COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland
| COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland | |
|---|---|
Confirmed cases by county | |
Confirmed cases per 100k inhabitants by county | |
(clockwise from top)
| |
| Disease | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| Virus strain | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| Location | Republic of Ireland |
| Index case | Dublin |
| Arrival date | 29 February 2020 (4 years, 3 months, 1 week and 1 day ago) |
| Confirmed cases | 62,002 (as of 1 November 2020)[1] |
| Active cases | 36,087 (as of 1 November 2020) |
| Hospitalized cases | 332 (as of 8pm 1 Nov 2020)[2] |
| Critical cases | 44 (as of 1 Nov 2020)[2] |
| Ventilator cases | 25 (as of 1 Nov 2020)[2] |
| Recovered | 24,000 (as of 30 July 2020)[3] |
Deaths | 1,915 (as of 1 November 2020)[1] |
| Fatality rate | 3.09% |
| Government website | |
| Gov.ie – COVID-19 (Coronavirus) | |
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The COVID-19 pandemic reached the Republic of Ireland on 29 February 2020,[4] and within three weeks, cases had been confirmed in all counties.[5][6] The pandemic affected many aspects of society. On 12 March, the government shut all schools, colleges, childcare facilities and cultural institutions, and advised cancelling large gatherings.[7] St Patrick's Day festivities were called off,[8] and the Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar, addressed the nation that night. On 24 March, almost all businesses, venues, facilities and amenities were shut; but gatherings of up to four were allowed.[9] Three days later on 27 March, the government imposed a stay-at-home order, banning all non-essential travel and contact with people outside one's home (including family and partners).[10][11][12] The elderly and those with certain health conditions were told to cocoon.[13] People were made to keep apart in public. The Garda Síochána were given power to enforce the measures,[14] which were repeatedly extended until 18 May.[15]
The lockdown caused a severe recession[16] and an unprecedented rise in unemployment[17] and caused major damage in all sectors.[18][19] A COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment and a Temporary COVID-19 Wage Subsidy Scheme were set up. The Leaving Certificate, Junior Certificate and all Irish language summer courses in the Gaeltacht were cancelled. The All-Ireland Senior Football and Senior Hurling championships were postponed indefinitely, the National Football League left uncompleted. The Dublin Horse Show was cancelled for the first time since 1940. Other yearly events cancelled included the Tidy Towns competition (the first time in its 62-year history), the Rose of Tralee (61 years), the National Ploughing Championships, the Ballinasloe Horse Fair and Dublin Pride.
The Health Service Executive (HSE) launched a recruitment campaign, asking both healthcare and non-healthcare professionals to "be on call for Ireland".[20] The previous government of the 32nd Dáil remained in post during the initial several months of the pandemic until its successor was appointed on 27 June. Dáil Éireann sat with fewer members and moved from its traditional home at Leinster House to the Convention Centre to facilitate social distancing requirements.[21][22] The Oireachtas passed an emergency act giving the state power to detain people, restrict travel and keep people in their homes to control the virus's spread.[23] Further emergency legislation passed the following week.
By mid-April, the National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET) reported that the growth rate of the pandemic had been driven "as low as it needs to be",[24] that the curve had flattened and that there would be no peak coming.[25] Daily cases and deaths slowly declined in June and July, however from August, the reproductive rate of the virus began to increase, causing a significant rise in confirmed cases mainly in meat processing plants,[26][27] which resulted in a three-week regional lockdown for three counties.[28][29][30] In October 2020, lockdown restrictions were reimplemented nationwide following a rapid surge in confirmed cases and the introduction of a second wave of COVID-19 in Ireland.[31][32][33][34]
By 1 November, the Department of Health had confirmed 62,002 cases and 1,915 deaths.[1] More than 90% of those who have died were aged over 65,[35] and most also had underlying illnesses or lived in care homes.[36]
Statistics
The surveillance of COVID-19 cases has been integrated into the existing national Computerised Infectious Disease Reporting (CIDR) system since COVID-19 was made a notifiable disease on 20 February 2020. CIDR is the information system used to manage the surveillance and control of infectious diseases in Ireland, both at regional and national level.[37] Daily epidemiological reports on COVID-19 are prepared by the Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC) for the National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET).[38] Additional information, including the actual dates of the backlogged cases announced on 10 April 2020, is provided by the Health Service Executive in its daily operations updates.[2]
By 1 November, the Department of Health had confirmed 62,002 cases and 1,915 deaths;[1] a rate of 12,510 cases per million, 386 deaths per million and 329,808 tests per million population.[39]
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Daily new cases (last 14 days in detail)
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Daily new deaths (last 14 days in detail)
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| Age | Cases (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 1,398(2.28%)
| ||||||||
| 5–14 | 3,377(5.53%)
| ||||||||
| 15–24 | 10,686(17.5%)
| ||||||||
| 25–34 | 10,439(17%)
| ||||||||
| 35–44 | 9,647(16.29%)
| ||||||||
| 45–54 | 9,409(15.4%)
| ||||||||
| 55–64 | 6,787(11.11%)
| ||||||||
| 65–74 | 3,586(5.87%)
| ||||||||
| 75–84 | 3,197(5.23%)
| ||||||||
| 85+ | 2,894(4.73%)
| ||||||||
| Unknown | 30(0.04%)
| ||||||||
|
Median age: 39; Mean age: 43; Range: 0-106 | |||||||||
| Age | Deaths (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–24 | 1(0.05%)
| ||||||||
| 25–34 | 7(0.36%)
| ||||||||
| 35–44 | 13(0.68%)
| ||||||||
| 45–54 | 31(1.62%)
| ||||||||
| 55–64 | 84(4.41%)
| ||||||||
| 65–74 | 274(14.4%)
| ||||||||
| 75–84 | 645(33.91%)
| ||||||||
| 85+ | 844(44.37%)
| ||||||||
| Unknown | 2(0.1%)
| ||||||||
| Health worker | 8(0.42%)
| ||||||||
|
Median age: 83; Mean age: 81; Range: 17-105 | |||||||||
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Transmission breakdown to 30 October
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| Age | Number of cases (%) |
|---|---|
| 0–4 | 45(1%)
|
| 5–14 | 40(0.91%)
|
| 15–24 | 132(3%)
|
| 25–34 | 276(6.34%)
|
| 35–44 | 353(8.11%)
|
| 45–54 | 569(13%)
|
| 55–64 | 658(15.13%)
|
| 65–74 | 787(18.1%)
|
| 75–84 | 949(21.82%)
|
| 85+ | 586(13.47%)
|
| Unknown | 2(0.04%)
|
| Gender | Number of cases (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 32,622(53%)
| ||||||||
| Male | 28,792(46.85%)
| ||||||||
| Unknown | 36(0.05%)
| ||||||||
|
Total = 61,450 | |||||||||
| Gender | Number of deaths (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 949(49.89%)
| ||||||||
| Male | 952(50.05%)
| ||||||||
| Unknown | 2(0.1%)
| ||||||||
|
Total = 1,902 | |||||||||
| Classification | Number of clusters |
|---|---|
| Clusters notified | 6,678
|
| Cluster-related cases | 29,486
|
Timeline
First Wave and National Lockdown (February–May 2020)
The NPHET, a group within the Department of Health, began monitoring the spread of the virus before it was confirmed to have reached Ireland.[40] According to The Irish Times, the NPHET for COVID-19 was created on 27 January 2020.[41] NPHET continued to meet after the virus had arrived in Ireland to co-ordinate the national response to the pandemic.[42] The Coronavirus Expert Advisory Group—a subgroup of NPHET chaired by Dr Cillian de Gascun, the UCD-based Director of the National Virus Reference Laboratory – met for the first time on 5 February in Dublin.[43][44][45]
In late February, the Department of Health stated that Ireland was in the Containment Phase of its strategy against the virus, though media briefings with such figures with Chief Medical Officer Tony Holohan were already underway.[46]
On 20 February, COVID-19 was added to the list of notifiable diseases legislated in Ireland. As a notifiable disease COVID-19 was included among the list of diseases designated as "infectious diseases". Medical practitioners or laboratory directors, on becoming aware of a notifiable disease, should notify it to a Medical Officer of Health (Director of Public Health or designate) who subsequently notify HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC).[37]
On 27 February, the first case on the island of Ireland was announced—a woman from Belfast who had travelled from Northern Italy through Dublin Airport.[47] Two days later, on 29 February, the first confirmed case in the Republic of Ireland was announced involving a male student from the east of the country, who had arrived there from Northern Italy.[4][48][49] Authorities shut a secondary school linked to the case as a precautionary measure.[48][50] The State did not name the school involved, but—shortly afterwards—the Irish Examiner's Political Editor, Daniel McConnell, tweeted a copy of the letter it had sent to parents informing them it would close.[51]
On 11 March, an elderly patient in Naas General Hospital in County Kildare (south-west of the country's capital city, Dublin) became Ireland's first fatality from the virus.[52]
On 12 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced the closure of all schools, colleges and childcare facilities until 29 March.[7] The announcement, which came one day after the World Health Organization formally declared that the outbreak was a pandemic, also marked Ireland's movement from the Containment Phase in its strategy to combat the spread of the virus (a strategy which the Department of the Taoiseach had reaffirmed just three days earlier) towards the Delay Phase.[53][54]
On 15 March, the Government of Ireland ordered bars and public houses to close and advised against house parties.[55]
On 18 March, detailed information about hospital statistics, age range affected, how COVID-19 was spreading, healthcare workers and cases by county was published by the National Public Health Emergency Team starting on this day. It showed that the virus was present in 23 of the 26 counties, with Laois, Leitrim and Monaghan the only three yet to record a case.[56]
On 26 March, 255 cases and 10 deaths were confirmed, bringing the totals to 1,819 cases and 19 deaths, more than double the previous day's total.[57] According to Chief Medical Officer Holohan, most of the deaths occurred in "institutional settings", i.e. hospitals and nursing homes.[58] At this point, deaths began to accelerate rapidly.
On 27 March, 302 new cases as well as 3 new deaths brought the total number of confirmed cases and deaths to 2,121 and 22, respectively.[59] Among the deaths was the country's first healthcare fatality, who was based in the east.[60] Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a national stay-at-home order with a series of measures which he summed up as: "Stay at Home".[61] Merrion Street described it as "a more intensive phase in our response to COVID-19".[62] The measures, which coincided with an escalating death toll, were also a response to increased reliance on intensive care units (ICUs) to treat critically ill patients, and an attempt to lower this number before capacity was reached.[63]
On 1 April, it was announced that Chief Medical Officer Tony Holohan, who displayed signs of illness during the previous evening's news conference, had entered hospital for non-COVID reasons; Ronan Glynn (Deputy Chief Medical Officer and Head of the Department of Health's Health Protection Unit) took charge.[64]
On 10 April, it was reported that there was a discrepancy between the number of cases confirmed by Ireland's Department of Health and the ECDC, due to swab tests sent to Germany for analysis to clear the backlog and testing in Ireland.[65] Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced that measures introduced on 27 March would be extended until at least 5 May.[66]
On 14 April, Minister for Health Simon Harris said between 25,000 and 30,000 tests had been sent to Germany and "well over" half of the results had been returned, with the remainder due back by next week.[67] The National Public Health Emergency Team said there would be a "real danger" of a second wave of virus cases, if the changing of restrictions was not done correctly.[68][69][70]
On 15 April, a further 657 cases, together with an additional 411 cases from the backlog of tests at the laboratory in Germany, and 38 deaths were reported, bringing the totals to 12,547 cases and 444 deaths.[71] Among the deaths announced, a 23-year-old said to be the youngest person to have died in the country at the time.[72] Also on this date, a spokesperson for the Ireland East Hospital Group confirmed the deaths of two healthcare workers, a man and a woman, at the same hospital in Kilkenny, the man having died at home the previous day and the woman having died in the hospital that day.[73][74]
On 16 April, the National Public Health Emergency Team reported that lockdown and other measures had driven the growth rate of the pandemic "as low as it needs to be" and was "close to zero".[24]
On 21 April, Chief Medical Officer Holohan announced that 8,377 people had recovered in the community and that 856 people were discharged from hospital. He also announced that the curve had flattened and that no peak would be coming.[25]
On 29 April, a further 376 cases and 31 deaths were reported, bringing the end of April totals to 20,253 cases and 1,190 deaths.[75] Holohan said, "We estimate that as of Saturday 25th April 12,222 COVID-19 cases (64%) in the community have recovered. 1,164 cases (6%) have been discharged from hospital which gives us a total recovery rate of 70%."[76]
Easing of Restrictions (May–August 2020)
On 1 May, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced the extension of the current restrictions to 18 May at the earliest.[15] A roadmap to easing restrictions in Ireland that includes five stages was adopted by the government and subsequently published online.[77][78]
On 15 May, Chief Medical Officer Tony Holohan announced seven children in Ireland had been identified with links to paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, a new illness temporarily associated with COVID-19.[79] The Government of Ireland confirmed that phase one of easing the COVID-19 restrictions would begin on Monday 18 May.[80] Among the heritage sites reopening under phase one were Cong Abbey, Farmleigh, Kilkenny Castle, Knocknarea, the National Botanic Gardens and Trim Castle.[81]
From 16–17 May, 156 cases and 25 deaths were reported, bringing the totals to 24,112 cases and 1,543 deaths.[82][83] At this point, cases and deaths began to decelerate.
On 18 May, the government's roadmap of easing COVID-19 restrictions began.[84]
On 31 May, a further 66 cases and 2 deaths were reported, bringing the end of May totals to 24,990 cases and 1,652 deaths.[85]
On 5 June, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a series of changes to the government's roadmap of easing COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland, which he summed up as: "Stay Local".[86] The Government of Ireland confirmed that "phase two plus" of easing the COVID-19 restrictions would begin on Monday 8 June.[87]
On 19 June, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a further re-configuration of the government's roadmap with hairdressers, barbers, gyms, cinemas and churches reopening from 29 June.[88][89]
On 29 June, phase three of the government's roadmap of easing COVID-19 restrictions began.[90] Remaining businesses reopened including all pubs serving food, cafés, restaurants, hotels, hairdressers, beauty salons and tourist attractions.[91]
On 30 June, a further 11 cases and 1 death were reported, bringing the end of June totals to 25,473 cases and 1,736 deaths.[92]
On 7 July, the Health Service Executive released the COVID Tracker contact tracing app that uses ENS and Bluetooth technology to record if a user is in close contact with another user, by exchanging anonymous codes, with over one million downloads within two days after its launch.[93][94][95]
Phase four of easing COVID-19 restrictions was initially scheduled to take place on 20 July, but was repeatedly postponed until 31 August at the earliest.[96][97]
On 31 July, a further 38 cases and no deaths were reported, bringing the end of July totals to 26,065 cases and 1,763 deaths.[98]
On 12 August, it was announced that the Government of Ireland intended to move away from the phases of re-opening the country, and switch to a colour-coded system planned by the National Public Health Emergency Team to indicate how counties, regions and the country as a whole are currently affected by COVID-19.[99]
Second Wave, Tightening of Restrictions and Second National Lockdown (August 2020–present)
On 7 August, Taoiseach Micheál Martin announced a series of measures for counties Kildare, Laois and Offaly following significant increases of COVID-19 cases in the three counties, which came into effect from midnight and would remain in place for two weeks.[28][29][30]
On 18 August, following a Cabinet meeting at Government Buildings, the Government of Ireland announced six new measures because of the growing number of confirmed cases, which remained in place until 15 September.[100][101][102]
On 21 August, the Government of Ireland announced that COVID-19 restrictions in counties Laois and Offaly was lifted but was extended for another two weeks in Kildare.[103][104]
On 31 August, the Government of Ireland announced the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in County Kildare with immediate effect.[105][106] A further 53 cases and no deaths were reported, bringing the end of August totals to 28,811 cases and 1,777 deaths.[107]
On 15 September, Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó Fearghaíl announced that the entire government would have to restrict their movements after Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly felt unwell and contacted his GP for a COVID-19 test.[108][109][110] Just after 9pm, it was announced that Donnelly tested negative for COVID-19 and that the government no longer needed to restrict their movements.[111][112]
Also on 15 September, the Government of Ireland announced a medium-term plan for living with COVID-19 that includes five levels of restrictions, with the entire country at Level 2 and specific restrictions in Dublin including the postponement of the reopening of pubs not serving food.[113][114]
| Level | Social & Family Gatherings | Weddings | Indoor & Outdoor Events | Sports Training, Matches & Events | Gyms, Pools & Leisure Centres | Religious Services | Restaurants, Cafés & Pubs | Hotels, Guesthouses & B&Bs | Retail & Services | Indoor Cultural Venues | Domestic Travel | Public Transport | Schools & Childcare |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 [115] | Maximum 10 from 3 other household | Maximum 100 people can attend | Indoor: 100/200 depending on venue size ; Outdoor: 200/500 depending on venue size | Normal training with protective measures ; Matches & Events: 100 indoors/200 outdoor/500 stadia | Open with protective measures | 50 people can attend | Open with protective measures | Open with protective measures | Open with protective measures | Open with protective measures | No restrictions | Off-peak hours | Open with protective measures |
| 2 [116] | Maximum 6 from 3 other households | Maximum 50 people can attend | Indoor: 50/100 depending on venue size ; Outdoor: 100/200 depending on venue size | Indoor training: pods of 6 ; Outdoor training: pods of 15 ; Matches & Events: 50 indoors/100 outdoors/200 stadia | Open with protective measures | 50 people can attend | Groups of 6 from up to 3 households | Open with protective measures | Open with protective measures | Open with protective measures | No restrictions | 50% capacity / peak-hours prioritised | Open with protective measures |
| 3 [117] | Maximum 6 from 1 other household | Maximum 25 people can attend | No organised indoor events ; Outdoor: gatherings of up to 15 | Indoor training: 1 individual only ; Outdoor training: pods of 15 (non-contact) ; Matches & Events: except specific exemptions | Individual training only | Services move online ; 25 people can attend funerals | Range of restrictions up to and including no indoor dining | Services limited to residents only | Open with protective measures | Venues closed | Stay in your county | 50% capacity, use only when necessary | Open with protective measures |
| 4 [118] | No visitors | Maximum 6 people can attend | No organised indoor events ; Outdoor: gatherings of up to 15 | Indoor training: 1 individual only ; Outdoor training: pods of 15 (non-contact) ; Matches & Events: except specific exemptions | Closed | Services move online ; 25 people can attend funerals | Outdoor dining (maximum 15 people), takeaway or delivery | Existing guests & essential purposes only | Primarily outdoor essential retail/services | Venues closed | Stay in your county | 25% capacity, avoid public transport | Open with protective measures |
| 5 [119] | No visitors | Maximum 6 people can attend | No organised indoor/outdoor events | Individual traning only & no events | Closed | Services move online ; 10 people can attend funerals | Takeaway or delivery only | Essential purposes only | Essential retail only | Venues closed | Stay at home, exercise within 5km | 25% capacity, avoid public transport | Recommendations based on situation & evidence at time |
On 18 September, following an announcement at Government Buildings, Taoiseach Micheál Martin confirmed that Dublin would move to Level 3 restrictions from midnight and would remain in place for three weeks until 9 October.[120][121][122]
On 24 September, Taoiseach Micheál Martin confirmed that Donegal would move to Level 3 restrictions from the midnight of 25 September and would remain in place for three weeks until 16 October, with pubs remaining open for takeaway, delivery and outdoor dining to a maximum of 15 people only.[123][124][125]
On 30 September, a further 429 cases and 1 death were reported, bringing the end of September totals to 36,155 cases and 1,804 deaths.[126]
On 4 October, in a letter sent to the Government of Ireland, the National Public Health Emergency Team recommended the highest level of restrictions for the entire country – Level 5 for four weeks, following a NPHET meeting chaired by Chief Medical Officer Tony Holohan.[127][128][129] On 5 October, the Government rejected NPHET's recommendation to place the entire country under Level 5 restrictions, and instead moved every county in Ireland to Level 3 COVID-19 restrictions with improved enforcement and indoor dining in pubs and restaurants banned, which will come into effect from the midnight of 6 October until 27 October at the earliest.[130][131][132]
On 14 October, the Government of Ireland agreed a nationwide ban on all household visits from the night of Thursday 15 October, except for essential reasons such as childcare and on compassionate grounds.[133][134] Taoiseach Micheál Martin announced that counties Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan would move to Level 4 restrictions from the midnight of 15 October.[135][136][137]
After 1,205 cases—the highest number of confirmed cases recorded in a single day since 10 April—was confirmed by the Department of Health on 15 October,[138] on 16 October, the National Public Health Emergency Team recommended to the Government of Ireland to move the entire country to Level 5 restrictions for six weeks.[139][140][141]
On 19 October, the Government of Ireland agreed to move the entire country to Level 5 lockdown restrictions from midnight on Wednesday 21 October for six weeks until 1 December.[31][142][32]
Testing
The developing and delivering of testing of Ireland was led by the staff in the National Virus Reference Laboratory. With the acquisition of the sequence of the virus, they used this to develop and validate in-house assays in advance of obtaining any commercial diagnostic kits. The NVRL played a vital role in the early detection of COVID-19 cases in Ireland.[143]
The military response to the pandemic, which included provision of naval vessels to support onshore testing in Irish cities, was known as Operation Fortitude and initially involved such ships as LÉ Samuel Beckett, LÉ George Bernard Shaw and LÉ Niamh (Dublin), LÉ Eithne (Cork), and LÉ William Butler Yeats (Galway).[144] On 15 May, the Naval Service completed its mission and—having been involved in 6,000 tests—transferred its duties to the Army (also under Operation Fortitude); the Army had begun work at the Aviva Stadium the previous day (while ships such as the LÉ William Butler Yeats—by this time based in Dublin—returned to sea, the LÉ Eithne stayed in the city of Cork for purposes of storage and logistics, not testing).[145]
Many Gaelic games stadiums were repurposed as drive-through COVID-19 testing centres. These included Croke Park in Dublin;[146] Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork;[147] Nowlan Park in Kilkenny;[148] Gaelic Grounds in Limerick;[149] MacHale Park in Castlebar;[150] Breffni Park in Cavan;[151] Tinryland GFC's facilities south of Carlow (later shut due to lack of demand);[152][153][154] and O'Donnell Park in Letterkenny.[155]
Among the other drive-through testing centres set up: St Vincent's in Athlone;[156] the Lakeside Centre in Ballyshannon;[157] Castlebar Leisure Complex in County Mayo;[158] St Loman's Hospital in Mullingar;[159] the Clarion Road in Sligo;[160] Tallaght Stadium (the home ground of Shamrock Rovers Football Club) in Tallaght;[161][162][163] a prefabricated HSE-owned building in Waterford near Cherrymount in Ballytruckle, which had been used by St Martin's Special School;[164] the Whitemill Industrial Estate in Wexford.[165]
Former testing sites which were later replaced by the local stadiums mentioned above include Ballyhaise Health Centre in Cavan[151] and the disused St Conal's Hospital in Letterkenny.[166][167]
Centres ranging from the counties of Cork (in the south)[168][169] and Donegal (in the north)[157][170][171] were shut at various times due to lack of testing kits.
Problems with testing kit availability and the global shortage in one of three reagents necessary to complete testing for the virus (namely that used in the second stage, extraction) became pronounced. New equipment was brought into the country from overseas. Two additional laboratories began testing for the virus in mid-April: the Enfer facility in Sallins, County Kildare, and the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine's laboratory in Backweston. On 10 April, the HSE and the UCD-based National Virus Reference Laboratory announced a contract for enough reagent to complete 900,000 tests, though Director of the National Virus Reference Laboratory Cillian de Gascun said it was not the reagent that was used in the third stage of testing and thus, already amply supplied. The materials, supplied by Genomics Medicine Ireland Limited (GMI), went to the Enfer laboratory. De Gascun also asserted at the same time as this announcement that he had "misspoken" the previous month if he had said tests would be increased by thousands "within days".[172] Scientists based in a laboratory in Sligo began making two types of reagent for COVID-19 testing carried out in the northwest of the country.[173]
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After employees complained that the HSE were informing their employers of their results first and many people were first informed of their test outcome by their employer, the HSE said on 19 May that it would stop doing this.[174][175]
As of 23 March, around 40,000 people were waiting to be tested and the average wait time was 4 to 5 days. Minister for Health Simon Harris said that priority testing of only healthcare workers might have to be implemented.[176]
On 25 March—to prioritise testing of healthcare workers—the threshold for requesting a COVID-19 test was narrowed. From then a person requesting a COVID-19 test had to: (i) be a healthcare worker; or (ii) present with a fever AND at least one other COVID-19 symptom.[177]
From 28 April, testing criteria for the virus was broadened again to include anyone with one of the symptoms of fever, recent onset of cough or shortness of breath.[178]
Results of a seroprevalence study, announced in July, conducted in counties Dublin and Sligo showed that about 1.7% of the population had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 with broadly similar infection rates between males and females and across different age groups.[179][180] Results announced in October indicated that 18% of healthcare staff that volunteered to participate in a study at a large Dublin hospital, Tallaght University Hospital, showed antibody evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This revealed a much higher seroprevalence in healthcare staff than in the general population.[181]
| Weekly testing figures for March to September | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Tests carried out | Positivity rate % | Ref. | |
| 9 March | 1,784 | - | [182] | |
| 17 March | 6,636 | - | [183] | |
| 21 March | 10,000+ | - | [184] | |
| 23 March | 17,992 | - | [185] | |
| 30 March | 30,213 | 16.3% | [186][187] | |
| 6 April | 42,484 | 19% | [188] | |
| 9 April | 53,000 | 17% | [189][187] | |
| 13 April | 90,646 | 16% | [190][187] | |
| 20 April | 111,584 | 19% | [191] | |
| 27 April | 153,054 | 12.9% | [192] | |
| 2 May | 188,837 | 5.8% | [193][187] | |
| 4 May | 214,761 | 3.7% | [194] | |
| 11 May | 258,808 | 3.3% | [195] | |
| 18 May | 295,626 | 2.5% | [196] | |
| 24 May | 310,000 | 2% | [197] | |
| 25 May | 325,795 | 2.1% | [198] | |
| 1 June | 348,416 | 1.7% | [199] | |
| 8 June | 367,780 | 1% | [200] | |
| 14 June | 386,572 | 0.8% | [201] | |
| 19 June | 396,584 | 0.6% | [202] | |
| 22 June | 404,989 | 0.5% | [203] | |
| 28 June | 429,698 | 0.46% | [187] | |
| 6 July | 473,974 | 0.24% | [187][204] | |
| 13 July | 523,277 | 0.32% | [205][204] | |
| 20 July | 574,487 | 0.27% | [206][204] | |
| 27 July | 619,875 | 0.32% | [187][204] | |
| 3 August | 644,227 | 1.31% | [187][207] | |
| 10 August | 670,771 | 1.68% | [187][208] | |
| 17 August | 725,574 | 1.30% | [187][208] | |
| 24 August | 777,635 | 1.40% | [187][208] | |
| 31 August | 839,814 | 1.23% | [187][208] | |
| 7 September | 906,432 | 1.57% | [187][209] | |
| 14 September | 981,286 | 1.80% | [187] | |
| 21 September | 1,067,365 | 2.28% | [187][210] | |
| 28 September | 1,155,064 | 2.86% | [187][211] | |
| October | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Tests carried out | Positivity rate % | Ref. | |
| 5 October | 1,245,263 | 3.58% | [187][212] | |
| 12 October | 1,341,474 | 5.49% | [187][213] | |
| 19 October | 1,453,608 | 7.2% | [187] | |
| 26 October | 1,538,215 | 6.2% | [187] | |
Cases
As cases emerged, hospitals announced visiting restrictions and staff entered self-isolation in enormous numbers. The Mater Hospital in Dublin announced on 6 March that all visitors were banned, with the exception of "those who are visiting patients in critical care, vulnerable young adults, psychiatric patients or those whose loved ones are receiving end of life care" (though all children were barred).[214] Also on 6 March, six hospitals in the province of Munster—University Hospital Limerick, University Maternity Hospital Limerick, Ennis Hospital, Nenagh Hospital, St John's Hospital and Croom Orthopaedic Hospital—announced visitors were banned and that they would be cancelling all elective surgeries and outpatient appointments (with exceptions in such cases as caesarean sections, chemotherapy and dialysis) for the following Monday and Tuesday. This announcement came after the attendance of a patient at University Hospital Limerick's emergency department two days earlier, who was later confirmed as COVID-19 positive, leading staff to self-isolate and the emergency department to be closed for three hours so that it could be deep cleaned.[215] And again on 6 March—this time in Cork University Hospital, also in Munster—more than 60 members of staff self-isolated after a case of COVID-19 emerged there.[216]
On 29 March, the HSE stated that no hospital in Ireland had then reached intensive care unit (ICU) capacity.[217] On 8 April, Dublin's Mater Hospital had reached ICU capacity.[218]
A memo sent to staff at Cavan General Hospital on the afternoon of 8 April confirmed 70 doctors and nurses working there had been struck down by the virus.[219] A consultant based at Beaumont Hospital in Dublin informed Today with Seán O'Rourke that staff from Beaumont had been sent to Cavan and that several dozen other medical staff working at Cavan General Hospital, including most senior medical staff and nearly half the hospital's surgical team, had been forced to self-isolate.[219][220][221][222] Less than three weeks after the outbreak at its main hospital, HSE data confirmed that Cavan (a predominantly rural north-midlands county with a population of less than 80,000) had overtaken the capital city Dublin as the epicentre of the virus in Ireland.[223] Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation Heather Humphreys, a TD representing the Cavan–Monaghan constituency, responded to claims that the high number of cases in Cavan and the neighbouring county of Monaghan was due to visitors from across the border, telling Virgin Media News in late-April: "The level of infection in Cavan and Monaghan has nothing to do with people coming from across the border. In fact, there were four residential nursing homes that had outbreaks plus there were also outbreaks among the staff in Cavan General Hospital".[224]
On 29 April, Clonakilty Community Hospital confirmed that nine of its residents had died since 1 April, reducing the number of residents there by about one tenth.[225]
| Name | Treatment | Status | Location | Origin type | Birth | Occupation | Sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Carton | Hospitalisation[226] | Recovered[227] | Dublin | 1984 | Fireman, former hurler | Male | |
| Ciara Kelly | Self-isolation[228] | Recovered[229] | Greystones[230] | Community-related[231] | 1971 | Broadcaster, columnist, former medical doctor | Female |
| Claire Byrne | Self-isolation[232] | Recovered[233] | Bray[234] | 1975 | Journalist, presenter | Female | |
| Mark Prendergast | Self-isolation[235][236] | — | Swords | Travel through Heathrow Airport (suspected)[237] | 1989 | Guitarist | Male |
| Siobhán Killeen | Self-isolation[238] | Recovered[239] | Dublin | 1995 | Ladies' footballer and association football player | Female | |
| John Prine | Hospitalisation[240] | Deceased[241] | Nashville[a] | 1946 | Country folk singer-songwriter | Male | |
| Ryan Tubridy | Self-isolation[244] | Recovered[245] | Monkstown[246] | 1973 | Broadcaster, writer | Male | |
| Marian McGuinness | Self-isolation | Recovered[247] | Cavan[b] | Person-to-person spread[249] | 1985/6 | Former ladies' footballer | Female |
| Tim Robinson | Hospitalisation | Deceased[250] | London[c] | 1935 | Cartographer | Male | |
| Tom Scully | Hospitalisation[252] | Deceased[d] | Dublin | 1930[252] | Priest, former football manager | Male | |
| Jonathan Glynn | Self-isolation[254] | Recovered[255] | New York City[e] | 1993 | Hurler, coach | Male | |
| Mary Lou McDonald[256] | Self-isolation | Recovered[257] | Dublin | "I have no idea how I got it, it will forever be a mystery"[258] | 1969 | Politician (one of 160 members of the 33rd Dáil), President of Sinn Féin | Female |
| Danny Delaney | Hospitalisation[259] | Deceased[f] | Portlaoise | Outbreak at the Maryborough Centre | Before 1950s | Former footballer, former administrator | Male |
| Tom Duffy | Hospitalisation[262] | Recovered[263] | Dublin[g] | 1929 | Former circus ringmaster | Male | |
| Tom Mulholland | Hospitalisation | Deceased[h] | Drogheda | Outbreak at Dealgan House Nursing Home | 1936 | Former footballer | Male |
| Dave Bacuzzi | Hospitalisation | Deceased[i] | Dublin | 1940 | Former association football player and manager | Male | |
| Laura Bernal | None | Deceased[j] | Rathmines[270] | Mid-1950s | Diplomat (ambassador to Ireland of Argentina) | Female | |
| Noel Walsh | Hospitalisation[271] | Deceased[271] | Ennis[271] | 1935 | Former footballer, former administrator | Male |
- Notes
- ^ The singer—who lived part-time in Kinvara, in the southwest of County Galway, and married a woman from County Donegal—died in hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, on 8 April 2020. His wife also contracted the virus but recovered.[242][243]
- ^ The ladies' footballer was based in Cavan at the time of her diagnosis.[248]
- ^ The cartographer—who wrote on the west of Ireland, settled in the Aran Islands and was a member of Aosdána and the Royal Irish Academy—died in hospital in London, England, on 3 April 2020, two weeks after his wife.[251]
- ^ The former Offaly manager—who led the team to the 1969 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final—died in Dublin on the morning of 7 April.[253]
- ^ The hurler—who won the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship with Galway—tested COVID-19 positive in the U.S., where he was working as a coach with the New York team. His fiancée also tested positive. Both recovered. Their diagnoses were announced on 13 April after both had recovered.
- ^ The former footballer died at the Maryborough Centre in Portlaoise on the morning of 14 April.[260][261]
- ^ The former ringmaster at Tom Duffy's Circus tested positive for COVID-19 on 20 April at a Dublin care home at the time of his diagnosis. He recovered one month later on 20 May.[264][265]
- ^ The former footballer died at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Drogheda on 20 April.[266]
- ^ The Englishman—who had lived in Ireland since the 1970s and managed the association football clubs Cork Hibernians and Home Farm—died at St Vincent's Hospital in Dublin on 21 April.[267]
- ^ The body of Argentina's ambassador to Ireland was found at her residence in Dublin on 26 April and subsequently identified as COVID-19 positive. Bernal was not repatriated and was buried near Foxford, County Mayo.[268][269]
Impacts
Economic
The pandemic had a deep impact on the Irish economy, leading it into a recession. While there were job losses in all sectors, individuals working in tourism, hospitality, food and retail seen the largest job losses.
Social
The pandemic has had far-reaching consequences in the country that go beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it, including political, cultural, and social implications.
Gallery
-
Shop door showing social distancing measures. -
Irish butcher implementing ad hoc social distancing measures. -
Supermarket: a one-way system, instructions on social distancing, disposable gloves, trolley cleaning supplies. -
Ersatz protection for employees deployed in a grocery store during the pandemic. -
Pharmacy where the door has been replaced with a hatch for exchanging goods. -
People queueing at an Irish supermarket; strips of black tape on the ground to demarcate 2-metre gaps. -
A grandson visits his grandmother who is "cocooning" in her home. -
Two-metre marking for visitors to Bram Stoker Park in Marino, Dublin. -
An Irish paramedic en route to a so-called "query case" during the pandemic in Ireland. -
![Two pints of the famed Irish stout Guinness delivered fresh from a pub. The delivery service of pints was a novel innovation of the pandemic in Ireland. An Garda Síochána—upon taking legal advice—confirmed that there was no law against the service.[272][273]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pandemic_pints.jpg/120px-Pandemic_pints.jpg)
Two pints of the famed Irish stout Guinness delivered fresh from a pub. The delivery service of pints was a novel innovation of the pandemic in Ireland. An Garda Síochána—upon taking legal advice—confirmed that there was no law against the service.[272][273] -
Iarnród Éireann social distancing sign on a train in July 2020.
-
Social distancing floor signs in an Irish supermarket in August 2020. -
A principal and vice-principal greet returning students on the first day of school. -
Bus Éireann social distancing signs on a bus in October 2020. -
Floor physical distancing sign in an Irish store, amidst Christmas merchandise, in October 2020
![Two pints of the famed Irish stout Guinness delivered fresh from a pub. The delivery service of pints was a novel innovation of the pandemic in Ireland. An Garda Síochána—upon taking legal advice—confirmed that there was no law against the service.[272][273]](/wiki/File:Pandemic_pints.jpg)
See also
- 2020 in Ireland
- COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
- COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland
- COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
- Michael Ryan, Irish epidemiologist and Executive Director of the World Health Organization's Health Emergencies Programme
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Further reading
- McCarthy, Justin (22 March 2020). "Retired GP joins battle against COVID-19: 'I want to come back and help people'". RTÉ News.
- Fegan, Catherine (24 March 2020). "'Stay indoors, I'm young, sporty and fit, I never would have thought I'd catch coronavirus'". Irish Independent.
- Leahy, Pat (28 March 2020). "Inside the Government's battle against coronavirus: Working under unparalleled pressure, Irish officials are facing the crisis with trepidation". The Irish Times.
- Power, Jack (4 April 2020). "Covid-19: Inside the operation to evacuate Irish stranded abroad – From Peru and Australia: Behind the scenes story of how diplomats got the Irish home". The Irish Times.
- Bray, Jennifer; Leahy, Pat (9 April 2020). "The inside story of how gardaí were granted their new powers: Taoiseach was reluctant to grant new powers, but Kehoe, Madigan and Flanagan were in favour". The Irish Times.
- McGrath, Dominic (16 April 2020). "Tracked: How the HSE advice to nursing homes shifted between March and April". TheJournal.ie.
External links
- Ireland's COVID-19 Data Hub
- COVID-19 updates from the Health Service Executive (HSE)