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List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces

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Vietnam People's Army
Ministry of National Defence
Command
General Staff
Services
Ranks and history
Vietnamese Army troops on Spratly Island. (2009)

During the First Indochina War (1946 –1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.

Vietnam prioritises economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defence procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defence industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan.[1][2][3]

Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute.[4]

Uniform Equipment

Name Image Type Origin Notes
Helmets
Type A2 Helmet Combat helmet  Vietnam Standard issue – plastic replica of PASGT helmets used for training exercises and combat drill
Vietnamese pith helmet Helmet  Vietnam Standard issue, used as training cover.
SSh-68 Combat helmet  Soviet Union Limited use.
SSh-40 Combat helmet  Soviet Union Limited use.
PASGT Helmet Combat helmet  United States
 Vietnam 		Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel.[5][6]
M1 Helmet Combat helmet  United States Limited use.
Type High Cut Helmet District governor visits a local school 130415-M-BO337-031 Combat helmet  United States Limited use.[citation needed]
Body Equipment
Body Armour Body Armour  Vietnam Limited use. Manufactured locally. NIJ level III[7]
Camouflage Patterns
K-07 Woodland Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues. [8][9]
K-17 Woodland Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Standard camo for ground forces. Similar to the K-07 version, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military.[10][11]
K-17 Multi-Terrain Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen latest on troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations.
Modified Duck Hunter Pattern Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Used by the Vietnamese Ground and Naval Special Forces as well as Army Airborne Troops.
U.S. Woodland "M81" U.S. woodland camouflage pattern swatch Camouflage pattern  United States Limited use.[8]

Infantry weapons

A Vietnamese soldier holding the new standard issue rifle, the IWI ACE 32. (2017)
Model Image Type Caliber Origin Notes
Pistols
K14VN Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Vietnam Standard issue service pistol alongside the K54. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. This model is equipped with a longer barrel, and a double-stack magazine that holds an increased capacity of 13 rounds.[12][13]
K54 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (from the Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14VN.
IWI Jericho 941 Jehrico 941 F Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  Israel Limited use in the army and police, they are being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols.

Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[14][15][16]

PM Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59.[17]
CZ-82 Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov  Czech Republic Used by police officers. Limited use in the army.[17]
Browning Hi-Power Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  Belgium Stored in reserves for shooting ranges.
CZ 75 Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  Czech Republic Only a small number for testing.
M1911A1 Semi-automatic pistol .45 ACP  United States Limited use
CornerShot Weapon accessory  Israel Used by the Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.[18][19]
Assault rifles
STV-215

STV-380

Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Vietnam Standard issue rifle. Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The STV-215 is the Carbine version of the STV-380, it has a barrel length of 215mm.[20][21]
Galil ACE Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Israel
 Vietnam 		Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. The domestically made version has the charging handles located on the right side similar to traditional AK-47s. They have been replaced as the standard issue rifle by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380.[22][23]
STL-1A Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Vietnam Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[24]
AKM Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Still manufactured, old models are being converted to the domestically made STL-1A/STL-1B rifles or upgraded to AKM-1 standards. Replaced as the standard issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.[25][24]
AK-47 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Limited use. Being phased out by more modern weapons such as the IWI Galil or STV-215/STV-380.
Type 56 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  China
 Vietnam		 Limited use. Replaced as the standard issue rifle by the STV380/STV215.
CAR-15 Carbine 5.56×45mm NATO  United States

 Vietnam

Used by Special Forces, Marines and Marine Police. Manufactured locally as the M18 at the Z111 Factory, locally produced version of the XM177E2.[26]
AK-74 Assault rifle 5.45×39mm  Soviet Union Received as gifts from Soviet Union in limited numbers.
Type 58 Assault rifle 7.62x39mm  North Korea Limited use. Sent as Military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War.
IWI Tavor TAR-21 Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO  Israel Used by Special Forces and Marines.[22][23]
vz. 58 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Czechoslovakia Limited use.[27]
CZ 805 BREN Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO  Czech Republic Only a small number of testing.
Special Operations Assault Rifle Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO  United States Limited use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
FN FNC Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO  Belgium Limited use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
M16 Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO  United States M16A1 and XM16E1 used by militia forces. M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers.
SKS Carbine 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union Used by honour guards and militia forces.
M1 Carbine Carbine .30 Carbine  United States Used by militia forces.
M1 Garand Semi-automatic rifle 30-06 Springfield  United States Used by militia forces.
M14 Battle rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  United States Stored in reserves.
Submachine guns
PP-19 Bizon Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  Russia
 Vietnam		 Used by special forces. Manufactured locally as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory. The locally produced version comes with a Galil-style stock, and is chambered in 9×19mm. [28][29]
Micro Uzi Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  Israel Used by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
Uzi Pro Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  Israel Used by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
CZ Scorpion Evo 3 Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  Czech Republic Only a small number for testing.
FN P90 Submachine gun FN 5.7×28mm  Belgium Used by special forces during joint training operations with Singapore.
MP5 Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  West Germany Used by Mobile Police teams
PM-63 Machine pistol/Submachine gun 9×18mm Makarov  Poland Used by special forces and guard police.
Shotguns
MP-133 Pump-action shotgun 12 Gauge  Russia Limited use.
KS-23 Shotgun 23×75mmR  Soviet Union Limited use.
Mossberg 500 PEO Mossberg 590A1 Shotgun 12 Gauge  United States Used by mobile police forces.
Remington Model 870 Remington 870 Wmaster Shotgun 12 Gauge  United States Used by mobile police forces.
Sniper rifles
Dragunov SVD Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union Standard issue sniper rifle.
IWI Galatz Sniper rifle 7.62×51mm  Israel Used by special forces and Marine Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
Orsis Т-5000M Sniper rifle .338LM  Russia Used by police and special forces
VSK-94 Designated marksman rifle 9×39mm  Russia Used by special forces.
PSR-90 Sniper rifle 7.62×51mm  West Germany
 Pakistan		 Used by police forces.
CZ-750 S1M2 Sniper rifle 7.62×51mm  Czech Republic Used by police forces.
OSV-96 Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm  Russia
 Vietnam		 Used by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[31]
KSVK Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm  Russia
 Vietnam		 Used by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
WKW Wilk Anti-material rifle .50 BMG  Poland +50 examples were bought.[32]
Machine guns
TUL-1 Light machine gun 7.62×39mm  Vietnam Vietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the frame of chinese Type 56 assault rifle but with stock of an RPK, barrel sights from an RPD and 30 round magazine used on the AK-47/Type 56, there are rare 40 round magazines. The TUL-1 body was thin, only 1 mm compared to the 1.5 mm of an RPK. It was also heavier and had an inferior rate of fire compared to the RPK. However, the firing rate and effective range of the weapon was successfully better than that of an AK-47/Type 56. The TUL-1 LMGs were manufactured between 1970–1974 and ended after Vietnam obtained production rights to the RPK itself.
PKM General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[33]
RPK Light machine gun 7.62×39mm  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
RPD Light machine gun 7.62×39mm  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
IWI Negev Light machine gun 5.56×45mm NATO  Israel Limited use. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
Type 67 General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  China Limited use.
FN MAG General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  Belgium Limited use.
M240B General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  United States Limited use by Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
M60 File:M60GPMG.jpeg General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  United States Limited use.
FN Minimi Mk3 Light machine gun 5.56×45mm NATO  Belgium Limited use in special forces and Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[34]
NSV Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[35][36]
DShK Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV.
M1919 Browning machine gun Medium machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  United States Limited use.
M2 Browning Heavy machine gun 12.7×99mm (.50)  United States Limited use.
M134 Minigun Rotary heavy machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  United States Limited use.[37]
Grenade-based weapons
AGS-17 Grenade launcher 30mm Grenade  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Standard issue. Manufactured locally.
M203 Grenade launcher 40mm Grenade  United States
 Vietnam		 Manufactured locally as the T-40 at the Z111 Factory. Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21.[29]
M79 Grenade launcher 40mm Grenade  United States
 Vietnam		 Standard issue. Manufactured locally.[38]
Milkor MGL Grenade launcher 40mm Grenade  South Africa
 Vietnam 		Used by special forces. Manufactured locally as the MGL-VN1.[39]
Mortars
STA-50 Light mortar 50mm Mortar  Vietnam Manufactured locally at the Z117 Factory. [40]
M2 mortar Infantry mortar 60mm Mortar  United States
82-PM-41 Mortar 82mm Mortar  Soviet Union
M1938 Mortar 107mm Mortar  Soviet Union
PM-43 Mortar 120mm Mortar  Soviet Union
M1943 Mortar 160mm Mortar  Soviet Union
Portable anti-materiel weapons
SPG-9 Anti-tank recoilless rifle 73mm HEAT  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Manufactured locally.
B-10 Anti-tank recoilless rifle 82mm HEAT  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Manufactured locally.
RPG-7

(B-41 in Vietnam)

Rocket-propelled grenade 40mm HEAT  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Manufactured locally.
RPG-29 Rocket-propelled grenade 105mm HEAT  Soviet Union
 Vietnam 		Manufactured locally under the name of SCT-29. [41] [42]
M72 LAW Anti-tank weapon 66mm HEAT  United States
9M14 Malyutka Guided anti-tank missile 125mm HEAT  Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Manufactured locally under license from Serbia version with improved SACLOS guidance.
9M113 Konkurs Guided anti-tank missile 135mm HEAT  Soviet Union
9K111 Fagot Guided anti-tank missile 120mm HEAT  Soviet Union
MATADOR Anti-armour 90mm anti-armour  Israel Used by Marines.
RPO-A Shmel Thermobaric rocket-propelled 93mm FAE  Russia Only for chemical forces.

Vehicles

Vehicle Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
Tanks
T-90S/SK Main battle tank  Russia 64[43]
T-72B1MS Main battle tank  Russia On order[44]
T-62 Main battle tank  Soviet Union 70[45][46]
T-54/55 Main battle tank  Soviet Union 850[45] Currently around 100 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese T-54M modernized program at Z153 factory.
Type-59 T-59 MBT pic-022 Main battle tank  China 350[45] Type 59-I.
T-34 Medium tank  Soviet Union
 50[47] Partially retired and used as trainer tank or coastal and islands defences.
PT-76 Light tank  Soviet Union 300[45]
PT-85
Light Tank  North Korea 150
Type 62 Light tank  China 320[45]
Infantry fighting vehicles
BMP-1 Infantry fighting vehicle  Soviet Union 150[48]
BMP-2 Infantry fighting vehicle  Soviet Union 150[48]
Armoured personnel carriers
M113 Armoured personnel carrier  United States 200[45] Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9 .
M106 mortar carrier Mortar carrier  United States Unknown Vietnamese 100mm mortars
Type 63 Armoured personnel carrier  China 80[45]
BTR-40 Armoured personnel carrier  Soviet Union 100
BTR-50PK Armoured personnel carrier  Soviet Union 280[49]
BTR-60 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier  Soviet Union 500[48]
BTR-152 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier  Soviet Union 400[48] One is converted to an armored ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as a part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan
Armoured cars
RAM–2000 Armoured car  Israel 150[45][48]
BRDM-1 Armoured scout car  Soviet Union 150[45][48]
BRDM-2 Armoured scout car  Soviet Union 150[45][48]
Artillery
SS-1 Scud B/C/D Tactical ballistic missile  Soviet Union 24[50]
BM-14 140mm multiple rocket launcher  Soviet Union Unknown
BM-21 122mm multiple rocket launcher  Soviet Union 350[45]
Type 63 107mm multiple rocket launcher  China 360[45]
2S1 Gvozdika 122mm self-propelled artillery  Soviet Union Unknown
2S3 Akatsiya 152mm self-propelled artillery  Soviet Union 30[48]
SU-100 100mm tank destroyer  Soviet Union Unknown Used by coastal defence forces of PNVN.[51]
ASU-85 85mm self-propelled artillery  Soviet Union Unknown
M101 105mm towed artillery  United States Unknown
M114 155mm towed artillery  United States Unknown
2A18 (D-30) towed howitzer 122mm towed artillery  Soviet Union Unknown
M-30 towed howitzer[52] 122mm towed artillery  Soviet Union Unknown
D-74 towed howitzer[53] 122mm towed artillery  Soviet Union
unknown
M1954 (M-46)/Type 59 towed field gun 130mm towed artillery  Soviet Union
 China		 519
M1955 (D-20) towed gun-howitzer 152mm towed artillery  Soviet Union Unknown
Engineering vehicles
BTS-4 Armoured recovery vehicle  Soviet Union Unknown
IMR-2 Armoured engineering vehicle  Soviet Union 2 Based on T-72 chassis
BREM-1M Armoured recovery vehicle  Russia Unknown Based on T-90 chassis [54]
PTS-M Tracked amphibious transport  Soviet Union Unknown
GSP-55 Self-propelled amphibious Ferry  Soviet Union Unknown
PMP Floating Bridge Pontoon bridge  Soviet Union Unknown
TMM-3M Armoured vehicle-launched bridge  Russia Unknown
MS-20 Daglezja Armoured vehicle-launched bridge  Poland Unknown
ATS-59G Cargo carrier  Soviet Union Unknown
M548 Artillery tractor  United States Unknown
Logistic vehicles
Zil-130  Soviet Union
Zil-131  Soviet Union
Zil-157  Soviet Union
Gaz-53  Soviet Union
Gaz-66  Soviet Union
Ural-375  Soviet Union
Ural-43206  Soviet Union
Gaz-3308 Sadko  Russia
Kraz-255B  Ukraine
Kraz-6322  Ukraine
Isuzu F-Series  Japan
Hyundai HD170  South Korea
KamaZ-43253 Light tactical truck  Russia Unknown Replacing older Ural trucks[55]
KamAZ 43118 Medium tactical truck  Russia Unknown Replacing older Ural trucks [55]
KamAZ 65224 Medium tactical truck  Russia Unknown Replacing older Ural trucks [55]
MAN HX58 Tactical military truck  Germany

Procurement

In 2006, Israel reported to the United Nations Register Organisation of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) that two of its light armoured vehicles had been sold to Vietnam.[56] A number of Israeli companies won a bid to modernise and upgrade T-54/55 tanks as well as establishing factories in the country. Israel's program includes upgrading armour, night vision system and a fire control system upgrade (produced in Poland). In May 2002, Vietnam and Ukraine reached an agreement of military technical co-operation which extended to 2005. Accordingly, Ukraine will support Vietnam primarily to upgrade its armour and artillery, and improve weapons co-production and repair facilities.[56] In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence of Finland ceded to Vietnam about 70 T-54 and T-55 tanks from the Soviet era. In early March 2005, Poland signed a contract to sell to Vietnam 150 T-72 tanks which would have been used to support training, ammunition, equipment maintenance, and repair, but this contract was cancelled in 2006 because Vietnam wanted to focus more on its Navy and Air Force.[56] In addition to upgrading tanks, the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam signed a military co-operation agreement with Russia. The Vietnamese have also developed the capacity to produce their own equipment and repair existing equipment.

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  50. ^ Brianna Starosciak (5 January 2012). "Worldwide Ballistic Missile Inventories (See Vietnam)". Arms Control Association; Missile Defense Agency; US Department of Defense; Congressional Research Service; National Air and Space Intelligence Center; US Department of State; Federation of American Scientists. Arms Control Association. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
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  52. ^ "Ngạc nhiên: Pháo M-30 vẫn trực chiến trong QĐND Việt Nam". kienthuc.net.vn. 10 December 2016.
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