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Wes Anderson
Anderson at the Berlin Film Festival (2018)
Born
Wesley Wales Anderson

(1969-05-01) May 1, 1969 (age 55)
Houston, Texas, U.S.
Alma materUniversity of Texas at Austin (BA)
Occupations
  • Film director
  • producer
  • screenwriter
  • animator
Years active1994–present
PartnerJuman Malouf
Children1
RelativesEric Chase Anderson (brother)

Wesley Wales Anderson (born May 1, 1969) is an American filmmaker. His films are known for their eccentricity, unique visual and narrative styles,[1] and frequent use of ensemble casts. They often contain themes of grief, loss of innocence, and dysfunctional families. Some critics cite Anderson as a modern-day example of an auteur. Three of his films have appeared in BBC Culture's 2016 poll of the greatest films since 2000.[2]

He gained acclaim for his early films Bottle Rocket (1996) and Rushmore (1998). He often collaborated with brothers Luke Wilson and Owen Wilson during that time and founded his production company American Empirical Pictures, which he runs.[3] He then received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for The Royal Tenenbaums (2001). His next films included The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004), The Darjeeling Limited (2007), and his first stop-motion film, Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature nomination, and then Moonrise Kingdom (2012), earning his second Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nomination.

For his film The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), he received his first Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Picture, and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay.[4] Later works include his second stop-motion film, Isle of Dogs (2018), earning him the Silver Bear for Best Director,[5] followed by The French Dispatch (2021) and Asteroid City (2023).

Early life and education

Wesley Wales Anderson was born on May 1, 1969, in Houston, Texas, to Ann Anderson (née Burroughs), a realtor and archaeologist,[6] and Melver Leonard Anderson, who worked in advertising and public relations.[7][8][9][10] He is the second of three boys; his parents divorced when he was eight.[10] His older brother, Mel, is a physician, and his younger brother, Eric Chase Anderson, is a writer and artist whose paintings and designs have appeared in several of Anderson's films, including The Royal Tenenbaums.[11] Anderson is of English, Swedish, and Norwegian ancestry.[12]

He graduated from St. John's School in Houston in 1987, which he later used as a prominent location in Rushmore.[13] As a child, Anderson made silent films on his father's Super 8 camera, which starred his brothers and friends, although his first ambition was to be a writer.[10][11] Anderson worked part-time as a cinema projectionist at Hogg Memorial Auditorium while attending the University of Texas at Austin, where he met his roommate[14][15] and future collaborator Owen Wilson in 1989.[10][16] In 1991, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with a major in philosophy.[17][11]

Film career

1990s

Anderson's first film was Bottle Rocket (1996), based on a short film of the same name that he made with Luke and Owen Wilson. It was a crime caper about a group of young Texans aspiring to achieve major heists. It was well reviewed but performed poorly at the box office.[18][19][20]

His next film was Rushmore (1998), a quirky comedy about a high school student's crush on an elementary school teacher starring Jason Schwartzman, Bill Murray, and Olivia Williams. It was a critical and financial success.[21] The film launched Murray's second act as a respected actor in independent cinema. Murray has appeared in many of Anderson's subsequent films. At the 1999 Independent Spirit Awards, Anderson won the Best Director award and Murray won Best Supporting Male. Murray also earned a nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture. In 2000, filmmaker Martin Scorsese praised Bottle Rocket and Rushmore.[22] Since its release, Rushmore has gained cult status, and in 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.[23]

2000s

Anderson in 2005

Anderson's next comedy-drama, The Royal Tenenbaums, was released in 2001. The film focuses on a successful, artistic New York City family and its ostracized patriarch, played by Gene Hackman. It also stars Anjelica Huston as the ex-wife and Ben Stiller, Luke Wilson, and Gwyneth Paltrow as the children. The film was a box-office and critical success. It was Anderson's greatest financial success until Moonrise Kingdom, earning more than $50 million in domestic box-office receipts. The Royal Tenenbaums was nominated for an Academy Award and ranked by an Empire poll as the 159th greatest film ever made.[24]

Anderson's next feature was The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004), about a Jacques Cousteau-esque documentary filmmaker played by Bill Murray. The film also stars Owen Wilson, Cate Blanchett, Willem Dafoe, Jeff Goldblum, Anjelica Huston, and Michael Gambon. It is a classic example of Anderson's style, but its critical reception was less favorable than his previous films', and its box office did not match the heights of The Royal Tenenbaums.[25] In September 2006, Steely Dan's Walter Becker and Donald Fagen released a tongue-in-cheek "letter of intervention" for Anderson's artistic "malaise" following the disappointing commercial and critical reception of The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, proclaiming themselves to be fans of World Cinema and of Anderson in particular. They offered Anderson their soundtrack services for The Darjeeling Limited, including lyrics for a title track.[26]

The Darjeeling Limited (2007) was about three emotionally distant brothers traveling together on a train in India. It reflects the more dramatic tone of The Royal Tenenbaums but faced criticism similar to those of The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou. Anderson has acknowledged that he went to India to film the movie partly as a tribute to Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray, whose "films have also inspired all my other movies in different ways" (the film is dedicated to him).[27] The film stars Anderson staples Jason Schwartzman and Owen Wilson in addition to Adrien Brody, and the script is by Anderson, Schwartzman, and Roman Coppola.[28]

Anderson has also made several notable short films. In addition to the original Bottle Rocket short, he made Hotel Chevalier (2007), which is set in Paris. It is a prologue to The Darjeeling Limited, and stars Schwartzman alongside Natalie Portman.

He wrote a script for Brian Grazer for an English-language remake of Patrice Leconte's My Best Friend. In 2010 he said that he did not plan to direct the film, tentatively called The Rosenthaler Suite.[29]

In 2009, Anderson's stop-motion-animated film adaptation based on the Roald Dahl book Fantastic Mr Fox was released. Its voice actors include Murray, Dafoe, Schwartzman, Brody, Gambon, Owen Wilson, George Clooney, and Meryl Streep. Critics praised it highly and it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, although it barely made back its production budget.

2010s

Anderson, Koyu Rankin, Liev Schreiber, Jeff Goldblum, Kunichi Nomura, and panel moderator Anatol Weber at the Isle of Dogs press conference at Berlinale 2018

In 2012, Anderson's film Moonrise Kingdom was released, debuting at the Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or.[30] The film is a coming-of-age comedy set in a fictional New England town. It includes ensemble performances by Bill Murray, Edward Norton, Bruce Willis, Frances McDormand, and Tilda Swinton. The film is emblematic of Anderson's style and earned him another Academy Award nomination for his screenplay. The film was also a financial success, earning $68.3 million at the box office against a budget of only $16 million.

In 2014, Anderson's next film, The Grand Budapest Hotel, was released. It stars Ralph Fiennes, Tony Revolori, Saoirse Ronan, Jeff Goldblum, Willem Dafoe, F. Murray Abraham, and several of Anderson's regular collaborators, including Murray, Owen Wilson, Swinton and Schwartzman.[31] It is mostly set in the 1930s and follows the adventures of M. Gustave, the hotel's concierge, making "a marvelous mockery of history, turning its horrors into a series of graceful jokes and mischievous gestures", according to The New York Times.[32] The film is one of Anderson's greatest critical and commercial successes, grossing nearly $175 million worldwide and earning dozens of award nominations, including nine Oscar nominations with four wins for Best Production Design, Best Costume Design, Best Makeup, and Best Original Score.[33] These nominations also included his first for Best Director.

Anderson returned to stop-motion animation with Isle of Dogs.[34] Production on the film started in the United Kingdom in October 2016, and it was released in March–April 2018.[35][36][37] The film received Academy Award nominations for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Score.[38]

2020s

Anderson's film The French Dispatch is set in post-war France and stars Benicio Del Toro, Jeffrey Wright, Bill Murray, Frances McDormand, Owen Wilson, Willem Dafoe, Adrien Brody, Tilda Swinton and Timothée Chalamet. Its release was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, finally premiering at the Cannes Film Festival on July 12, 2021, with a general release in the United States on October 22, 2021.[39] In the meantime, Searchlight Pictures released in September 2021 an animated music video of Christophe's "Aline" covered by Jarvis Cocker, directed by Anderson with animations by Javi Aznarez.[40][41]

In November 2021, Anderson finished filming Asteroid City, but few details were revealed to the press.[42] Much of the film was shot in the Spanish city of Chinchón, where a huge diorama set reproducing Monument Valley was constructed.[43][44] The film stars Tom Hanks, Scarlett Johansson, Adrien Brody, Tilda Swinton, Bryan Cranston, Jeff Goldblum, Hope Davis, and Jeffrey Wright, among others.[45] It premiered at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival. It had its United States theatrical release on June 16, 2023. The film received generally positive reviews.

Anderson then directed an adaptation of Roald Dahl's short story collection The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More for Netflix. The 41-minute short film titled The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar premiered at the 2023 Venice Film Festival. It received critical acclaim. It was followed by a limited U.S theatrical release on September 20, and a Netflix premier on September 27, 2023. It stars Benedict Cumberbatch, Dev Patel, Ralph Fiennes, and Ben Kingsley.[46][47] Wes Anderson had three other short films based on Roald Dahl's work also premier on Netflix in September 2023. The other shorts all of which are 16 minutes long, are "The Swan", "The Rat Catcher" and "Poison". They released on September 28, September 29 and September 30, respectively.[48]

Upcoming projects

In 2023, it was announced that Anderson was planning to begin his twelfth feature, starring Michael Cera, Benicio del Toro, Bryan Cranston, and Jeff Goldblum.[49]

Directing techniques

Cinematic influences

Anderson's cinematic influences include Woody Allen,[50] Pedro Almodóvar,[51] Satyajit Ray,[27] Hal Ashby,[52] and Roman Polanski.[53] In an interview with Hoda Kotb on Today, Bryan Cranston gave insight into Anderson's process (on the same day as one of his Asteroid City co-stars, Jason Schwartzman, who built a darkroom in his house because he thought Anderson would approve of his character development). Schwartzman was on Today 3rd Hour. Cranston said:

"But it's also what surrounds it, where all the actors stay in the same hotel. We have dinner at one table every single night with Wes and all guests; it's like actor camp... On a Wes Anderson film there are no trailers, no dressing rooms... there's no hierarchy, no call sheet—you are just ready to go at about 9:30, 10:00 in the morning in your wardrobe. You hop in his golf cart with him or a van and you go to the set... you hang out with everyone so you never know if you are going to be called into a scene. He's such a kind and generous spirit... also in his personal life. Everyone makes the same amount of money. You just show up and off you go. Sometimes you might [be] just a small supporting role in a scene and then [in] others you'll be the lead in a movie.[54]

Anderson has a unique directorial style that has led several critics to consider him an auteur.[55][56][57][58] He is considered a central figure in American Eccentric Cinema.[59]

Some have noted many similarities between much of Anderson's work and the 1984 film The Hotel New Hampshire, a quirky and eccentric comedy-drama written and directed by Tony Richardson which featured an ensemble cast including Jodie Foster, Beau Bridges, Rob Lowe, Nastassja Kinski, Amanda Plummer, Matthew Modine, and Seth Green in his film debut.[60]

Themes and stories

Anderson's work has been classified as postmodern, on account of his nostalgic attention to detail, his subversion of mainstream conventions of narrative, his references to different genres in the same film, and his love for eccentric characters with complex sexual identities.[61][62]

Anderson has mostly directed fast-paced comedies marked by more serious or melancholic elements, with themes often centered on grief, loss of innocence, dysfunctional families, parental abandonment, adultery, sibling rivalry and unlikely friendships. His movies have been noted as unusually character-driven and, by turns, both derided and praised with terms like "literary geek chic".[63][64] Their plots often feature thefts and unexpected disappearances, with a tendency to borrow liberally from the caper genre.[65]

Visual style

Anderson has been noted for extensive use of flat space camera moves, symmetrical compositions, knolling, snap-zooms, slow-motion walking shots, a deliberately limited color palette, and handmade art direction often utilizing miniatures.[66] These stylistic choices give his movies a distinctive quality that has provoked much discussion, critical study, supercuts, mash-ups, and parody. Many writers, critics, and Anderson himself have commented that this gives his movies the feel of being "self-contained worlds" or a "scale-model household".[67] According to Jesse Fox Mayshark, his films have "a baroque pop bent that is not realist, surrealist or magic realist", but rather might be described as "fabul[ist]".[68] In 2019, the company Murals Wallpaper launched a line of wallpapers inspired by the visual design of Anderson's films.[69]

Since The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, Anderson has relied more heavily on stop motion animation and miniatures, even making entire features with stop motion animation with Fantastic Mr. Fox and Isle of Dogs.[70]

Soundtracks

Anderson frequently uses pop music from the 1960s and '70s on the soundtracks of his films, and one band or musician tends to dominate each soundtrack. Rushmore prominently featured Cat Stevens and British Invasion groups; The Royal Tenenbaums featured Nico; The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, David Bowie, including both originals and covers performed by Seu Jorge; The Darjeeling Limited and Rushmore, the Kinks; Fantastic Mr. Fox, the Beach Boys; and Moonrise Kingdom, Hank Williams. Moonrise Kingdom is also filled with the music of Benjamin Britten, which is tied to a number of major plot points.[71] The Darjeeling Limited also borrowed music styles from Satyajit Ray's films.

The Grand Budapest Hotel, which is mostly set in the 1930s, eschews pop music, instead using music by Alexandre Desplat. Its soundtrack won Desplat the Academy Award for Best Original Score, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Score of the Year.

The soundtracks for his films have often brought renewed attention to the artists featured, most prominently in the case of "These Days", which was used in The Royal Tenenbaums.[72]

Anderson has said that his favorite musical is Meet Me in St. Louis.[15]

Recurring collaborators

See also: Wes Anderson filmography § Frequent collaborators

Anderson's films feature many recurring actors, including the Wilson brothers (Owen, Luke, and Andrew), Bill Murray, Jason Schwartzman, Anjelica Huston, Willem Dafoe, Jeff Goldblum, Edward Norton, Adrien Brody, Bob Balaban, and Tilda Swinton.[73][74] Robert Yeoman has served as director of photography for all of Anderson's live-action films, while Mark Mothersbaugh composed Anderson's first four films, and Alexandre Desplat the next six, taking over with Fantastic Mr. Fox.[75] Randall Poster has served as music supervisor for all of Anderson's films since Rushmore. Anderson has co-written films with Noah Baumbach, Roman Coppola, and Hugo Guinness. His films have often been financed by Steven Rales through his production company Indian Paintbrush.[76]

Personal life

Anderson is in a romantic relationship with Lebanese writer, costume designer, and voice actress Juman Malouf,[77][78] the daughter of novelist Hanan al-Shaykh.[79] Malouf gave birth to the couple's daughter in 2016.[80]

Anderson has maintained an apartment in Paris since 2005, after spending most of his adult life in New York City.[81][82][83] He is the brother of author, illustrator and actor Eric Chase Anderson.[84]

Filmography

Main article: Wes Anderson filmography
Directed features
Year Title Distributor
1996 Bottle Rocket Sony Pictures Releasing
1998 Rushmore Buena Vista Pictures
2001 The Royal Tenenbaums
2004 The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou
2007 The Darjeeling Limited Fox Searchlight Pictures
2009 Fantastic Mr. Fox 20th Century Fox
2012 Moonrise Kingdom Focus Features
2014 The Grand Budapest Hotel Fox Searchlight Pictures
2018 Isle of Dogs
2021 The French Dispatch Searchlight Pictures
2023 Asteroid City Focus Features / Universal Pictures

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Wes Anderson
Year Title Academy Awards BAFTA Awards Golden Globe Awards
Nominations Wins Nominations Wins Nominations Wins
2001 The Royal Tenenbaums 1 1 1 1
2009 Fantastic Mr. Fox 2 2 1
2012 Moonrise Kingdom 1 1 1
2014 The Grand Budapest Hotel 9 4 11 5 4 1
2018 Isle of Dogs 2 2 2
2021 The French Dispatch 3 1
Total 15 4 20 5 10 2

Anderson's distinctive filmmaking style has led to numerous homages and parodies. Notable examples include:

References

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  84. ^ Standen, Dirk (October 19, 2010). "Paper Chase: The Art of Eric Chase Anderson". Style.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
  85. ^ "Family Guy: "Three Directors" Parodies Tarantino, Michael Bay & Wes Anderson". Screen Rant. February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
  86. ^ "TV Recap: "The Simpsons" Season 32, Episode 11 – "The Dad-Feelings Limited"". Laughing Place. January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  87. ^ "Inside a Wes Anderson-Designed Luxury Train". Architectural Digest. October 11, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2021.

Bibliography

  • "Special Issue: Wes Anderson, Austin Auteur". Texas Studies in Literature and Language. 60 (2). 2018.
  • Seitz, Matt Zoller (2013). The Wes Anderson Collection. New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 9780810997417.
  • Browning, Mark (2011). Wes Anderson: why his movies matter. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. ISBN 9781598843521.
  • "Special Issue: Wes Anderson & Co". New Review of Film and Television Studies. 10 (1). 2012.
  • MacDowell, James (2010). "Notes on Quirky" (PDF). Movie: A Journal of Film Criticism. Warwick University.
  • Kunze, Peter C., ed. (2014). The films of Wes Anderson: Critical essays on an Indiewood icon. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781349486922.
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