Foreign relations of Kosovo
Constitution and law |
---|
Foreign relations of Kosovo are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. Kosovo operates 24 embassies abroad and is host to 21 Embassies in Pristina. Kosovo has membership in several International Organisations.
On 17 February 2008, members of the Assembly of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. This move was controversial among the international community. International supervision ended in September 2012,[1] and Kosovo became responsible for its own governance.[2] The Republic of Kosovo has been recognised by 114 UN member states, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the Cook Islands, and Niue. Additionally some countries that don't formally recognise the Republic of Kosovo (China, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Greece) maintain non-diplomatic official "liaison offices" in Kosovo; as does the European Union.
The current Foreign Minister of Kosovo is Behgjet Pacolli.
Status of diplomatic relations
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo has initiated the process of establishing diplomatic relations with all states that have recognised Republic of Kosovo, either by opening new missions or through accreditation of non-resident ambassadors to these countries.[3]
The Republic of Kosovo has established diplomatic relations with 92 countries:
Country | Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |
Status of Diplomatic Mission in Kosovo[4] |
Status of Diplomatic Mission in the country[5] |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan[6] | 17 June 2013 | |||
Albania[7][8][9] | 18 February 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Albania–Kosovo relations |
Andorra[10] | 14 September 2011 | |||
Australia[11][12] | 21 May 2008 | Embassy | Australia–Kosovo relations | |
Austria | 20 March 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Austria–Kosovo relations |
Bahrain[13] | 12 March 2014 | |||
Bangladesh[14] | 16 February 2018 | Embassy (to open) [15] | ||
Barbados[16] | 9 March 2018 | |||
Belgium[17] | 10 April 2008 | Liaison office | Embassy | Belgium–Kosovo relations |
Belize[18] | 30 April 2016 | |||
Brunei[19] | 20 February 2017 | |||
Bulgaria | 27 May 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Bulgaria–Kosovo relations |
Burkina Faso[20] | 6 December 2012 | |||
Canada[21] | 7 April 2009 | Embassy | ||
Chad[22] | 27 May 2018 | |||
Comoros[23] | 6 June 2015 | |||
Cook Islands[24] | 18 May 2015 | |||
Costa Rica[25][26] | 23 September 2013 | |||
Croatia[27] | 30 June 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Croatia–Kosovo relations |
Czech Republic[28] | 16 June 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Czech Republic–Kosovo relations |
Denmark[29] | 6 March 2008 | Liaison office | Denmark–Kosovo relations | |
Djibouti[30] | 22 March 2013 | |||
Dominica[31] | 12 December 2012 | |||
El Salvador[32] | 17 October 2014 | |||
Estonia[33] | 24 April 2008 | Estonia–Kosovo relations | ||
Fiji[34] | 13 February 2013 | |||
Finland[35] | 2 February 2009 | Embassy | Finland–Kosovo relations | |
France | 18 February 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | France–Kosovo relations |
Gabon[36] | 5 March 2014 | |||
Gambia[37] | 23 September 2016 | |||
Germany | 27 February 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | German–Kosovan relations |
Ghana[38] | 4 October 2012 | |||
Grenada[39] | 25 September 2013 | |||
Guinea-Bissau[40] | 19 June 2018 | |||
Guyana[41] | 13 June 2013 | |||
Honduras[42] | 2 December 2010 | |||
Hungary[43] | 27 June 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Hungary–Kosovo relations |
Iceland[44] | 15 May 2012 | |||
Ireland | 11 November 2008 | Ireland–Kosovo relations | ||
Italy[45] | 15 May 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Italy–Kosovo relations |
Ivory Coast[46] | 24 August 2016 | |||
Japan[47][48] | 25 February 2009 | Liaison office | Embassy | Japan–Kosovo relations |
Jordan[49] | 5 June 2013 | |||
Kuwait[50] | 16 January 2013 | |||
Latvia[51] | 11 June 2008 | Kosovo–Latvia relations | ||
Liberia [52] | 27 May 2018 | Embassy (to open)[53] | ||
Libya[54] | 14 May 2014 | |||
Liechtenstein[3][55] | 28 June 2012 | Kosovo–Liechtenstein relations | ||
Lithuania[56] | 1 September 2008 | Kosovo–Lithuania relations | ||
Luxembourg[57] | 16 June 2011 | Embassy | ||
North Macedonia[58] | 18 October 2009 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–Macedonia relations |
Malawi[59] | 20 July 2016 | |||
Malaysia[60][61] | 23 March 2011 | Kosovo–Malaysia relations | ||
Maldives[62] | 16 April 2009 | Kosovo–Maldives relations | ||
Malta[63] | 22 September 2011 | |||
Marshall Islands[64] | 27 October 2013 | |||
Mauritania[65] | 10 February 2016 | |||
Micronesia[66] | 19 September 2013 | |||
Monaco[67] | 19 March 2008 | |||
Montenegro[68] | 15 January 2010 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–Montenegro relations |
Nauru[69][70] | 23 April 2008 | |||
Netherlands | 27 June 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–Netherlands relations |
New Zealand[71] | 9 November 2009 | |||
Niger[72] | 25 January 2013 | |||
Niue[73] | 23 June 2015 | |||
Norway | 25 October 2008 | Embassy | Kosovo–Norway relations | |
Oman[74] | 4 February 2011 | |||
Pakistan[75] | 27 January 2013 | Liaison office | Kosovo-Pakistan relations | |
Palau[76] | 23 August 2017 | |||
Panama[77] | 27 August 2013 | Embassy | ||
Portugal[78] | 14 November 2011 | Embassy (to open) | Kosovo-Portugal relations | |
Qatar[79] | 7 January 2011 | Embassy (to open) | ||
Saint Kitts and Nevis[80] | 5 March 2016 | |||
Samoa[81] | 10 March 2017 | |||
San Marino[82][83] | 3 May 2012 | |||
Saudi Arabia[84][85] | 7 August 2009 | Embassy | Kosovo–Saudi Arabia relations | |
Senegal[86] | 15 February 2014 | Embassy[87] | ||
Singapore[88] | 1 December 2016 | Kosovo–Singapore relations | ||
Sierra Leone[89] | 24 November 2015 | |||
Slovenia | 15 May 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–Slovenia relations |
Solomon Islands[90][91] | 28 April 2015 | |||
Somalia[92] | 6 June 2015 | |||
Sweden[93][94] | 28 March 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–Sweden relations |
Switzerland | 28 March 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–Switzerland relations |
Tanzania[95] | 2 April 2014 | Embassy (to open) [96] | ||
Thailand[97][98] | 22 November 2013 | Embassy (to open)[99] | Kosovo–Thailand relations | |
Togo[100] | 21 July 2014 | |||
Turkey | 18 February 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–Turkey relations |
United Arab Emirates[101][102] | 27 April 2010 | Embassy [99] | Kosovo–United Arab Emirates relations | |
United Kingdom | 18 February 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–United Kingdom relations |
United States | 18 February 2008 | Embassy | Embassy | Kosovo–United States relations |
Vanuatu[103] | 23 September 2010 |
Membership in international organisations
Enver Hoxhaj, Kosovo's Minister of Foreign Affairs, has stated that the country is considering making applications for membership in three United Nations specialized agencies in the first half of 2013,[104] and that an application for membership of the Council of Europe in 2014 is being prepared.[105] Deputy Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi reiterated the state's desire to join in December 2014.[106] Kosovo is also preparing a membership application for the World Trade Organization.[107] Joining NATO's Partnership for Peace is a priority of the government.[108]
Hoxhaj has said that Kosovo's goal is to be a full UN member state by 2020 and NATO member state by 2022.[109][110]
International Organisation | Political Entity Represented | Application date | Admission date | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regional Cooperation Council (RCC)[111] | Kosovo*[112][113][114] | [when?] | Member[115] | |
Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) | UNMIK | [when?] | Observer[116] | |
South East Europe Transport Observatory (SEETO) | Kosovo* and UNMIK[117][118] | 11 June 2004[119] | Member | |
Energy Community | Kosovo*[120][121] | 1 July 2006 | Member | |
European Common Aviation Area (ECAA) | UNMIK | 30 November 2006 | Member | |
Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) | UNMIK | 6 April 2006 | 26 July 2007[122] | Member |
After the Declaration of the Independence | ||||
International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Republic of Kosovo | 10 July 2008[123] | 29 June 2009[124] | Member |
World Bank (WB) | Republic of Kosovo | 10 July 2008[125] | 29 June 2009[126] | Member |
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ERBD) | Republic of Kosovo[127] | 2010 or 2009[128][when?] | 17 December 2012[129] | Member |
Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) | Republic of Kosovo | 14 June 2013[130] | Member | |
Council of Bureaux (CoBx) | Republic of Kosovo | 2011[131] | Applicant | |
Adriatic Charter | Republic of Kosovo | 29 March 2012[132] | Applicant | |
NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) | Republic of Kosovo | July 2012[133] | Applicant | |
Council of Europe Venice Commission | Republic of Kosovo | 13 June 2014[134] | Member | |
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) | Republic of Kosovo[135] | 29 November 2014[136] | Observer | |
South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP) | Kosovo*[137] | 23 May 2015[138] | Member | |
Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units | Republic of Kosovo | 1 February 2017[139] | Member | |
World Customs Organization (WCO) | Republic of Kosovo | 3 March 2017[140] | Member | |
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) | Republic of Kosovo | 6 November 2015[141] | 5 January 2016[142][143] | Member |
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) | Republic of Kosovo | April 2015[144] | Applicant | |
Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) | Republic of Kosovo | 18 March 2017[145] | Member |
Names used to represent Kosovo
Kosovo is represented under the name:
- "Republic of Kosovo";
- "Kosovo*" (with an asterisk),
depending on the particular international forum. A list is set out above. The name "Republic of Kosovo" is self-explanatory and is the preferred nomenclature of the Pristina Government. The name "Kosovo*" with an asterisk is used in other fora. Where this name is used, the asterisk is linked to a footnote which reads:
This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSC 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
This "Kosovo*" designation was the outcome of an arrangement agreed to between Pristina and Belgrade in talks mediated by the European Union. This arrangement, which has been dubbed the "asterisk agreement" was agreed in an 11-point arrangement agreed on 24 February 2012.[146]
"UNMIK" is an acronmym for the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, which has joined several organizations on behalf of Kosovo.
International treaties and conventions
International treaty or convention | Political Entity Represented | Signature | Ratification |
---|---|---|---|
Free Trade Agreement with Albania | UNMIK | 7 July 2003[147] | 1 October 2003[148] |
Free Trade Agreement with Macedonia | UNMIK | 2 February 2006[148] | |
Free Trade Agreement with Croatia | UNMIK | 28 September 2006[148] | 1 November 2006[148][149] |
Free Trade Agreement with Bosnia and Herzegovina | UNMIK | 19 October 2006[148] | 1 December 2006[148][149] |
EU Pan-EURO-MED RoO convention[150] | Kosovo under UNSCR 1244 |
See also
- International recognition of Kosovo
- Membership of Kosovo in international organizations
- List of diplomatic missions of Kosovo
- List of diplomatic missions in Kosovo
- Membership of Kosovo in international sports federations
- International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence
- Kosovo–Serbia relations
- Bosnia and Herzegovina–Kosovo relations
- Visa policy of Kosovo
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- ^ "Hoxhaj: 2013, vit i suksesshëm i politikës së jashtme". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. 2013-11-20. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
- ^ "Hoxhaj: Kosova e gatshme për aplikim kredibil në Këshillin e Evropës". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2014-01-19.
- ^ "Zëvendëskryeministri i parë dhe Ministri i Jashtëm Thaçi u takua me Sekretarin e Përgjithshëm të Këshillit të Evropës, Jagland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. 2014-12-17. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
- ^ "Kosovo Ministry of Trade to apply to WTO". 2015-03-13. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
- ^ Thaçi, Hashim. "Prioritetet e reja të Politikës së Jashtme të Kosovës". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo.
- ^ "Hoxhaj në Pejë, Kosova në OKB deri më 2020 (Video)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
- ^ "Hoxhaj në Mitrovicë, Kosova anëtarësohet në NATO para 2022". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. 2014-05-16. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
- ^ Formerly the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe
- ^ Before 28 February 2013 membership was assigned to the UNMIK.
- ^ "Hoxhaj: Anëtarësimi në RCC, historik për Kosovën". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Regional Cooperation Council – News archive". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Regional Cooperation Council – Structure". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ SECI observers Archived 2012-04-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Before 2013 only the UNMIK.
- ^ "SEETO Participants". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "SEETO – South-east Europe Transport Observatory". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ Before April 2013 membership was assigned to the UNMIK.
- ^ "Parties". Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) initialled" (PDF) (Press release). UNMIK – DSRSG Office for News and Communication. 2006-11-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2008-04-09.
{{cite press release}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Statement on Membership of the Republic of Kosovo in the IMF" (Press release). International Monetary Fund. 2008-07-15. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
On July 10, 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received an application for admission to membership in the IMF from the Republic of Kosovo.
- ^ "Kosovo Becomes the International Monetary Fund's 186th Member" (Press release). International Monetary Fund. 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
The Republic of Kosovo became the 186th member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) today when President Fatmir Sejdiu and Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi signed the IMF's original Articles of Agreement at a ceremony in Washington D.C.
- ^ "Kosovo Application for Membership in World Bank" (Press release). World Bank. 2008-07-15. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
In the letter dated July 10, 2008, Kosovo applied for membership in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
- ^ "Kosovo Joins World Bank Group Institutions" (Press release). World Bank. 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
The Republic of Kosovo became the newest member of the five World Bank Group institutions today, when Kosovar President Fatmir Sejdiu and Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi signed the Articles of Agreement of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
- ^ Kosovo joins EBRD: "...majority decision to include the Republic of Kosovo as member.", Estonia MFA
- ^ "Row heats up over Kosovo EBRD bid". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ EBRD – Our shareholders
- ^ "The Republic of Kosovo is accepted as newest member of Council of Europe Development Bank". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2012/1 – (CoB) Report from the President
- ^ Ministri i FSK-së Agim Ҫeku kërkoi antarsimin në “Karta e Adriatikut”, Ministry for Kosovo Security Force, 2012-03-29 (in Albanian): "KSF Minister Agim Ҫeku sought membership in the "Adriatic Charter" ... presented reasonable and reasoned request for membership of the Republic of Kosovo ... Next Conference of Ministers of Defense is expected to take place in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where it is expected that the Republic of Kosovo is a member with full rights."
- ^ "Kosovo seeks to join international organisations". Turkish Weekly. 2012-07-19. Archived from the original on 2012-07-25. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Kosovo becomes 60th member of Venice Commission of Council of Europe". Voice of Russia. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
- ^ "Kosovo Profile". francophonie.org. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
- ^ "Le Mexique, le Costa Rica et le Kosovo membres observateurs". francophonie.org. 29 November 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
- ^ "Second Plenary Session of SEECP PA, 22–23 May 2015". rspcsee.org. 27 May 2015.
- ^ "Kosovo becomes South-East Coop. Process member". videonews.us. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ^ "NJËSIA PËR INTELIGJENCË FINANCIARE BËHET ANËTARE E EGMONT GROUP". Radio Television of Kosovo. 2017-01-02. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
- ^ Kosova anëtarësohet në Organizatën Botërore të Doganave, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2017-03-04 (in Albanian)
- ^ http://www.internationallawobserver.eu/2016/01/14/kosovos-membership-in-the-pca/
- ^ Kosovo towards accession to the Apostille Convention and to the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo
- ^ Kosova anëtarësohet në Gjykatën e Përhershme të Arbitrazhit, TRT in Albanian 2016-06-15
- ^ KOSOVA NË PRITJE TË KRITEREVE TË REJA PËR ANËTARËSIM NË INTERPOL, TV Shenja
- ^ Kosovo joins the International Exhibitions Bureau (BIE), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2016-03-18
- ^ "B92 - Insight - File Cabinet - Agreement on regional representation of Kosovo". B92. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Albania - UNMIK (Kosovo)" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-04-28.
- ^ a b c d e f "Stability Pact" (PDF). Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ a b Provisional application
- ^ "Agreements and conventions". Retrieved 20 February 2015.