (Ukrainian People's Party), withdrew from race on 17 May and endorsed Petro Poroshenko.[80]
- Zoryan Shkiryak (independent), withdrew from race on 10 May.[81]
- Petro Symonenko (Communist Party of Ukraine), withdrew from race on 16 May.[82][83]
- Vasyl Tsushko (independent), withdrew from race on 22 May.[84]
The Central Election Commission was unable to remove from the ballot the names of candidates who withdrew from the race after the deadline of 1 May 2014.[85][86][85][86]
Rejected candidates
The Central Election Commission rejected some applications for candidate registration early in the process. It refused to register O. Burnashova, V. Marynych, A. Makhlai, A. Kucheryavenko, V. Chopei, L. Rozhnova, L. Maksymenko, D. Myroshnychenko, P. Rekal, T. Onopriyuk, and Z. Abbasov.[87][88][89][90][91] On 3 April 2014 the CEC rejected a further three candidates: a man named Darth Vader, Evhen Terekhov, and Yuriy Ivanitsky.[92]
On 29 March 2014, Vitali Klitschko (UDAR) endorsed Petro Poroshenko,[93] and announced he would run for Mayor of Kiev in the local election taking place alongside the presidential election.[94][95]
Opinion polls
First round
Poll results are listed in the table below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the two leading candidates respective colours. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is bolded. If no candidate obtains an absolute majority in the first round, then the two highest polling candidates will contest a run-off second ballot.[11] The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two candidates with the highest figures. Poll results use the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. However, if such date is unknown, the date of publication will be given instead.
Date | Polling Firm | ![]() |
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Others | Lead | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tihipko independent |
Dobkin PoR |
UDAR |
Tymoshenko Batkivshchyna |
Tyahnybok Svoboda |
CPU |
Poroshenko independent |
Lyashko Radical | |||||
13–19 May | Ukrainian National Academy of Pedagogic Sciences[a] | – | 8.0 | – | – | 13.3 | – | – | 45.0 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 31.7 |
6–8 May | GfK[a] | – | 10.6 | 4.6 | – | 10.4 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 47.9 | 6.4 | 20.4 | 37.3 |
25–29 Apr | Razumkov Centre | – | 6.7 | 4.2 | – | 14.8 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 47.7 | 5.0 | 15.2 | 33.9 |
Oleg Tsarov officially withdraws[96] | ||||||||||||
9–16 Apr | SOCIS, KIIS, RATING, Razumkov Centre | – | 7.4 | 6.0 | – | 14.0 | 2.1 | 5.6 | 48.4 | 4.6 | 11.9 | 34.4 |
28 Mar – 2 Apr | Razumkov Centre, RATING | – | 8.8 | 5.2 | – | 19.1 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 42.3 | 5.5 | 12.2 | 23.2 |
Serhiy Tihipko is expelled from the Party of Regions[97] | ||||||||||||
31 Mar | Advanced Legal Initiatives[a] | – | 19.6 | 1.2 | – | 12.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 42.0 | 2.3 | 14.9 | 22.4 |
Mykhailo Dobkin is selected by Party of Regions as their Presidential nominee, Viktor Yanukovych is officially expelled from the Party of Regions | ||||||||||||
Vitali Klitschko withdraws in order to run for the mayoralty of Kiev, and endorses Poroshenko | ||||||||||||
14–26 Mar | International Republican Institute[a][b] | – | 7.0 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 27.0 | – | 18.0 | 13.0 |
14–19 Mar | SOCIS, KIIS, RATING, Razumkov Centre | – | 10.0 | 5.3 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 36.2 | 5.0 | 11.1 | 23.3 |
4–18 Mar | GfK[a][b] | – | 8.5 | 5.0 | 19.0 | 12.0 | 1.5 | 7.0 | 39.5 | – | 7.9 | 20.5 |
Viktor Yanukovych officially withdraws | ||||||||||||
1–6 Mar | Social Monitoring Centre | – | 11.4 | – | 14.2 | 15.5 | 3.7 | 6.4 | 13.7 | 3 | – | 1.3 |
25 Feb – 4 Mar | SOCIS | – | 9.6 | – | 21.3 | 14.1 | 3.6 | 6.4 | 30.9 | – | 14.3 | 9.6 |
28 Feb – 3 Mar | KIIS[a] | – | 13.3 | –[c] | 20.1 | 13.9 | 2.8 | 8.3 | 32.8 | – | 8.8 | 12.7 |
Yanukovych ouster and Crimean crisis | ||||||||||||
24 Jan – 1 Feb | SOCIS | 29.2 | – | – | 22.8 | 19.1 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 15.9 | – | 6.0 | 6.4 |
17–26 Jan | SOCIS | 29.5 | – | – | 21.6 | 20.8 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 13.0 | – | 4.6 | 7.9 |
2014 | ||||||||||||
23–27 Dec | R&B Group[a] | 36.0 | – | – | 19.9 | 11.2 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 11.0 | – | 10.7 | 16.1 |
7–17 Dec | RATING[a] | 28.2 | – | – | 22.7 | 23.2 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 8.0 | – | 6.1 | 5.0 |
26 Oct – 8 Nov | IFES[a][b] | 31.0 | – | – | 30.0 | 17.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | – | – | 7.0 | 1.0 |
30 Sep – 8 Oct | Razumkov Centre[a] | 26.3 | – | – | 20.9 | 18.1 | 5.1 | 7.7 | 4.1 | – | 17.8 | 5.4 |
26 Sep – 6 Oct | RATING[a][b] | 28.0 | – | – | 25.0 | 22.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | – | 6.0 | 3.0 |
15–25 Sep | R&B Group[a] | 32.5 | – | – | 18.3 | 17.0 | 4.8 | 7.7 | 5.0 | – | 14.7 | 14.2 |
21–30 May | KIIS[a] | 27.2 | – | – | 30.2 | – | 11.0 | 7.0 | – | – | 24.6 | 3.0 |
2013 | ||||||||||||
21–24 Dec | Razumkov Centre[a] | 32.6 | – | – | 16.6 | 18.6 | 7.4 | 8.8 | – | – | 16.0 | 14.0 |
2012 | ||||||||||||
17 Jan 2010 | 2010 election results | 35.3 | 13.1 | – | – | 25.1 | 1.4 | 3.5 | – | – | 21.6 | 10.2 |
- Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n This survey shows its poll results without disregarding those who are undecided or said they will abstain from voting (either physically or by voting blank). In order to obtain results comparable to other surveys and the official election results, the result shown in this table will be that obtained, with a simple rule of three, from disregarding undecided and/or abstaining voters from the totals offered in the survey.
- ^ a b c d Some opinion polls round their data so that in the end up showing a .0 or a .5 value. This practise is maintained for these polls when disregarding undecided and/or abstaining voters from the totals so as to avoid different interpretations of the same value.
- ^ In the event that Dobkin was PoR's nominee instead of Tihipko, Dobkin would receive 6.3%, Kiltschko would receive 20.5%, Tymoshenko would receive 15.4%, Tyahnybok would receive 3.9%, Symonenko would receive 9.5%, Poroshenko would receive 35.9%, and other candidates would receive 8.8%.
Results
Petro Poroshenko won the elections with 54.7% of the votes.[2] His closest competitor was Yulia Tymoshenko, who emerged with 12.81% of the votes.[2] The Central Election Commission reported voter turnout at over 60% excluding those regions not under government control.[98][99] In the Donbass region of Ukraine only 20% of the ballot stations were open due to threats and violence by pro-Russia separatist.[15] Of the 2,430 planned ballot stations (in Donbass) only 426 remained open for polling.[15]
Exit polls had also predicted that Poroshenko won the election outright[100] with over 55.9% of the votes,[15]
Results with 100% polling stations reporting:[2]Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Petro Poroshenko | Independent | 9,856,975 | 54.70 | |
style="background-color: Template:All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"/meta/color" | | Yulia Tymoshenko | All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" (Vseukrayinske obyednannya Batkivshchyna) | 2,309,812 | 12.81 |
Oleh Lyashko | Radical Party (Radykalna partiya) | 1,500,349 | 8.32 | |
Anatoliy Hrytsenko | Civil Position (Hromadyansʹka pozytsiya) | 989,028 | 5.48 | |
Serhiy Tihipko | Independent | 943,451 | 5.23 | |
style="background-color: Template:Party of Regions/meta/color" | | Mykhailo Dobkin | Party of Regions (Partiya rehioniv) | 546,138 | 3.03 |
Vadim Rabinovich | Independent | 406,369 | 2.25 | |
style="background-color: Template:Socialist Party of Ukraine/meta/color" | | Olga Bogomolets | Independent/Socialist Party of Ukraine (Sotsialistychna partiya Ukrainy) | 345,386 | 1.91 |
style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of Ukraine/meta/color" | | Petro Symonenko | Communist Party of Ukraine (Komunistychna partiya Ukrayiny) | 272,858 | 1.51 |
style="background-color: Template:All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda"/meta/color" | | Oleh Tyahnybok | All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda" (Vseukrayinske obyednannya Svoboda) | 210,504 | 1.16 |
Dmytro Yarosh | Right Sector (Pravyy sektor) | 127,818 | 0.70 | |
Andriy Hrynenko | Independent | 73,277 | 0.40 | |
Valeriy Konovalyuk | Independent | 69,569 | 0.38 | |
Yuriy Boyko | Independent | 35,927 | 0.19 | |
Mykola Malomuzh | Independent | 24,040 | 0.13 | |
Renat Kuzmin | Independent | 18,689 | 0.10 | |
style="background-color: Template:People's Movement of Ukraine/meta/color" | | Vasyl Kuybida | People's Movement of Ukraine (Narodnyy Rukh Ukrayiny) | 12,392 | 0.06 |
Oleksandr Klymenko | Ukrainian People's Party (Ukrayinsʹka narodna partiya) | 10,545 | 0.05 | |
Vasyl Tsushko | Independent | 10,440 | 0.05 | |
Volodymyr Saranov | Independent | 6,239 | 0.03 | |
Zoryan Shkiryak | Independent | 5,021 | 0.02 | |
Invalid votes | 242,575 | 1.35 | ||
Total | 18,019,456 | 100 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | ||||
Source: CEC |
Reactions
Despite Russia's earlier protest at rescheduling the election and the general tense relation between the countries at the time because of the 2014 Crimean crisis and the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin recognised the vote.[101]
The self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic, controlling large parts of the Donbass region of Eastern Ukraine, prided themselves (on election night) on disrupting the vote.[15]
US President Barack Obama congratulated Petro Poroshenko with his victory by telephone 2 days after the election.[102] This was also done by President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso and European Parliament President Martin Schulz and other EU leaders such as German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President François Hollande.[103][104][105]
Channel One Russia election night error
External videos | |
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Channel One Russia just after the vote showed a video in which the winner of the election was declared Dmytro Yarosh, a candidate from the party Right Sector. This was announced by an anchorwoman on live TV stating "That data just appeared on the website of the Central Election Commission of Ukraine few minutes ago". On a screenshot of the alleged site of the Central Election Commission of Ukraine, with no indications of any number of protocols or the number of people who voted, was stated that Yarosh won with 37% of the votes.[106] Ukrinform, citing a source in the Security Service of Ukraine reported that this is not a mistake at all, but a provocation and an element of failed Russian special forces operations in an information war against Ukraine. SSU and Special State Communication together with the Ukrainian IT specialists discovered and defused a computer virus which was programmed to start during the counting of votes at the CEC and to show the winner Dmytro Yarosh with 37% or the equivalent of 19 million voters. The virus was neutralized for 40 minutes before the broadcasting at Channel One Russia and neutralization was not noticed in by the channel.[107]
International observers
The Central Election Commission of Ukraine (CEC) had registered 543 international official observers on 2 May 2014.[108] On 23 May (two days before the election) this number had risen to 3,607 (CEC had completed the registration of observers on 19 May but on 23 May had allowed 823 members of the observer organization European Platform for Democratic Elections).[109] Among others OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, OSCE's Parliamentary Assembly, the Ukrainian World Congress and the United States will send observers.[108] OSCE deployed 100 long-term observers and 900 short-term observers.[110] On 9 May 2014 U.S. Assistant Secretary for European and Eurasian Affairs Victoria Nuland stated her country would support 255 long-term and more than 3,300 short-term observers.[111] Russia did not send observers.[112] Other Commonwealth of Independent States members also did not send observers; because Ukraine had not sent an invitation to the CIS Election Monitoring Organisation.[113]
Notes
- ^ The status of the Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is currently under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider the Crimea to be an autonomous republic of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, while Russia, on the other hand, considers the Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities.[14][12]
- ^ Per Chapter V, Article 103 of the Constitution, the President is allowed to serve a maximum of two full 5-year terms. However, in 2003, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine permitted then-President Leonid Kuchma to run for a third term in the 2004 presidential election He chose not to run.[31]
- ^ Yanukovych ran in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election as a candidate of Party of Regions[32] but suspended his membership in the Party of Regions after the election.[33]
- ^ Donetsk Oblast houses 3.3 million eligible voters (9.3% of Ukraine's total eligible electorate); Luhansk Oblast houses 1.8 million (5% of the total).[4] In Crimea (1.8 million eligible voters, comprising 5.1% of Ukraine's total eligible electorate), there was no voting, due to its annexation by Russia.[4]
- ^ 25.5 million Ukrainians voted in the second round of the 2010 presidential election.[50]
- ^ In western Donetsk, where paramilitary groups helped to suppress separatist activity, the vote went ahead as normal.[16]
- ^ According to the Committee of Voters of Ukraine, "most of the election committees are now meeting underground, and there have been a lot of kidnappings and threats".[16]
References
- ^ a b c New Ukrainian president will be elected for 5-year term – Constitutional Court, Interfax-Ukraine (16 May 2014)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Poroshenko wins presidential election with 54.7% of vote - CEC". Radio Ukraine International. 29 May 2014.
Template:Ru icon Results election of Ukrainian president, Телеграф (29 May 2014) - ^ "Turchynov Approves Establishing Special Legal Regime, Regulating Citizens' Rights And Freedoms in Temporarily Occupied Territories". Ukrainian News Agency. 28 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ukraine elections: Runners and risks, BBC News (22 May 2014)
- ^ "BBC News – Ukrainian president and opposition sign early poll deal". Bbc.co.uk. 21 February 2014.
- ^ "Ukraine president announces early elections – Europe". Al Jazeera English.
- ^ "Ukraine's President Yanukovich declares early elections, constitutional reforms – RT News". Rt.com. 21 February 2014.
- ^ http://rbth.com/news/2014/05/26/ukrainian_presidential_election_turnout_tops_60_percent_-_chief_election_36931.html
- ^ https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/cec-chair-ukrainian-presidential-election-turnout-tops-60-percent-349393.html
- ^ a b Ukraine talks set to open without pro-Russian separatists, The Washington Post (14 May 2014)
- ^ a b c Q&A: Ukraine presidential election, BBC News (7 February 2010)
- ^ a b c d e f g Ukraine crisis timeline, BBC News
- ^ a b EU & Ukraine 17 April 2014 FACT SHEET, European External Action Service (17 April 2014)
- ^ Gutterman, Steve. "Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions". Reuters.com. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Poroshenko Declares Victory in Ukraine Presidential Election, The Wall Street Journal (25 May 2014)
- ^ a b c Russia will recognise outcome of Ukraine poll, says Vladimir Putin, The Guardian (23 May 2014)
- ^ Gorshenin Weekly 12/23/2013, Gorshenin Institute (23 December 2013)
- ^ United Opposition nominates Tymoshenko as single presidential candidate, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012)
Yatseniuk: Tymoshenko will be able to run for presidency in 2015, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012) - ^ Batkivschyna to nominate Tymoshenko for presidency, Yatseniuk heads party’s political council, Interfax-Ukraine (14 June 2013)
- ^ Ukraine ex-PM Yulia Tymoshenko jailed over gas deal, BBC News (11 October 2011)
- ^ The Tymoshenko verdict. Full text of the sentence, Law & Business (13 October 2011)
- ^ Tymoshenko convicted, sentenced to 7 years in prison, ordered to pay state ,8 million (update), Kyiv Post (11 October 2011)
- ^ They Call Themselves the Opposition, The Ukrainian Week (31 August 2012)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Список депутатів нової Верховної Ради, Ukrayinska Pravda (11 November 2012)
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{{cite news}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
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{{cite web}}
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At Ukraine Peace Talks, Eastern Leaders Assail Central Government , VOA (17 May 2014)
Template:Uk icon CEC: Elections in Donetsk and Luhansk region becomes increasingly difficult, Ukrayinska Pravda (17 May 2014) - ^ Is Ukraine ready to vote?, Washington Post (18 May 2014)
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ At the presidential elections SPU will support Olha Bohomolets. Socialist Party of Ukraine. 4 April 2014
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- ^ "Цушко снимается с выборов". Segodnya.ua.
- ^ a b Template:Uk icon Simonenko left the ballot, Ukrayinska Pravda (17 May 2014)
- ^ a b Template:Ru icon Zoryan Shkiryak withdrew from the presidential race, Segodnya (10 May 2014)
- ^ '+ a.html() +'. "ЦВК відмовила у реєстрації першому кандидату на посаду президента". Tvi.ua.
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ Template:Uk icon Observers from the CIS on elections in Ukraine will not be – Executive Committee, Ukrayinska Pravda (23 May 2014)