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Mobile operating system

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A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is an operating system for phones, tablets, smartwatches, or other mobile devices. While computers such as typical laptops are 'mobile', the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This distinction is becoming blurred in some newer operating systems that are hybrids made for both uses.

Mobile operating systems combine features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use; usually including, and most of the following considered essential in modern mobile systems; a wireless inbuilt modem and SIM tray for telephony and data connection, a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi Protected Access, Wi-Fi, Global Positioning System (GPS) mobile navigation, video- and single-frame picture cameras, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication, and infrared blaster. By Q1 2018, over 383 million smartphones were sold with 86.2 percent running Android and 12.9 percent running iOS.[1] Android alone is more popular than the popular desktop operating system Windows, and in general smartphone use (even without tablets) outnumber desktop use.

Mobile devices with mobile communications abilities (e.g., smartphones) contain two mobile operating systems – the main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system whichu operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.[2]

Mobile operating systems have majority use since 2017 (measured by web use); with even only the smartphones running them (excluding tablets) more used than any other kind of device.[3] Thus traditional desktop OS is now a minority used kind of OS; see usage share of operating systems. However, variations occur in popularity by regions, while desktop-minority also applies on some days in regions such as United States and United Kingdom.

Timeline

Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones and smartphones:

Pre-1993

1993–1999

2000s

2010s

2010

2011

  • July – MeeGo, a mobile Linux distribution, combining Maemo and Moblin, is introduced with the Nokia N9, a collaboration of Nokia, Intel, and Linux Foundation.
  • September – Samsung, Intel, and the Linux Foundation announced that their efforts will shift from Bada, MeeGo to Tizen during 2011 and 2012.
  • October – The Mer project was announced, based on an ultra-portable core for building products, composed of Linux, HTML5, QML, and JavaScript, which was derived from the MeeGo codebase.

2012

  • July – Mozilla announced that the project formerly named Boot to Gecko (which was built atop an Android Linux kernel using Android drivers and services; however it used no Java-like code of Android) was now Firefox OS (since discontinued) and had several handset OEMs on board.
  • September – Apple releases iOS 6.

2013

  • January – BlackBerry releases their new operating system for smartphones, BlackBerry 10 but are not compatible with the prior BlackBerry OS.
  • September – Apple releases iOS 7.
  • October
    • Canonical announced Ubuntu Touch (later discontinued), a version of the Linux distribution expressly designed for smartphones. The OS is built on the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.[6]
    • Google releases Android KitKat 4.4.

2014

2015

  • February – Google releases Android 5.1 "Lollipop".
  • September
  • October – On October 26, BlackBerry announced that there are no plans to release new APIs and software development kits for BlackBerry 10, future updates would focus on security and privacy enhancements only.
  • November – Microsoft releases Windows 10 Mobile.

2016

2017

  • April – Samsung officially launched Android-based Samsung Experience custom firmware starting with version 8.1 on Samsung Galaxy S8
  • April – Microsoft released Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update.
  • May – Samsung announced Tizen 4.0 at Tizen Developer Conference 2017.
  • August – Google released Android 8.0 "Oreo".
  • August – BlackBerry announced the Android-based BlackBerry Secure which focus on security.
  • September – Apple introduces the iPhone 8, iPhone X, and iOS 11.
  • October – On October 8, Microsoft announced that development of Windows 10 Mobile will be on maintenance mode only, thus there won't be any new feature would introduce to Windows 10 Mobile.

2018

  • February – Samsung release Samsung Experience 9.0 based on Android "Oreo" 8.0 globally to Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+
  • February - Xiaomi backed Huami officially introduce both the Android-based and proprietary of their Amazfit OS together with their smartwatch, the Amazfit Pace (Android based) and Amazfit Bip (Proprietary) for the global market.
  • March – Google and partners officially launched Android Go (based on Android "Oreo" 8.1 but tailored for low-end devices) with Nokia 1, Alcatel 1X, ZTE Tempo Go, General Mobile 8 Go, Micromax Bharat Go and Lava Z50.
  • March – Google release Android "P" as a developer preview.
  • April – Microsoft release Windows 10 Version 1803 "April 2018 Update".
  • May - Huawei release LiteOS version 2.1.
  • June – Apple announced iOS 12.
  • August – Google releases Android 9.0 "Pie".
  • August – Xiaomi officially introduce MIUI for POCO for their Poco series smartphone.
  • August - Samsung officially introduce Tizen 4.0 with the release of Samsung Galaxy Watch series.
  • September – Huawei releases EMUI 9.0.
  • October – Microsoft release Windows 10 Version 1809 "October 2018 Update".
  • November - Samsung announce the One UI as the latest version of the Samsung Experience UI.

2019

  • June - Apple announced iOS 13.

Current software platforms

See also: Comparison of smartphones, List of iOS devices, and List of Windows phones

These operating systems often run atop baseband or other real time operating systems that handle hardware aspects of the phone.

Open source

Android

File:Nexus 5X.png
Android 6.x Marshmallow on a Google Nexus 5X

Android (based on the modified Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system developed by Google Inc.[8] Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers (a category that includes desktop computers and mobile devices), even though Android is not a popular operating system for regular (desktop) personal computers (PCs). Although the Android operating system is free and open-source software,[9] in devices sold, much of the software bundled with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary software and closed source.[10]

Android's releases before 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets, Android 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones, while both phone and tablet compatibility was merged with Android 4.0. The current Android version is 9.0 Pie.

Google Android operating system

Android's releases are named after sweets or dessert items, except for the first and second releases:

  • 1.0 – (No codename) (API Level 1)
  • 1.1 – (Internally known as "Petit Four") (API Level 2)
  • 1.5 – Cupcake: (API Level 3)
  • 1.6 – Donut: (API Level 4)
  • 2.0 – Eclair: (API Level 5)
  • 2.0.1 – Eclair: (API Level 6)
  • 2.1 – Eclair: (API Level 7)
  • 2.2.x – Froyo: (for "Frozen Yogurt"): (API Level 8)
  • 2.3 – Gingerbread: (minor UI tweak): (API Level 9)
  • 2.3.3 – Gingerbread: (API Level 10)
  • 3.0 – Honeycomb: (major UI revamp): (API Level 11)
  • 3.1 – Honeycomb: (API Level 12)
  • 3.2 – Honeycomb: (API Level 13)
  • 4.0 – Ice Cream Sandwich: (minor UI tweak): (API Level 14)
  • 4.0.3 – Ice Cream Sandwich: (API Level 15)
  • 4.1 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 16)
  • 4.2 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 17)
  • 4.3 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 18)
  • 4.4.4 – KitKat: (API Level 19)
  • 4.4W – KitKat Watch: (API Level 20)[11]
  • 5.0, 5.0.1, 5.0.2 – Lollipop: (major UI revamp): (API Level 21)
  • 5.1, 5.1.1 – Lollipop: (API Level 22)
  • 6.0 & 6.0.1 – Marshmallow: (API Level 23)
  • 7.0 – Nougat: (API Level 24)[12]
  • 7.1, 7.1.1 – Nougat: (API Level 25)[13]
  • 8.0 – Oreo: (minor UI tweak): (API Level 26)
  • 8.1 – Oreo: (API Level 27)[14]
  • 9.0 – Pie:(minor UI tweak): (API Level 28)
  • 10.0 - (yet to be announced) :(API Level 29)
Android One

Android One is a software experience that runs on the unmodified Android operating system, which closely resembles those running on Pixel devices or previously, the Google Nexus program. Unlike most of the "stock" Androids running on the market, Android One UI closely resembles the Pixel UI, due to Android One being a software experience developed by Google and distributed to partners who signup for the program, such as Nokia and Xiaomi. Thus, the overall UI is intended to be as clean as possible. OEM partners may tweak or add additional apps such as cameras to the firmware, otherwise most of the apps will be handled by Google proprietary apps. The update was handled by Google and will be internally tested by OEM before being distributed via OTA update to the end users.

  • Android One version are same as AOSP, starting from Android 5.0 "Lollipop"
AliOS

Designed by Alibaba, based on Android.

Amazfit OS (Android-based)

Amazfit OS a mobile operating system that are based on Android, it is develop by Xiaomi backed Huami for their higher-end Amazfit series of smartwatch, such as Amazfit Pace, Verge and Stratos. Due to it was Android based operating system, therefore it can be side loaded with Android APK file to run on the smartwatch. Similar to MIUI, although Amazfit OS is based on open source AOSP, it consists of closed source and proprietary software of its own.

BlackBerry Secure

BlackBerry Secure is an operating system developed by BlackBerry, based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Officially announced the name for their Android based front-end touch interface on August 2017, before the announcement, BlackBerry Secure was running on BlackBerry brand devices such as BlackBerry Priv, DTEK 50/60 and BlackBerry KeyOne. Currently, BlackBerry plan to license out the BlackBerry Secure to other OEM's.

Current BlackBerry Secure version list
  • BlackBerry Secure version 1.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x and "Nougat" 7.x) (initial release and minor UI update for devices that support Android Nougat)
ColorOS

ColorOS is a custom front-end touch interface, based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by OPPO Electronics Corp. As of 2016, OPPO officially releases ColorOS with every OPPO device, and released an official ROM for the OnePlus One.

Current ColorOS version list
  • ColorOS 1.0 (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x) (initial release)
  • ColorOS 2.0 (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x) (minor UI upgrade)
  • ColorOS 2.1 (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x) (minor UI upgrade)
  • ColorOS 3.0 (based on Android "Marshmallow") (major UI revamp)
  • ColorOS 3.5 (based on Android "Nougat") (minor UI upgrade)
EMUI

Emotion User Interface (EMUI) is a front-end touch interface developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and is based on Google's Android Open Source Project (AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei and Honor devices. While it was based on open source Android operating system, it consists of closed source and proprietary software.

Current EMUI version list
/e/

/e/ is an operating system forked from the source code of LineageOS (based on Android). It supports currently 76 devices as of April 2019.[15] /e/ targets Android smart phone devices, and uses MicroG as a replacement for Google Play Services.[16]

Current /e/ OS version list
  • /e/ OS beta v0.1 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.1.x)
  • /e/ OS beta v0.2 (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x.x)
Flyme OS

Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu Technology Co., Ltd., an open source OS based on Google Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu Smartphones such as the MX's series; however, it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices.

Current Flyme OS version list
  • Flyme OS 1.x.x (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.3, initial release)
  • Flyme OS 2.x.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.2.x)
  • Flyme OS 3.x.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x)
  • Flyme OS 4.x.x (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
  • Flyme OS 5.x.x (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x)
  • Flyme OS 6.x.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x and Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x for old devices[17])
Funtouch OS

Funtouch OS is a fork of an Android developed by Vivo. Funtouch OS is difference than traditional Android UI that the Funtouch OS includes some features unavailable in the former, such as:- customizable gestures, communication drawer with bottom to top swipe, a security centre, lock screen resize, options for long screen shot, eye protection changing to a warmer color temperature and others. Funtouch OS, in some respects, looks similar to iOS made by Apple.

Current Funtouch OS version list
  • Funtouch OS 1.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x, initial release)
  • Funtouch OS 2.x (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x, redesigned UI)
  • Funtouch OS 3.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI)
  • Funtouch OS 4.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.0.x, redesigned UI)
  • Funtouch OS 5.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.0.x, redesigned UI)
GrapheneOS

GrapheneOS, formerly named Android Hardening, is a variant of Android that runs on Pixel 2 or Pixel 3 hardware, is mainly developed by Daniel Micay as of 2019, and aims to focus on security and privacy.[18]

HTC Sense

HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on the company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's TouchFLO 3D software for Windows Mobile, Sense modifies many aspects of the Android user experience, incorporating added features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), widgets, HTC-developed applications, and redesigned applications. The first device with Sense, the HTC Hero, was released in 2009.

  • HTC Sense 1.x (based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1, initial release)
  • HTC Sense 2.x (based on Android "Eclair", "Froyo" and "Gingerbread" 2.0/2.1, 2.2.x and 2.3.x, redesigned UI)
  • HTC Sense 3.x (based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesigned UI)
  • HTC Sense 4.x (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x, redesigned UI)
  • HTC Sense 5.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x, redesigned UI)
  • HTC Sense 6.x (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, redesigned UI)
  • HTC Sense 7.x (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x, redesigned UI)
  • HTC Sense 8.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI)
Indus OS

Indus OS is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is developed by the Indus OS team based in India. No longer valid as of 2018Indus OS is available on Micromax, Intex, Karbonn, and other Indian smartphone brands.

Current Indus OS version list
  • Firstouch OS (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0)
  • Indus OS 2.0 (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0)
  • Indus OS 3.0 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.0.1)
LG UX

LG UX (formerly named Optimus UI) is a front-end touch interface developed by LG Electronics with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is sometimes incorrectly identified as an operating system. LG UX is used internally by LG for sophisticated feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties.

Optimus UI 2 which based on Android 4.1.2 has been released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3. It features a more refined user interface compared to the prior version based on Android 4.1.1, would include together which new functionality such as voice shutter and quick memo.

Current LG UX version list
  • Optimus UI 1.x – based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, initial release
  • Optimus UI 2.x – based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x – 4.3.x, redesigned UI
  • LG UX 3.x – based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesigned UI
  • LG UX 4.x – based on Android "Lollipop" and "Marshmallow" 5.1.x and 6.0.x, redesigned UI
  • LG UX 5.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" and "Nougat" 6.0.x and 7.0.x, redesigned UI
  • LG UX 6.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.0.x, redesigned UI
  • LG UX 6.x+ – based on Android "Oreo" 8.0.x, redesigned UI
LineageOS

Lineage Android Distribution is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It serves as the successor to the highly popular custom ROM, CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016 when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS.

Similar to CyanogenMod, it does not include any proprietary apps unless the user installs them. It allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization.

Current LineageOS version list
  • LineageOS 13 (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x)
  • LineageOS 14.1 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.1.x)
  • LineageOS 15.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x.x)
  • LineageOS 16.x (based on Android "Pie" 9.x.x)
MiFavor

MiFavor, was the custom Android UI that was developed by ZTE for their smartphone that is running Android platform. Similar to most of the other Android UI, MiFavor replace most of the stock apps with ZTE owns apps, however the all UX still closely similar to the stock Android.

Current MiFavor version list
  • MiFavor 1.x – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, redesigned UI
  • MiFavor 2.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI
  • MiFavor 3.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x, redesigned UI
  • MiFavor 4.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI
  • MiFavor 5.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI
MIUI

Mi User Interface (MIUI), developed by the Chinese electronic company Xiaomi Inc., is a mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). MIUI is mostly found in Xiaomi smartphones such as the Mi and Redmi Series; however, it also has official ROM support for few Android devices. Although MIUI is based on AOSP, which is open source, it consists of closed source and proprietary software of its own.

Current MIUI version list
  • MIUI V1 – based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x, initial release
  • MIUI V2 – based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x, redesigned UI
  • MIUI V3 – based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesigned UI
  • MIUI V4 – based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x and "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x, redesigned UI
  • MIUI V5 – based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1–4.3 and "KitKat" 4.4, redesigned UI
  • MIUI V6 – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4 and "Lollipop" 5.0.x, redesigned UI
  • MIUI 7 – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4, "Lollipop" 5.x and "Marshmallow" 6.x.
  • MIUI 8 – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4, "Lollipop" 5.x and "Marshmallow" 6.x.
  • MIUI 9 – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4, "Lollipop" 5.x, "Marshmallow " 6.x, "Nougat" 7.x Android and "Oreo" 8.1
  • MIUI 10 - based on Android "Pie" 9.0
MIUI for POCO

MIUI for POCO is a custom mobile operating system that is based on MIUI, which itself was based on Android "Open Source Project (AOSP)". Just like it predecessor, it also develop by Xiaomi Inc. Unlike the original MIUI, MIUI for POCO was specifically customized for their Poco series smartphone, including difference UI and more frequent update compare to the original MIUI. Just like MIUI which is based on open source AOSP, MIUI for POCO also consists of closed source and proprietary software of its own.

Current MIUI for POCO version list
  • MIUI for POCO "9.6.14" – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x.x, initial release
OxygenOS

OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by OnePlus to replace Cyanogen OS on OnePlus devices such as the OnePlus One, and it is preinstalled on the OnePlus 2, OnePlus X, OnePlus 3, OnePlus 3T, OnePlus 5, OnePlus 5T and OnePlus 6.[19] As stated by Oneplus, OxygenOS is focused on stabilizing and maintaining of stock like those found on Nexus devices. It consists of mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of pure Android.

Current OxygenOS version list
  • Oxygen OS 1.0.x (based on Android 5.0.x "Lollipop") (initial release)
  • Oxygen OS 2.0.x (based on Android 5.1.x "Lollipop") (overall maintenance update)
  • Oxygen OS 3.0.x (based on Android 6.0 "Marshmallow") (major Android update)
  • Oxygen OS 3.1.x (based on Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow") (minor maintenance update)
  • Oxygen OS 3.2.x (based on Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow") (major Android update)
  • Oxygen OS 4.x.x (based on Android 7.x "Nougat") (major Android update)
  • Oxygen OS 5.x.x (based on Android 8.x "Oreo") (major Android update)
Pixel UI

Pixel UI is developed by Google that is based on open source Android. Unlike the Nexus phones, where Google shipped with the "stock" Android, the UI that came with the first generation Pixel phones were slightly modified as compared to the "stock" Android. As part of the Google Pixel software, the Pixel UI and its home launcher are closed source and proprietary, thus it is only available on the Pixel family devices. (However, third party mods allow non Pixel smartphones to install Pixel Launcher with Google Now feed integration).

Current Google Pixel UI version list
  • Pixel UI – "7.1.1" (based on Android 7.x "Nougat")(Initial release)
  • Pixel UI – "8.1.0" (based on Android 8.x "Oreo")(Minor UI update)
  • Pixel UI – "9.x.x" (based on Android 9.x "Pie")(Minor UI update)
Replicant OS

Replicant is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android with all proprietary drivers and bloat closed source software removed.

Current ReplicantOS version list
  • ReplicantOS 2.x (based on Android Froyo/AOSP 2.2.x)
  • ReplicantOS 4.x (based on Android Ice Cream Sandwich/AOSP 4.0.x)
  • ReplicantOS 4.2 (based on Android Jelly Bean/AOSP 4.2.x)
  • ReplicantOS 6.x (based on Android Marshmallow/AOSP 6.0.x)
Samsung Experience

Samsung Experience (formerly called TouchWiz) is a front-end touch interface developed by Samsung Electronics with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is sometimes incorrectly identified as an independent operating system. Samsung Experience is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties as it is closed source and proprietary. The Android version of Samsung Experience also comes with Samsung-made apps preloaded (except starting with the Galaxy S6 which have removed all Samsung pre-loaded apps installed, leaving one with Galaxy Apps, to save storage space and initially due to the removal of MicroSD). With the release of Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+, Samsung Experience 8.1 was preinstall on it with introducing new function known as Samsung DeX. Similar to the concept of Microsoft Continuum, Samsung DeX allowed high end Galaxy devices such as S8/S8+ or Note 8 to connect into a docking station, which extends the functionality to allow desktop-like functionality by connecting a keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Samsung also announced "Linux on Galaxy", which allows to use the standard Linux distribution on the DeX platform.

Current Samsung Experience version list:
  • TouchWiz 3.0 & 3.0 Lite – based on Android "Eclair" and "Froyo" 2.0/2.1 and 2.2.x, initial release
  • TouchWiz 4.0 – based on Android "Gingerbread" and "Ice Cream Sandwich" 2.3.x and 4.0.x, redesigned UI
  • TouchWiz Nature UX "1.0" and Lite – based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x, redesigned UI
  • TouchWiz Nature UX 2.x – based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.2.x – 4.3.x and 4.4.x, redesigned UI
  • TouchWiz Nature UX 3.x – based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesigned UI
  • TouchWiz Nature UX 5.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI
  • TouchWiz Grace UX – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x, redesigned UI
  • Samsung Experience 8.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI
  • Samsung Experience 9.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI
Xperia UI

Sony Xperia UI, (formerly known as Timescape UI), was the front-end UI that developed by Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) for their Sony Xperia series that is running Android platform. Sony Xperia UI mostly consists of Sony own's application such as Sony Music (formerly known as Walkman Music player), Albums and Video Player. During its time as Timescape UI, the UI was different than the standard Android UI, instead of traditional apps dock on the bottom part, it was located at the four corner of the home screen, while the middle of the screen consist of the widget. However the recent development of UI are closely resemble to those of Stock Android.

Current Xperia UI version list:
  • Timescape version 1 – based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1, initial release
  • Timescape version 2 – based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesigned UI
  • Xperia UI version 3 – based on Android "Gingerbread" and "Ice Cream Sandwich" 2.3.x and 4.0.x, redesigned UI
  • Xperia UI version 4 – based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.2.x – 4.3.x, redesigned UI
  • Xperia UI version 5 – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, redesigned UI
  • Xperia UI version 6 – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI
  • Xperia UI version 7 – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x, redesigned UI
  • Xperia UI version 8 – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI
  • Xperia UI version 9 – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI
ZenUI

ZenUI is a front-end touch interface developed by ASUS with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. ZenUI is used by Asus for its Android phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. ZenUI also comes preloaded with Asus-made apps like ZenLink (PC Link, Share Link, Party Link & Remote Link).

Current ZenUI version list:
  • ZenUI 1.0 – based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.3.x and 4.4.x, initial release
  • ZenUI 2.0 – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI
  • ZenUI 3.0 – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x, redesigned UI
  • ZenUI 4.0 – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI
  • ZenUI 5.0 – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI

Non-Android operating systems are listed in the following sections.

Chrome OS

Chrome OS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface. As a result, Chrome OS primarily supports web applications. Google announced the project in July 2009, conceiving it as an operating system in which both applications and user data reside in the cloud: hence Chrome OS primarily runs web applications.[20]

Due to increase of popularity with 2 in 1 PCs, most recent Chromebooks are introduced with touch screen capability, with Android applications starting to become available for the operating system in 2014. And in 2016, access to Android apps in the entire Google Play Store was introduced on supported Chrome OS devices. With the support of Android applications, there are Chromebook devices that are positioned as tablet based instead of notebooks.

Chrome OS is only available pre-installed on hardware from Google manufacturing partners. An open source equivalent, Chromium OS, can be compiled from downloaded source code. Early on, Google provided design goals for Chrome OS, but has not otherwise released a technical description.

Fuchsia

Fuchsia is a capability-based, real-time operating system (RTOS) currently being developed by Google. It was first discovered as a mysterious code post on GitHub in August 2016, without any official announcement. In contrast to prior Google-developed operating systems such as Chrome OS and Android, which are based on Linux kernels, Fuchsia is based on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel", a small operating system intended for embedded systems. Upon inspection, media outlets noted that the code post on GitHub suggested Fuchsia's capability to run on universal devices, from embedded systems to smartphones, tablets and personal computers. In May 2017, Fuchsia was updated with a user interface, along with a developer writing that the project was not a for experimental, prompting media speculation about Google's intentions with the operating system, including the possibility of it replacing Android.

Current Fuchsia version list:

  • None – Mostly still in early alpha or beta (Currently entering open to developer testing)

LiteOS

LiteOS is a lightweight open source real-time operating system which is part of Huawei's "1+2+1" Internet of Things solution, which is similar to Google Android Things and Samsung Tizen. Huawei LiteOS features lightweight, low-power, fast-response, multi-sensor collaboration, multi-protocol interconnect connectivity, enabling IoT terminals to quickly access the network. Huawei LiteOS will make intelligent hardware development easier. Thereby accelerating the realization of the interconnection of all things. Currently LiteOS are introduce to the consumer market with the Huawei Watch GT series and smartbands.

Current LiteOS version list:

  • LiteOS V2.1 – released on May 2018

PureOS

PureOS is a Debian GNU/Linux derivative using only free software, developed by Purism (company), already used on Purism's laptops and planned for use on the Librem 5 smartphone. Purism, in partnership with GNOME and KDE, aims to separate the CPU from the baseband processor and include hardware kill switches for the phone's Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, camera, microphone and baseband processor, and provide both GNOME and KDE Plasma Mobile as options for the desktop environment.[21][22]

Sailfish OS

Sailfish OS is from Jolla. It is open source with GNU General Public License (GPL) for middleware stack core which comes from MER. Sailfish due to Jolla's business model and due to alliances with various partners and due to intentional design of OS internals, is capable to adopt in several layers third party software including Jolla software e.g. Jolla's UI is proprietary software (closed source), so such components can be proprietary with many different kinds of licences. However, user can replace them with open source components like e.g. NEMO UI instead Jolla's UI. Using third party software extends usability but does not make the OS code close, in the same way as preinstalled Microsoft Word (closed source) on a Linux device does not make Linux closed source.

After Nokia abandoned in 2011 the MeeGo project, most of the MeeGo team left Nokia, and established Jolla as a company to use MeeGo and Mer business opportunities. The MER standard allows it to be launched on any hardware with kernel compatible with MER. In 2012, Linux Sailfish OS based on MeeGo and using middleware of MER core stack distribution was launched for public use. The first device, the Jolla smartphone, was unveiled on May 20, 2013. In 2015, Jolla Tablet was launched and the BRICS countries declared it an officially supported OS there. Jolla started licensing Sailfish OS 2.0 for third parties. Some devices sold are updateable to Sailfish 2.0 with no limits.

Each Sailfish OS version release is named after a Finnish lake:

Sailfish OS versions and names
Version Update Lake name Description
1.0.0.5 – Kaajanlampi
1.0.1.1x 1 Laadunjärvi
1.0.2.5 2 Maadajärvi
1.0.3.8 3 Naamankajärvi
1.0.4.20 4 Ohijärvi
1.0.5.1x 5 Paarlamp
1.0.7.16 7 Saapunki
1.0.8.19 8 Tahkalampi
1.1.0.3x 9 Uitukka
1.1.1.2x 10 Vaarainjärvi
1.1.2.1x 11 Yliaavanlampi
1.1.4.28 13 Äijänpäivänjärvi
1.1.6.27 15 Aaslakkajärvi
1.1.7.24 16 Björnträsket
1.1.9.28 17 Eineheminlampi Pretransition to version 2.0; major UI revamp
2.0.0.10 18 Saimaa Full transition to version 2.0; minor UI and function improvements
2.0.1.11 19 Taalojärvi
2.0.2.51 20 Aurajoki
2.0.4.14 21 Fiskarsinjoki
2.0.5.6 22 Haapajoki
2.1.0.11 23 Iijoki
2.1.1.24 24 Jämsänjoki

Tizen

Tizen (based on the Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system hosted by Linux Foundation, together with support from the Tizen Association, guided by a Technical Steering Group composed of Intel and Samsung.

Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) devices, and smart TVs. It is an open source system (however the SDK was closed source and proprietary) that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizen's main components are the Linux kernel and the WebKit runtime. According to Intel, Tizen "combines the best of LiMo and MeeGo." HTML5 apps are emphasized, with MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen, stating that the "future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5." Tizen will be targeted at a variety of platforms such as handsets, touch pc, smart TVs and in-vehicle entertainment.[23][24] On May 17, 2013, Tizen released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.[25]

While Tizen itself was open source, most of the UX and UI layer that developed by Samsung was mainly closed source and proprietary, such as the TouchWiz UI on the Samsung Z's series smartphone.

Current Tizen version list:

  • Tizen – 1.0 (Larkspur)
  • Tizen – 2.0 (Magnolia)
  • Tizen – 2.1 (Nectarine)
  • Tizen – 2.2.x
  • Tizen – 2.3.x
  • Tizen – 2.4.x (minor UI tweaks)
  • Tizen – RT 1.0
  • Tizen – 3.0 (minor UI tweaks)
  • Tizen – 4.0 (minor UI tweaks)
  • Tizen – 5.0 (under development)

Ubuntu Touch

Ubuntu Touch is from Canonical Ltd.. It is open source and uses the GPL license.[25] Ubuntu Touch as an OS is built using the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services via an LXC container, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.[26] As of August 2018, the desktop environment of Ubuntu Touch is planned to be available as one of the default desktop options on the Librem 5 running PureOS as the operating system.[27]

Though Canonical formally announced it was discontinuing the Ubuntu mobile OS with its integral component Unity8,[28] the independent German non-profit UBPorts Community/("Foundation" paperwork pending in the local Berlin-government) decided to take over the project.[29][30] Canonical started Ubuntu Touch based on Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid Vervet) and UBPorts upgraded the base to the nearest, current long-term support version Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus).

Original Canonical Ubuntu Touch version list:[31]

  • Preview Version (initial release)
  • OTA 2.x
  • OTA 3.x
  • OTA 4.x
  • OTA 5.x
  • OTA 6.x
  • OTA 7.x
  • OTA 8.x
  • OTA 9.x
  • OTA 10.x
  • OTA 11.x
  • OTA 12.x
  • OTA 13.x
  • OTA 14.x
  • OTA 15.x

UBPorts Ubuntu Touch version list:[32]

Desktop environments

Plasma Mobile is a KDE desktop environment for mobile phones intended to be compatible with several different mobile phone operating systems, including PureOS running on the Librem 5.[27]

Others

See also: List of open-source mobile phones

Other open source mobile operating systems under active development as of 2018 include LuneOS, based on webOS; postmarketOS, based on the Alpine Linux GNU/Linux distribution; Maemo Leste; Meizu PRO 5 Ubuntu Edition and Meizu MX4 Ubuntu Edition running Ubuntu Touch; and Necuno using a GNU/Linux distribution and the Plasma Mobile desktop from KDE.[39]

Closed source

Amazfit OS (Proprietary OS)

The proprietary version of Amazfit OS that are develop by Xiaomi backed Huami for their Amazfit Bip smartwatch, however instead of based on Android, it was based on proprietary operating system, thus it is not able to install third party apps such as APK's.

iOS

Main article: iOS

iOS (formerly named iPhone OS) was created by Apple Inc. It has the second largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, but the largest profits, due to aggressive price competition between Android-based manufacturers.[40] It is closed source and proprietary, and is built on the open source Darwin operating system. The iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second or third-generation Apple TV all use iOS, which is derived from macOS.

Native third party applications were not officially supported until the release of iPhone OS 2.0 on July 11, 2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third party applications to be installed. In recent years, the jailbreaking scene has changed drastically due to Apple's continued efforts to secure their operating system and prevent unauthorized modifications. Currently, jailbreaks of recent iterations of iOS are only semi-untethered, which requires a device to be re-jailbroken at every boot, and exploits for jailbreaks are becoming increasingly hard to find and use.

Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and manufactured by Foxconn or another of Apple's partners.

Current iOS version list
  • iPhone OS 1.x (Initial release)
  • iPhone OS 2.x
  • iPhone OS 3.x
  • iOS 4.x
  • iOS 5.x
  • iOS 6.x
  • iOS 7.x (major UI revamp)
  • iOS 8.x
  • iOS 9.x
  • iOS 10.x (minor UI tweaks)
  • iOS 11.x (minor UI tweaks)
  • iOS 12.x
  • iOS 13.x (minor UI tweaks)

watchOS

Main article: watchOS

watchOS is the operating system of the Apple Watch, developed by Apple Inc. It is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar features. It was released on April 24, 2015, along with the Apple Watch, the only device that runs watchOS. It is currently the most widely used wearable operating system. Its features focus on convenience, such as being able to place phone calls and send texts, and health, such as fitness and heart rate tracking.

The most current version of the watchOS operating system is watchOS 5.

Current watchOS version list

Windows 10

Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released on July 29, 2015. Just like its predecessors, it was designed to run across multiple Microsoft product such as PCs and Tablets. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices‍—‌particularly on 2-in-1 PCs.

Windows 10 also introduces the universal apps, expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code‍—‌including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality.

Current Windows 10 version list:

  • Windows 10 – Version 1507 "10.0.10240.x" (Codenamed "Threshold 1") (initial release)
  • Windows 10 – Version 1511 "10.0.10586.x" (November Update)
  • Windows 10 – Version 1607 "10.0.14393.x" (Anniversary Update)
  • Windows 10 – Version 1703 "10.0.15063.x" (Creators Update)
  • Windows 10 – Version 1709 "10.0.16299.x" (Fall Creators Update)
  • Windows 10 – Version 1803 "10.0.17134.x" (April 2018 Update)
  • Windows 10 – Version 1809 "10.0.17763.x" (October 2018 Update)

KaiOS

KaiOS is from Kai. It is based on Firefox OS. Unlike most mobile operating systems which focus on smartphones, KaiOS was developed mainly for feature phones, giving these access to more advanced technologies usually found on smartphones, such as app stores and Wi-Fi/4G capabilities.[41]

Under maintenance only

BlackBerry 10

BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from BlackBerry. As a smartphone OS, it is closed source and proprietary, and only runs on phones and tablets manufactured by BlackBerry.

One of the dominant platforms in the world in late 2000s, its global market share was reduced significantly by mid-2010s. In late 2016, BlackBerry announced that it will continue to support the OS, with a promise to release 10.3.3.[42][43] Therefore, BlackBerry 10 would not receive any major updates as BlackBerry and its partners would focus more on their Android base development.

Current BlackBerry 10 version list:

  • BlackBerry 10.0
  • BlackBerry 10.1
  • BlackBerry 10.2
  • BlackBerry 10.3 – major UI revamp
  • BlackBerry 10.3.3

Windows 10 Mobile

Windows 10 Mobile (formerly called Windows Phone) is from Microsoft. It is closed source and proprietary.

Unveiled on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone includes a user interface inspired by Microsoft's Metro Design Language. It is integrated with Microsoft services such as OneDrive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other non-Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices were made primarily by Microsoft Mobile/Nokia, and also by HTC and Samsung.

On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced that the Windows Phone brand will be phased out and replaced with Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and unification with its PC counterpart Windows 10, and provide a platform for smartphones and tablets with screen sizes under 8 inches.

In October 2017, Microsoft officially announced that they would no longer push any major updates to Windows 10 Mobile, instead it would put it in maintenance mode, where Microsoft would push bug fixes and general improvements only, therefore Windows 10 Mobile would not receive any new feature updates.[44]

Current Windows 10 Mobile version list:

  • Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1511 (November Update "Threshold") – major UI update
  • Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1607 (Anniversary Update "Redstone 1")
  • Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1703 (Creators Update "Redstone 2")
  • Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1709 (Fall Creators Update)

Discontinued software platforms

Open source

CyanogenMod

CyanogenMod was a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It was a custom ROM that was co-developed by the CyanogenMod community. The OS did not include any proprietary apps unless the user installed them. Due to its open source nature, CyanogenMod allowed Android users who could no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official releases from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. The last version of the OS was CyanogenMod 13 which was based on Android Asus

On December 24, 2016, CyanogenMod announced on their blog that they would no longer be releasing any CyanogenMod updates. All development moved to LineageOS.

CyanogenMod version list
  • CyanogenMod 3 (based on Android "Cupcake" 1.5.x, initial release)
  • CyanogenMod 4 (based on Android "Cupcake" and "Donut" 1.5.x and 1.6.x)
  • CyanogenMod 5 (based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1)
  • CyanogenMod 6 (based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x)
  • CyanogenMod 7 (based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x)
  • CyanogenMod 9 (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x, major UI revamp)
  • CyanogenMod 10 (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x)
  • CyanogenMod 11 (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
  • CyanogenMod 12 (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, major UI revamp)
  • CyanogenMod 13 (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x)
  • CyanogenMod 14 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.x.x, discontinued)[45]
Cyanogen OS

Cyanogen OS was based on CyanogenMod and maintained by Cyanogen Inc; however, it included proprietary apps and it was only available for commercial uses.

Cyanogen OS version list
  • Cyanogen OS 11s (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, initial release)
  • Cyanogen OS 12 (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x, major UI revamp)
  • Cyanogen OS 12.1 (based on android "Lollipop" 5.1.x)
  • Cyanogen OS 13 (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x)[46]

Firefox OS

See also: Comparison of Firefox OS devices

Firefox OS[47] (project name: Boot to Gecko, also known as B2G) is from Mozilla. It was an open source mobile operating system released under the Mozilla Public License built on the Android Linux kernel and used Android drivers, but did not use any Java-like code of Android.

According to Ars Technica, "Mozilla says that B2G is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standards-based open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks offered by the dominant mobile operating systems."[48] In September 2016, Mozilla announced that work on Firefox OS has ceased, and all B2G-related code would be removed from mozilla-central.[49]

MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin

Main articles: MeeGo, Maemo, and Moblin

MeeGo was from non-profit organization The Linux Foundation. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled MeeGo, a mobile operating system that combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the Nokia N9 on June 21, 2011 at the Nokia Connection event[50] in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform.[51] Maemo was a platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet tablets. It is open source and GPL, based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its graphical user interface (GUI), frameworks, and libraries from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and application framework.

webOS

webOS was developed by Palm. webOS is an open source mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which launched with the Palm Pre. After being acquired by HP, two phones (the Veer and the Pre 3) and a tablet (the TouchPad) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware would be discontinued,[52] but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop the webOS ecosystem.[53] HP released webOS as open source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features.[54] On February 25, 2013 HP announced the sale of WebOS to LG Electronics, who used the operating system for its "smart" or Internet-connected TVs. However, HP retained patents underlying WebOS and cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.

Closed source

BlackBerry OS

Main article: BlackBerry OS

In 1999, Research In Motion released its first BlackBerry devices, providing secure real-time push-email communications on wireless devices. Services such as BlackBerry Messenger provide the integration of all communications into a single inbox. In September 2012, RIM announced that the 200 millionth BlackBerry smartphone was shipped. As of September 2014, there were around 46 million active BlackBerry service subscribers.[55] In early 2010s, RIM has undergone a platform transition, changing its company name to BlackBerry Limited and making new devices on a new platform named "BlackBerry 10".[56]

Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile is a discontinued operating system from Microsoft that it replaced with Windows Phone.[8][57] It is closed source and proprietary.

The Windows CE operating system and Windows Mobile middleware was widely spread in Asia (which mostly uses Android now). The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile 6 Professional (for touch screen devices) and Windows Mobile 6 Standard, were unveiled in February 2007. It was criticized for having a user interface which is not optimized for touch input by fingers; instead, it is more usable with a stylus. Like iOS, and most other Mobile OS, it supports both touch screen, physical and Bluetooth keyboard configurations. Microsoft phased out the Windows Mobile OS to focus on Windows Phone.[58][59]

Windows Phone

Windows Phone is a family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune. Windows Phone features a new user interface derived from Metro design language. Windows Phone was replaced by Windows 10 Mobile in 2015.

Symbian

The Symbian platform was developed by Nokia for some models of smartphones. It is proprietary software, it was however used by Ericsson (SonyEricsson), Sending and Benq. The operating system was discontinued in 2012, although a slimmed-down version for basic phones was still developed until July 2014. Microsoft officially shelved the platform in favor of Windows Phone after its acquisition of Nokia.[60]

Bada

Bada platform (stylized as bada; Korean: 바다) was an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It was developed by Samsung Electronics. Its name is derived from "바다 (bada)", meaning "ocean" or "sea" in Korean. It ranges from mid- to high-end smartphones. To foster adoption of Bada OS, since 2011 Samsung reportedly has considered releasing the source code under an open-source license, and expanding device support to include Smart TVs. Samsung announced in June 2012 intentions to merge Bada into the Tizen project, but would meanwhile use its own Bada operating system, in parallel with Google Android OS and Microsoft Windows Phone, for its smartphones. All Bada-powered devices are branded under the Wave name, but not all of Samsung's Android-powered devices are branded under the name Galaxy. On February 25, 2013, Samsung announced that it will stop developing Bada, moving development to Tizen instead. Bug reporting was finally terminated in April 2014.[61]

Palm OS

Palm OS/Garnet OS was from Access Co. It is closed source and proprietary. webOS was introduced by Palm in January 2009, as the successor to Palm OS with Web 2.0 technologies, open architecture and multitasking abilities.

Market share

Usage

See also: Usage share of operating systems § Crossover to smartphones having majority share, and Usage share of web browsers § Crossover to smartphones having majority share

In 2006, Android and iOS did not exist and only 64 million smartphones were sold.[62] In 2018 Q1, 383.5 million smartphones were sold and global market share was 85.9% for Android and 14.1% for iOS.[63]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones (alone without tablets) have majority use globally, with desktop computers used much less (and Android in particular more popular than Windows).[64] Use varies however by continent with smartphones way more popular in the biggest continents, i.e. Asia, and the desktop still more popular in some, though not in North America.

The desktop is still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[65]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries (or about to be in more). A few countries on any continent are desktop-minority; European countries (and some in South America, and a few, e.g. Haiti, in North America; and most in Asia and Africa) are smartphone-majority, Poland and Turkey highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[66][67] Spain is also slightly desktop-minority.

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes "India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet"[68] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[69] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (alone, without tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before), and it wasn't a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[70]

In the week from November 7–13, 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time (for a short period; non-full-month).[71] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with e.g. in the United States at 54.89% (but no not on all days).[72] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[73] desktop is way under majority, with Windows under 30% overtaken by Android.

On October 22, 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[74] Since October 27, the desktop hasn't shown majority, not even on weekdays. And smartphones alone have showed majority since December 23 to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[75] To the "mobile"-majority share then of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similarly high also happened on Monday April 17, 2017, with then only smartphones share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, with them combined at 62.88%.

Formerly, according to StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[76] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn't ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

By operating system

Note:

  1. Windows includes all versions.
  2. BlackBerry includes all versions.
  3. Other includes all other smartphone OSes but not feature phone OSes.
See table below for source data.
Gartner: Worldwide smartphone sales (thousands of units)
Quarter Android iOS Windows BlackBerry Symbian Other Total smartphones Total phones
2018 Q1[77] 329,313 54,058 – – – 131 383,503 n/a
2017 Q4 – – – n/a
2017 Q3 – – – n/a
2017 Q2[78] 321,188 44,314 – – – 733 366,234 n/a
2017 Q1[79] 327,164 51,993 – – – 821 379,977 n/a
2016 Q4[80] 352,670 77,039 1,092 208 – 530 431,539 n/a
2016 Q3[81] 327,674 43,000 1,484 378 – 756 373,292 n/a
2016 Q2[82] 296,912 44,395 1,971 400 – 681 344,359 n/a
2016 Q1[83] 293,771 51,630 2,400 660 – 791 349,251 n/a
2015 Q4[84] 325,394 71,526 4,395 907 – 887 403,109 n/a
2015 Q3[85] 298,797 46,062 5,874 977 – 1,133 352,844 477,898
2015 Q2[86] 271,010 48,086 8,198 1,153 – 1,229 329,676 445,758
2015 Q1[87] 265,012 60,177 8,271 1,325 – 1,268 336,054 457,273
2014 Q4[88] 279,058 74,832 10,425 1,734 – 1,286 367,334 460,261
2014 Q3[89] 254,354 38,187 9,033 2,420 – 1,310 305,384 461,064
2014 Q2[86] 243,484 35,345 8,095 2,044 – 2,044 290,384 444,190
2014 Q1[87] 227,549 43,062 7,580 1,714 – 1,371 281,637 448,966
2013 Q4[90] 219,613 50,224 8,534 1,807 – 1,994 282,171 490,342
2013 Q3[91] 205,023 30,330 8,912 4,401 458 1108 250,232 455,642
2013 Q2[92] 177,898 31,900 7,408 6,180 631 1310 225,326 435,158
2013 Q1[93] 156,186 38,332 5,989 6,219 1,349 1971 210,046 425,822
2012 Q4[94] 144,720 43,457 6,186 7,333 2,569 3397 207,662 472,076
2012 Q3[95] 122,480 23,550 4,058 8,947 4,405 5739 169,179 427,730
2012 Q2[96] 98,529 28,935 4,087 7,991 9,072 5072 153,686 419,008
2012 Q1[97] 81,067 33,121 2,713 9,939 12,467 5085 144,392 419,108
2011 Q4[98] 75,906 35,456 2,759 13,185 17,458 4278 149,042 476,555
2011 Q3[99] 60,490 17,295 1,702 12,701 19,500 3497 115,185 440,502
2011 Q2[100] 46,776 19,629 1,724 12,652 23,853 3107 107,740 428,661
2011 Q1[101] 36,350 16,883 2,582 13,004 27,599 3357 99,775 427,846
2010 Q4[98] 30,801 16,011 3,419 14,762 32,642 3515 101,150 452,037
2010 Q3[99] 20,544 13,484 2,204 12,508 29,480 2912 81,133 417,086
2010 Q2[100] 10,653 8,743 3,059 11,629 25,387 2588 62,058 367,987
2010 Q1[101] 5,227 8,360 3,696 10,753 24,068 2,403 54,506 359,605
2009 Q4[102] 4,043 8,676 4,203 10,508 23,857 2,517 53,804 347,103
2009 Q3[103] 1,425 7,040 3,260 8,523 18,315 2,531 41,093 308,895
2009 Q2[104] 756 5,325 3,830 7,782 20,881 2,398 40,972 286,122
2009 Q1[105] 575 3,848 3,739 7,534 17,825 2,986 36,507 269,120
2008 Q4[106] 639 4,079 4,714 7,443 17,949 3,319 38,143 314,708
2008 Q3[107] – 4,720 4,053 5,800 18,179 3,763 36,515 308,532
2008 Q2[108] – 893 3,874 5,594 18,405 3,456 32,221 304,722
2008 Q1[106] – 1,726 3,858 4,312 18,400 4,113 32,408 294,283
2007 Q4[106] – 1,928 4,374 4,025 22,903 3,536 36,766 330,055
2007 Q3[107] – 1,104 4,180 3,192 20,664 3,612 32,752 291,142
2007 Q2[108] – 270 3,212 2,471 18,273 3,628 27,855 272,604
2007 Q1[106] – – 2,931 2,080 15,844 4,087 24,943 259,039
See table below for source data
IDC: Worldwide smartphone shipments (millions of units)
Quarter Android iOS Windows BlackBerry Symbian Other Total
2017 Q1[109] 292.7 50.6 0.34 – – 0.34 344.3
2016 Q4[109] 318.3 71.2 0.78 – – 0.78 391.0
2016 Q3[110] 315.3 45.4 0.9 – – 1.6 363.2
2016 Q2[110] 302.7 40.4 1.4 – – 1.0 345.5
2016 Q1[110] 291.3 53.8 2.79 – – 1.40 349.3
2015 Q4[110] 291.7 68.5 4.40 – – 1.83 366.4
2015 Q3[111] 329.04 46.70 14.67 – – 3.94 394.35
2015 Q2[112] 282.76 47.3 8.8 1.02 – 1.37 341.5
2015 Q1[113] 260.8 61.2 9.03 1.00 – 2.34 334.4
2014 Q4[114] 289.1 74.5 10.70 1.40 – 1.80 377.5
2014 Q3[115] 283.0 39.2 9.72 1.68 – 2.00 335.0
2014 Q2[116] 255.3 35.2 7.4 1.5 – 1.9 301.3
2014 Q1[117] 234.1 43.8 7.2 1.4 – 2.0 288.3
2013 Q4[118] 226.1 51.0 8.8 1.7 – 2.0 289.6
2013 Q3[119] 211.6 33.8 9.5 4.5 – 1.7 261.1
2013 Q2[120] 187.4 31.2 8.7 6.8 0.5 1.8 236.4
2013 Q1[121] 162.1 37.4 7.0 6.3 1.2 2.2 216.2
2012 Q4[122] 159.8 47.8 6.0 7.4 2.7 4.1 227.8
2012 Q3[123] 136.0 26.9 3.6 7.7 4.1 2.8 181.1
2012 Q2[124] 104.8 26.0 5.4 7.4 6.8 3.6 154.0
2012 Q1[125] 89.9 35.1 3.3 9.7 10.4 3.9 152.3
2011 Q4[122] 83.4 36.3 2.4 12.8 18.3 4.6 157.8
2011 Q3[123] 67.7 16.3 1.4 11.3 17.3 4.0 118.1
2011 Q2[124] 50.8 20.4 2.5 12.5 18.3 3.9 108.4
2011 Q1[125] 36.7 18.6 2.6 13.8 26.4 3.5 101.6

See also

References

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Other references

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