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Patiala State

Coordinates: 31°07′N 77°38′E / 31.117°N 77.633°E / 31.117; 77.633
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State of Patiala
1763–1947
Coat of arms of Patiala
Coat of arms
CapitalPatiala
Common languagesPunjabi (official)
Religion
Sikh
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy (1763 - 1947)
Maharaja 
• 1707 - 1765
Ala Singh
• 1938 - 1947
Yadavindra Singh
History 
• Established
1763
• Disestablished
1947
Area
• Total
15,389 km2 (5,942 sq mi)
Population
• 1881[1]
1,467,433
• 1891[1]
1,583,521
• 1901[1]
1,596,692
CurrencyRupee And Paisa
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Mughal Empire
Durrani Empire
Phulkian Misl
East India Company
Sikh Empire
PEPSU
Republic of India
Today part ofIndia
Pakistan
  1. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_046.gif

Patiala State was a self-governing princely state of the British Empire in India, and one of the Phulkian States, that acceded to the Union of India upon Indian independence and partition. Patiala Kingdom/State was founded by Sidhu Jat Sikhs.

Early proposals of a Sikh nation of ‘Sikhistan’ led by Maharaja of Patiala were published by Dr VS Bhatti in 1940 for a “Khalistan led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representative federating units”.[2][3][4][5] These would consist of the central districts of Punjab province then directly administered by the British, including Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Ambala, Ferozpur, Amritsar and Lahore; the 'princely states' of the Cis-Sutlej, including Patiala, Nabha, Faridkot and Malerkolta; and the 'Shimla Group' of states. After partition of India in 1947, The Liberator, a Sikh publication advocated for Khalistan which would include East Punjab merged with PEPSU led by Maharaja of Patiala as its monarch.[6]

Etymology

The state's name came from the name of its principal city and capital, Patiala, which itself comes from the roots patti and ala. The word patti means "strip of land" in Punjabi, and 'ala' comes from the name of the founder of the city and Patiala state, Ala Singh, thus meaning ‘the land of Ala Singh’ [7]

1946 map of India showing the various states; Patiala is found in the middle of eastern Punjab

Brief history

Part of a series on the
History of India
Timeline
Prehistoric
Ancient
Classical
Early medieval
Late medieval
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Related articles

In 1763, the Sikh confederation captured the fortress of Sirhind

Rulers

Main article: Maharaja of Patiala

The rulers of Patiala bore the title 'Maharaja-e Rajgan' from 1810 onward.[citation needed]

Maharajas

  • 29 Mar 1761 – 22 August 1765: Ala Singh (b. 1691 – d. 1765)
  • 22 Aug 1765 – 1767:Amar Singh (b. 1748 – d. 1781)

Raja-e Rajgan

  • 1767 – 5 February 1781: Amar Singh (s.a.)
  • Feb 1781 – 1810: Sahib Singh (b. 1774 – d. 1813)

Maharaja-e Rajgan

  • 1810 – 26 March 1813: Sahib Singh (s. a.)
  • 26 Mar 1813 – 23 December 1845: Karam Singh (b. 1797 – d. 1845)
    • 26 Mar 1813 – 1823: Maharani Aus Kaur (f) – Regent (b. 1772 – d. af.1823)
  • 23 Dec 1845 – 13 November 1862: Narendra Singh (b. 1823 – d. 1862) (from 25 June 1861 Sir Narendra Singh)
  • 13 Nov 1862 – 14 April 1876: Mahendra Singh (b. 1852 – d. 1876) (from 28 May 1870 Sir Mahendra Singh)
    • 13 Nov 1862 – 26 February 1870: Jagdish Singh (Regent, chairman of regency council)
  • 14 Apr 1876 – 9 November 1900: Rajinder Singh (b. 1872 – d. 1900) (from 21 May 1898 Sir Rajendra Singh)
    • 14 April 1876 – Oct 1890: Sir Deva Singh (Regent) (b. 1834 – d. 1890) (chairman of regency council)
  • 9 November 1900 – 23 March 1938: Bhupinder Singh (b. 1891 – d. 1938) (from 12 December 1911 Sir Bhupindra Singh)
    • 9 November 1900 – 3 November 1910: Sardar Gurmukh Singh – (Regent, chairman of regency council)
  • 23 Mar 1938 – 15 August 1947: Yadavindra Singh (b. 1913 – d. 1974) (from 1 January 1942 Sir Yadavindra Singh)

Demographics

Religion

Religion in Patiala State (1941)[8]: 42 
Religion Population Percentage
Sikhism 896,021 46.28%
Hinduism [a] 597,488 30.86%
Islam 436,539 22.55%
Christianity 1,412 0.07%
Others[b] 4,799 0.25%
Total Population 1,936,259 100%
  • Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia on left and Amar Singh of Patiala on right, late 18th century
    Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia on left and Amar Singh of Patiala on right, late 18th century
  • Miniature painting of Raja Amar Singh of Patiala, ca.1830
    Miniature painting of Raja Amar Singh of Patiala, ca.1830
  • Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala.
    Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala.
  • The main gate of the Qila Mubarak
    The main gate of the Qila Mubarak
  • Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala
    Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala
  • Maharaja Mahendra Singh of Patiala
    Maharaja Mahendra Singh of Patiala
  • Maharaja Rajinder Singh of Patiala
    Maharaja Rajinder Singh of Patiala
  • A panel of seven portraits of rulers of Patiala State
    A panel of seven portraits of rulers of Patiala State
  • Detail of an informal visit at Moti Bagh Palace from an album of photographs compiled by the wife of Dr. H.R. Hunter during his time as Dental Surgeon at Moti Bagh Palace during the reign of Maharajah Bhupinder Singh, circa 1922–23
    Detail of an informal visit at Moti Bagh Palace from an album of photographs compiled by the wife of Dr. H.R. Hunter during his time as Dental Surgeon at Moti Bagh Palace during the reign of Maharajah Bhupinder Singh, circa 1922–23

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ^ Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

References

  1. ^ a b c Imperial gazetteer of India. Vol. XX Pardi to Pusad. 1908. pp. 40, 42.
  2. ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. doi:10.4324/9780203937211. ISBN 9781134101894.
  3. ^ Shani, Giorgio (6 December 2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-10188-7.
  4. ^ Archives, The National. "The National Archives - Homepage". The National Archives. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  5. ^ Pathak, Ritika (12 December 2020). "Khalistan movement: Origin and the two different narratives". Newshour Press. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  6. ^ Singh, Amar. "Let Patiala Lead The Panth To Glory". National Achieves UK.
  7. ^ Kaur, Roopam Jasmeet; Idris, Mohammad (2011). "The Development of Education in Patiala District (1948-2001): A Gendered Analysis". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 72: 1460–1470. JSTOR 44145757.
  8. ^ "Census Of India, 1941 Volume VI Punjab Province". Retrieved 17 January 2023.


Further reading

31°07′N 77°38′E / 31.117°N 77.633°E / 31.117; 77.633

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