Comparison of raster graphics editors
Appearance
Raster graphics editors can be compared by many variables, including availability.
List
Discontinued | ||||
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General information
Basic general information about the editors: creator, company, license, etc.
Description | Creator | First public release date | Latest stable version | Latest Stable Release Date | Cost | Software license | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability Photopaint | Graphics editor with some advanced features | Ability Software | March 2001 | 4 | Proprietary | ||
ACDSee | 19 | $59 | Proprietary | ||||
ACDSee Pro | 9 | $99 | Proprietary | ||||
ACDSee Ultimate | 9 | $149 | Proprietary | ||||
Adobe Fireworks | Alternative to Photoshop targeted at web designers, discontinued after CS6 | Macromedia | 1998 | CS6 / 12.0 | May 7, 2012 | Proprietary | |
Adobe Photoshop | Professional image editor and graphics creation tool | John Knoll, Thomas Knoll | February 1990 | CC 2015.5 / 17.0 | June 20, 2016 | $9.99/month | Proprietary |
Adobe Photoshop Elements | Raster graphics editor for entry-level photographers, image editors and hobbyists | 14.0 | September 24, 2015 | $99 | Proprietary | ||
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom | Photo editor | Adobe Systems | February 19, 2007 | 6.6 | June 8, 2016 | $9.99/month | Proprietary |
Autodesk SketchBook Pro | Paint and drawing toolset for use with digitized pen tablets & tablet computers | Alias | 2004 | 2009 (3.1) | Proprietary | ||
Artipic | Image editor for Windows and OS X | Artipic AB | 2014 | 2.3.3 (Windows) / 2.3.1 (OS X) | Proprietary | ||
ArtRage | Digital paint program for tablet computers | Ambient Design | 2004 | 4.5.1 | Proprietary | ||
Artweaver | Emulates physical painting experience on a computer | Boris Eyrich | 2002 | 3.0 | Freeware | ||
Bibble | Photo editor and organizer with camera raw file support | Bibble Labs | 2000 | 5.2 | Proprietary | ||
Bloom Image Editor | Procedural node-based image editor | Sad Cat Software | 2015 | 1.0.181 | Proprietary | ||
Brush Strokes Image Editor | Image editor like Windows Paint | Paul Bird | 2004 | 2.0 | Freeware | ||
Capture One | Professional raw converter and image editor | Phase One | 2002 | 8.3 | Proprietary | ||
Chasys Draw IES | Image Editor with layers, animation, icon edit, super-res, batch and camera raw | John Paul Chacha | 2001 | 4.37 | Freeware | ||
CinePaint | Moving picture, photo and graphics editor | Robin Rowe | July 4, 2002 | 2011 (1.0) | GPL | ||
CodedColor PhotoStudio Pro | An bitmap graphics editor and image organizer for Windows pc | 1STEIN Corp. | 2001 | 6.2 | Proprietary | ||
Corel PaintShop Pro | Advanced image editor and graphics creator | Jasc Software | 1992 | X7 | Proprietary | ||
Corel Painter | Made to create natural-looking artistic images | Mark Zimmer, Tom Hedges, John Derry | August 1991 | 15.1.0.740 | January 12, 2016 | $379 | Proprietary |
Corel PHOTO-PAINT | Professional image editor and graphics creator with advanced features | Corel Corporation | 1992 | X7/17 | Proprietary | ||
Cosmigo Pro Motion | Pixel and animation editor (8-bit-graphics) made after Deluxe Paint | Cosmigo; J.Zimmermann, L.Gischler, N.Mavrikakis | 1997 | 6.5 | Proprietary | ||
darktable | Photography workflow application and raw developer | Johannes Hanika | April 2009 | 2.0 | GPL 3 | ||
Deluxe Paint | Discontinued basic editor | Dan Silva | 1985 | 5 | Proprietary | ||
Deneba Canvas | Graphics editor and creator supporting both raster graphics and vector graphics.It also work on GIS data. | Jorge Miranda, Joaquin de Soto, Manny Menendez | September 1987 | 14 | Proprietary | ||
DigiKam | Free photo organizer and image editor | Renchi Raju, Gilles Caulier | 2002 | 4.10.0 | GPL | ||
Digital Photo Professional | Photo organizer and image editor from Canon | Canon Inc. | ? | 4.2.10 | Proprietary | ||
Erdas Imagine | Advanced remote sensing and GIS ability; handles multispectral images |
ERDAS, Inc. | 1980 | 2016 (16) | June 14, 2016 | Proprietary | |
Fatpaint | Full featured web-based graphic design and photo editing application | Mersica Inc. | 2010 | 1.99.55 | Freeware | ||
Fotografix | Freeware, portable image editor | L. Madhavan | April 14, 2009 | 1.5 | Freeware | ||
F-Spot | Image viewer and organizer for GNOME | Ettore Perazzoli | 2005 | 0.8.2 | GPLv2 | ||
G'MIC | Free command line software for 2D or 3D image processing and visualization | David Tschumperlé | October 2008 | 1.6.0.4 | CeCILL | ||
GIMP | Free image editor and graphics creator | Spencer Kimball, Peter Mattis | January 1996 | 2.8.14 | GNU (L)GPLv3+ v2.7+[1] | ||
GimPhoto | Modification of the free and open source graphics program GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), with the intent to be a free alternative to Adobe Photoshop. | Ek Kian | ? | 1.4.3 | GPLv2 | ||
GIMPshop | GIMP with a GUI similar to Adobe Photoshop | Scott Moschella | ? | 2.2.11 | GPL | ||
GNU Paint | Free and open source raster graphics editor | Andy Tai | 0.3.3 | GPL | |||
GrafX2 | GrafX2 with a GUI similar to Deluxe Paint | Sunset Design (Guillaume Dorme, Karl Maritaud) | 1996 | 2.1 | GPL | ||
GraphicConverter | Image viewer, converter, organizer and editor capable of importing around 200 and exporting 80 different image file types. Compatible with many Photoshop plug-ins | Thorsten Lemke | 1992 | 10 | Proprietary | ||
GraphicsMagick | Commandline image converter and editor | GraphicsMagick Group | 2002 | 1.3.21 | MIT | ||
gThumb | Image viewer and organizer for the GNOME desktop environment | Paolo Bacchilega | ? | 3.4.0 | GPL3 | ||
HDR PhotoStudio | HDR (High Dynamic Range Editor) with human vision imaging model | Unified Color | October 2009 | 2.15.37 | Proprietary | ||
Helicon Filter | Advanced image editor with a simplified tabbed interface | Helicon Soft Ltd. | August 2004 | 5.0.28 | Proprietary | ||
ImageJ | Image processing program developed at the National Institutes of Health. | Wayne Rasband (NIH) | 1997 | 1.46m | Public Domain | ||
ImageMagick | Command line software suite for displaying, converting, and editing raster image files | ImageMagick Studio LLC | ? | 6.7.7-7 | Apache 2.0 | ||
iPhoto | Image organizer and basic editor for OS X; replaced by Photos | Apple Inc. | 2002 | 9.6 | Proprietary | ||
IrfanView | Image and video viewer with basic editing functions | Irfan Skiljan | 1996 | 4.38 | Freeware | ||
Iridient Developer | Powerful raw image conversion application designed and optimized for Mac OS X | Iridient Digital | 2004 | 3.0.3 | Proprietary | ||
Kolourpaint | KDE | 2004 | 1.2.2 | BSD | |||
Krita | Digital painting oriented free and open source raster graphic editor with vector support. KDE/Calligra based. | KDE | 2005 | 3.0.1 | September 6, 2016 | GPL | |
LazPaint | Free multiplatform layered image editor | circular | 2011 | 6.2 | GPL | ||
MacPaint | Obsolete basic editor | Bill Atkinson | 1984 | 2.0 | Proprietary | ||
Microsoft Office Picture Manager | Basic image editor | Microsoft | ? | ? | Proprietary | ||
Microsoft Paint | Basic graphic creator and editor packaged with Microsoft Windows operating systems | Microsoft | 1985 | 6.1 | Proprietary | ||
Microsoft Photo Editor | Obsolete basic image editor for Windows | Microsoft | ? | 3.01 | Proprietary | ||
Mootif | Online JavaScript image editor with a few functions | mootif.com | May 2006 | 1.0 | Proprietary | ||
MyPaint | Digital painting Application | Martin Renold | March 12, 2005 | 1.1.0 | GPL2 | ||
OpenCanvas | Portalgraphics | ? | 4 | Proprietary | |||
paint.net | Freeware image editor and graphics creator based on the .Net framework | Rick Brewster, et al. | May 6, 2004 | 4.0.11 (for Windows 7 SP1 or newer) / 3.5.11 (the last version to support Windows XP) | Freeware[2][3] | ||
PC Paintbrush | Obsolete basic editor | ZSoft Corporation | 1984 | 5 | Proprietary | ||
Pencil2D | 2D graphical animation software. | Pascal Naidon | ? | 0.4.4 | GPL | ||
Phatch | Editor for batch processing digital graphics and photographs. | Stani Michiels | ? | 0.2.7 | GPL | ||
Photofinish | ZSoft Corporation | 1993 | 2 | Proprietary | |||
Photogenics | Made to create 32-bit HDRs | Idruna Software Inc. | 1995 | HDR 7.0 | Proprietary | ||
PhotoLine | Image editor with some advanced features | Computerinsel (Germany) | 1995 | 17.10 | Proprietary | ||
PhotoPerfect | Image editor with some advanced features | Arcadia Software AG, Joachim Koopmann Software | 2002 | 2.9 | Proprietary | ||
Photos | Image organizer and basic editor for OS X; replaced iPhoto from OS X 10.10.3 onwards | Apple Inc. | 2014 | 1.0 | Proprietary | ||
Photo Raster | Advanced online photo editor | David Levinsky | 2012 | 0.9 | Proprietary | ||
Picasa | Efficient image organizer with basic editing tools, other image effects | 2002 | 3.9.141.259 | October 9, 2015 | Discontinued | Freeware | |
PicMaster | Has 300 filter effects, slide show, poster printing, mosaics, true 3D, more | Alexander Sabov | December 1999 | 4.03 | Proprietary | ||
Pinta | Mid-level Free and Open Source raster graphics editor, based on Paint.Net | Jonathan Pobst | February 7, 2010 | 1.5 | MIT | ||
PixBuilder Photo Editor | WnSoft Graphic Software | June 2005 | 1.31 | Proprietary | |||
Pixelmator | Image editor and graphics creator for OS X | Pixelmator Team ltd. | September 25, 2007 | 3.0 | Proprietary | ||
Pixen | Pixel art and sprite editor for OS X | Open Sword Group | ? | 3.8 | Proprietary | ||
Pixia | Originally designed for Anime/Manga art. | Isao Maruoka | 1998 | 4.70d | Proprietary | ||
PMview | Fast image viewer with basic editing functions | Peter Nielsen | 1997? | 3.76 (2014) | Proprietary | ||
Project Dogwaffle | Dan Ritchie retired but others continue active development[4] | Dan Ritchie | 1997 (?) | 2011 (7.0) (1.2 available as freeware) | Proprietary | ||
QFX | Mature and complete image editing package | Ron Scott | ~1990 | 8 | Proprietary | ||
Rawstudio | Raw image processor. | Anders Brander & Anders Kvist | ? | 2.0 | GPL 2 | ||
RawTherapee | Powerful free and cross-platform raw image editor, for developing raw photos from digital cameras. | Gabor Horvath | September 21, 2006 | 4.0.11 | GPL | ||
Seashore | Basic counterpart to GIMP, using its XCF format; full support for a few graphics formats | Mark Pazolli | June 2007 | 0.1.9 | GPLv3 | ||
Serif PhotoPlus | Complete editor and photo organizer suite; similar features and menus to other software from Serif; available as economy version or in bundle with clipart, effects, public domain image library; made for easy use | Serif | X8 | August 10, 2015 | Proprietary | ||
Shotwell | Image organizer for GNOME | Yorba Foundation | June 26, 2009 | 0.12.3 | LGPL 2.1 | ||
Tux Paint | Drawing program for young children. | Bill Kendrick | June 16, 2002 | 0.9.21 | GPL | ||
TVPaint | 2D animation software | Herve ADAM | June 16, 1991 | 9.5.11 | Proprietary | ||
UFRaw | Raw image format processor | Udi Fuchs | ? | 0.22 | GPL | ||
Ulead PhotoImpact | Ulead Systems | ? | 12 | Proprietary | |||
Ultimate Paint | Basic graphics editor based on Deluxe Paint | Joseph Ladanyi, Daniel Szabo | 1998 | 2.88 | Proprietary | ||
WinImages | Animation-centric | Black Belt Systems | ? | 7.5 | Proprietary | ||
Xara Photo & Graphic Designer | Graphic design program including photo editing and vector illustration tools | Xara | 1995 (Windows) | 9 | Proprietary | ||
XnView | Cross-platform image viewer used for converting, organising and editing graphical & video files. | Pierre-emmanuel Gougelet | 1998 (1.06) | 2.20 (Windows)/0.64 (Linux, Mac OS X) | Proprietary | ||
XPaint | Simple Drawing program for Unix/X11 with Xaw3d widgets | David Koblas, Torsten Martinsen, Jean-Pierre Demailly | 1993 | 2.9.10.3 | Custom free license | ||
Zoner Photo Studio | All-in-one editor package | Zoner Inc. | ? | 11.0 build 8 | Proprietary | ||
PixelStyle Photo Editor | Photo editing and graphic design software with smart RAW processing engine | Effectmatrix | 2016 | 2.95 | 2016.5.27 | $29.99 | Proprietary |
Description | Creator | First public release date | Latest stable version | Latest Stable Release Date | Cost (USD) | Software license |
Operating system support
The operating systems on which the editors can run natively, that is, without emulation, virtual machines or compatibility layers. In other words, the software must be specifically coded for the operation system; for example, Adobe Photoshop for Windows running on Linux with Wine does not fit.
Windows | OS X | Linux | BSD | Unix | AmigaOS | Other | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability Photopaint | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
ACD Canvas | Yes | Dropped[5] | No | No | No | No | No |
Adobe Fireworks | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adobe Photoshop | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Affinity Photo | near-completed | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Aperture | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Autodesk SketchBook Pro | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Artipic | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
ArtRage | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Artweaver | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Bibble | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Bloom Image Editor | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Brush Strokes Image Editor | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Capture One | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Chasys Draw IES | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
CinePaint | Version 0.17 only | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
CodedColor PhotoStudio Pro | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Corel PaintShop Pro | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Corel Painter | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Corel Photo-Paint | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Cosmigo Pro Motion | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
darktable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Solaris |
Deluxe Paint | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Atari ST, DOS[6] |
DigiKam | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Erdas Imagine | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Fatpaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Fotografix | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
F-Spot | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
G'MIC | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
GIMP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Needs X11 Cygnix | SkyOS |
GimPhoto | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
GIMPshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
GNU Paint | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
GrafX2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
GraphicConverter | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
GraphicsMagick | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
gThumb | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
HDR PhotoStudio | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Helicon Filter | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
ImageJ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
ImageMagick | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
iPhoto | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
IrfanView | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Iridient Developer | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Kolourpaint | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Krita | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
LazPaint | Yes | Partial[7] | Yes | No | No | No | No |
MacPaint | No | No | No | No | No | No | Mac OS[8] |
Microsoft Office Picture Manager | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Microsoft Paint | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Microsoft Photo Editor | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Mootif | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
MyPaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
OpenCanvas | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Paint.NET | Yes | No | Partial[9] | No | No | No | No |
PC Paintbrush | No | No | No | No | No | No | DOS[8] |
Pencil2D | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Phatch | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Photofinish | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Photogenics | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Up to version 5 | Pocket PC |
PhotoLine | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
PhotoPerfect | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Photos | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Photo Raster | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Picasa | Yes | Yes | Up to version 3.0 | No | No | No | No |
PicMaster | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pinta | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
PixBuilder Photo Editor | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pixelmator | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Pixen | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Pixia | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
PMview | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | OS/2 |
Project Dogwaffle | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
QFX | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | DOS 3.3 and up |
Rawstudio | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
RawTherapee | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Seashore | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Serif PhotoPlus | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Shotwell | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Tux Paint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
TVPaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Up to version 3.59[10] | No |
UFRaw | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Ulead PhotoImpact | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Ultimate Paint | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
WinImages | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Xara Photo & Graphic Designer | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
XnView | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | varying[11] |
XPaint | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | IBM AIX |
Zoner Photo Studio | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
PixelStyle Photo Editor | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Windows | OS X | Linux | BSD | Unix | AmigaOS | Other |
Features
Selection editing | Layers | Histogram | Scripting | HDR | Retouching | Resizing | Noise removal | Lens correction | Sized Printing | Sharpening | Color correction | Image library | Plug-in support[12] | Non-destructive editing | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability Photopaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
ACD Canvas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Adobe Fireworks | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Adobe Photoshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (Through Mini Bridge) | Yes | Partial |
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Aperture | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Autodesk SketchBook Pro | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Artipic | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
ArtRage | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Artweaver | Yes | Yes | No | Via plug-in[13] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
Bibble | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Bloom Image Editor | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Brush Strokes Image Editor | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Capture One | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chasys Draw IES | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Partial | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
CinePaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
CodedColor PhotoStudio Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Corel PaintShop Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Corel Painter | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Corel Photo-Paint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Cosmigo Pro Motion | Yes | No | No | No | No | Partial | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
darktable | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Deluxe Paint | No | Partial[14] | Partial | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | No | ? |
DigiKam | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Erdas Imagine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
Fatpaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? |
Fotografix | Yes | Yes | No | Partial | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? |
GIMP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Via plug-in[15] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
GIMPshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
GraphicConverter | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Via plug-in | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
HDR PhotoStudio | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
Helicon Filter | Partial | No[16] | Yes | No[17] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
iPhoto | No | No | Yes | Partial[18] | No | Yes | Partial | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
IrfanView | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Via plug-in[19] | Yes | No | No | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Iridient Developer | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Kolourpaint | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Krita | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
MacPaint | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Office Picture Manager | Partial | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | No | ? |
Microsoft Paint | No | No | No | No | No | Partial | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Microsoft Photo Editor | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? |
Mootif | Partial | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Partial | No | No | ? | No | No | ? |
OpenCanvas | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? |
Paint.NET | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
PC Paintbrush | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Photofinish | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Photogenics | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
PhotoLine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
PhotoPerfect | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Photos | No | No | Yes | Partial[20] | No | Yes | Partial | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Photo Raster | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? |
Picasa | No | No | Yes | No | Partial[21] | Partial | Partial | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
PicMaster | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
PixBuilder Photo Editor | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pixelmator | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Pixia | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? |
Project Dogwaffle | ? | Commercial version | Yes | Partial | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
QFX | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? |
RawTherapee | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Serif PhotoPlus | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? |
Side Effects Houdini | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? |
Tux Paint | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? |
TVPaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Ulead PhotoImpact | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Ultimate Paint | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
WinImages | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Xara Photo & Graphic Designer | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
XnView | No | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
XPaint | Yes | Partial | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes | No |
Zoner Photo Studio | Yes | Partial[22] | Yes | No[23] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
PixelStyle Photo Editor | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Selection editing | Layers | Histogram | Scripting | HDR | Retouching | Image scaling | Noise removal | Lens correction | Sized Printing | Unsharp masking | Color correction | Image library | Plug-in support[12] | Non-destructive editing |
Color spaces
sRGB | Adobe RGB | Indexed | Grayscale | CMYK | LAB | HSV | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability Photopaint | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Import only | ||
ACD Canvas | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Adobe Fireworks | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Adobe Photoshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Import only | ? | ? |
Autodesk SketchBook Pro | Yes | ? | Yes | No | No | ||
Artipic | Yes | Yes | Yes | Import only | Import only | Import only | Import only |
ArtRage | Yes | ? | No | No | No | ||
Artweaver | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Bibble | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Brush Strokes Image Editor | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Capture One | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chasys Draw IES | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Partial | No | Partial |
CinePaint | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
CodedColor PhotoStudio Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Corel PaintShop Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial[24] | Partial[24] |
Corel Painter | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | ||
Corel Photo-Paint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Cosmigo Pro Motion | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ||
darktable | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? |
Deluxe Paint | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
Erdas Imagine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Fatpaint | Yes | No | Partial | Partial | Partial | No | Partial |
Fotografix | Yes | No | Import only | Import only | Import only | No | No |
GIMP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial[25] | Partial[24] | Yes |
GIMPshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial[25] | No | Yes |
GrafX2 | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
GraphicConverter | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Helicon Filter | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ||
iPhoto | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
IrfanView | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Iridient Developer | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Kolourpaint | Yes | ? | No | Yes | No | ||
Krita | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
MacPaint | No | No | No | Yes | No | ||
Microsoft Office Picture Manager | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | ||
Microsoft Paint | Yes | ? | Import only | No | No | No | No |
Microsoft Photo Editor | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Mootif | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ||
OpenCanvas | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | No | ||
Paint.NET | Yes | No | Partial | Partial | Partial | No | Partial |
PC Paintbrush | No | ? | Yes | No | No | ||
Photofinish | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Photogenics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
PhotoLine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
PhotoPerfect | Yes | Import only | No | Yes | Import only | Curve editing only | No |
Photos | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Photo Raster | Yes | No | No | Partial | No | No | No |
Picasa | Yes | ? | Partial | Partial | No | ||
PicMaster | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
PixBuilder Photo Editor | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Pixelmator | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Pixia | Yes | ? | No | No | No | ||
Project Dogwaffle | Yes | ? | No | No | No | ||
QFX | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
RawTherapee | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Seashore | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Serif PhotoPlus | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? |
Tux Paint | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
TVPaint | Yes | ? | No | No | No | ||
Ulead PhotoImpact | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Import only | No | Yes |
Ultimate Paint | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ||
WinImages | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | |
Xara Photo & Graphic Designer | Yes | Partial | Partial | Partial | Partial | No | Partial |
XnView | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Partial | No | Partial |
XPaint | Yes | No | Partial | Yes | No | No | No |
Zoner Photo Studio | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Partial | No |
PixelStyle Photo Editor | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
sRGB | Adobe RGB | Indexed | Grayscale | CMYK | LAB | HSV |
File support
RAW imports | BMP | GIF | JPEG | JPEG 2000 | HD Photo | PNG | TIFF | PSD | PSP | XCF | PCX | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability Photopaint | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | |
ACD Canvas | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | |
Adobe Fireworks | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
Adobe Photoshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Via plug-in[26] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom | Yes | No | Via plug-in[27] | Yes | Via plug-in[28] | No | Via plug-in[27] | Yes | Partial[29] | ? | ? | ? |
Autodesk SketchBook Pro | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |
Artipic | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | No | No | Yes | |
ArtRage | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | |
Artweaver | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | Partial | No | No | Yes | |
Bibble | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Brush Strokes Image Editor | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | |
Capture One | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | |
Chasys Draw IES | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
CinePaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Partial | No | Yes | ? | |
CodedColor PhotoStudio Pro | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
Corel PaintShop Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial[30] | Yes | No | Yes | |
Corel Painter | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes[31] | Yes | Yes | No | Import | |
Corel Photo-Paint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
Cosmigo Pro Motion | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
darktable | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Deluxe Paint[32] | No | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | |
DigiKam | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | |
Erdas Imagine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Import |
Fatpaint | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Fotografix | Partial | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Import only | No | Import only | Import only |
GIMP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[33] | Via plug-in[34] | Yes | Single page only | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
GIMPshop | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
GrafX2 | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes |
GraphicConverter | Partial[35] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[36] | Yes |
HDR PhotoStudio | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Helicon Filter | Yes | Yes | Import | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
ImageMagick | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
iPhoto | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes |
IrfanView | Via plug-in | Yes | Yes | Yes | Via plug-in | Via plug-in | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
Iridient Developer | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | |
Kolourpaint | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Import | Yes |
Krita | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Import | |
MacPaint | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Microsoft Office Picture Manager | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | First page only[37] | No | No | No | Yes | |
Microsoft Paint | No | Yes | Partial[38] | Yes | No | No | Partial[38] | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Microsoft Photo Editor | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Import | |
Mootif | ? | No | Import only | Yes | Import only | Yes | Import only | No | No | No | No | |
OpenCanvas | ? | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes[39] | No | No | ? |
Paint.NET | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[40] | Yes | Via plug-ins[41] | Partial | No | No | Yes |
PC Paintbrush | ? | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | |
Photofinish | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | |
Photogenics | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | |
PhotoLine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | ? | No | No |
PhotoPerfect | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No layer support | Yes | No | Yes |
Photos | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes |
Photo Raster | No | Import | Import | Yes | No | No | Yes | Import | No | No | No | Import |
Picasa | Yes | Import | Import | Yes | No | Import | No | Import | No | No | No | |
PicMaster | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
PixBuilder Photo Editor | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | |
Pixelmator | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Pixia | ? | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |
PMview | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Project Dogwaffle | ? | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
QFX | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? |
RawTherapee | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Seashore | ? | Partial | Partial | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | |
Serif PhotoPlus | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Tux Paint[42] | No | Yes | Import | Import | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
TVPaint | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
Ulead PhotoImpact | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Import | No | Yes | |
Ultimate Paint | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
WinImages | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | |
Xara Photo & Graphic Designer | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Import only | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
XnView | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Import | Yes |
XPaint | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
Zoner Photo Studio | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Import only | Yes | Yes | Yes | Import only | Import only | No | Yes |
PixelStyle Photo Editor | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Import only | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
RAW imports | BMP | GIF | JPEG | JPEG 2000 | HD Photo | PNG | TIFF | PSD | PSP | XCF | PCX |
See also
- Raster graphics (also called bitmap)
- Vector editors versus bitmap editors
- Comparison of raster to vector conversion software
- Comparison of image viewers
- Comparison of vector graphics editors
- Comparison of 3D computer graphics software
References
- ^ "GIMP 2.7 RELEASE NOTES". 2011-04-11. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
- ^ http://blog.getpaint.net/2009/11/06/a-new-license-for-paintnet-v35/
- ^ http://www.getpaint.net/license.html
- ^ According to an official message on the developer's home page, the author suspended development of Project Dogwaffle due to religious reasons. Except for the message and a link to the continued development, no download or documentation remain on the website. Third-party shareware developers and vendors online sell licensed actively developed versions of Project Dogwaffle software. Later versions are called PD Pro x (x=version number)
- ^ An older product called Canvas X is available for the Mac
- ^ Deluxe Paint runs on only AmigaOS, Atari ST, and DOS.
- ^ Image browser not available on Mac OS X
- ^ a b MacPaint was developed for the classic Mac OS. Cite error: The named reference "os_3" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Limited support using Mono
- ^ Linux version is available as freeware
- ^ IRIX, DOS, mobile, iOS in different periods
- ^ a b External plug-ins may allow the program to perform some tasks, such as noise reduction or lens distortion, that could not otherwise be done.
- ^ Artweaver does not have scripting by default, but with the Lua Scripting Plug-In, one can add scripting to Artweaver using the Lua programming language.
- ^ There are two: the main page and the swap page.
- ^ Via the GIMP HDR plug-in
- ^ Helicon Filter does not implement layers, but it can insert frames and editable text, and objects from one photo can be brushed into the main photo.
- ^ Although Helicon Filter does not support actual scripting, it is capable of storing and reusing sequences and settings of edits.
- ^ iPhoto can be scripted using Automator and AppleScript.
- ^ IrfanView has basic retouching capabilities via the Paint plug-in that is bundled by default with the application.
- ^ Photos can be scripted using Automator and AppleScript.
- ^ If images are perfectly aligned, Picasa can create a Multi-Exposure Collage which effectively makes a simple HDR with little customization, though brightness has to be corrected afterwards with no bit depth increase.
- ^ Zoner Photo Studio 11 supports one temporary layer.
- ^ Zoner Photo Studio does not actually support scripting, but it can store and reuse sequences of filters with preset parameters (Batch Filter).
- ^ a b c Split to channels
- ^ a b Via the Separate+ plug-in
- ^ Photoshop requires an optional plug-in from the installation disc to support JPEG 2000.
- ^ a b Requires the Any File plug-in
- ^ http://www.lightroom-plugins.com/JP2index.php
- ^ To import and work with a multi-layered PSD file in Lightroom, the file must be saved in Photoshop with the Maximize PSD and PSB File Compatibility preference turned on.
- ^ No layer modes support
- ^ Corel Painter does not support TIFF with LZW compression.
- ^ Deluxe Paint (and almost every other paint package) for versions 3.0 and later of AmigaOS can load and save any file format for which a datatype is registered on the system.
- ^ Native support added in version 2.8
- ^ Requires the JPEG XR plug-in
- ^ Many RAW images can be imported, but are reduced to 8 bits per color channel.
- ^ GraphicConverter requires OS X or later with installed Image Magick application of the Fink package or any other distribution in order to support XCF.
- ^ Microsoft Office Picture Manager and Paint.NET only support TIFF for viewing and editing of the first page.
- ^ a b MS Paint doesn't support transparency in GIF or PNG
- ^ PSD is supported only in openCanvas 4 Plus, not regular openCanvas 4.
- ^ Paint.NET 3.08 supports import/export of images in HD Photo lossy & lossless format via a file-type plug-in based on a Microsoft HD Photo specification; it expires on September 1, 2007 or if the Paint.NET version is 3.20 or higher. The developers hope tentatively plan to implement full HD Photo support by version 3.20.
- ^ The free plug-ins needed for JPEG 2000, PSD, and XCF support can be found on Paint.NET's website.
- ^ For the BMP, JPEG and PNG formats, the user is sandboxed in an interface that does not permit file system interaction, including viewing of filenames and the choice of a file's name, type, or location. Files are selected by thumbnails, and may only be loaded from one predetermined directory.