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Horlivka

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Horlivka
Горлівка
City of regional significance
Horlivka Palace of Culture
Horlivka Palace of Culture
Flag of Horlivka
Flag
Coat of arms of Horlivka
Coat of arms
Country
Oblast
Raion		Ukraine
Donetsk Oblast
Horlivka Municipality
Government
 • MayorYevhen Klep[1]
Area
 • Total
422 km2 (163 sq mi)
Population
 (2013)
 • Total
256,714
 • Density686.9/km2 (1,779/sq mi)
ClimateDfb

Horlivka (Template:Lang-uk Ukrainian pronunciation: [ˈɦɔrliu̯kɑ]); also known by its Russian name Gorlovka[2] (Template:Lang-ru) or Gorlowka,[3] is a city of regional significance in the Donetsk Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. In 2001, the city's population was 292,000, which declined to 256,714 by 2013. Economic activity is predominantly coal mining and the chemical industry. The Horlivka State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages has a two building campus in the center of town.

The city was severely damaged during the War in Donbass and has since been under separatist control.[4]

History

See also: Posad
File:Horlivka Cathedral, November 2013.tif
Horlivka Cathedral

In 1779 the city was founded as Gosudarev Posad and in 1869 it was renamed after Pyotr Gorlov as Gorlovka (locally Horlivka). The workers' town provided basic services to and organization of a series of mining camps.

During the Russian Revolution of 1905, it was the scene of an armed uprising.

Subsequently, under Soviet control, by the 1930s it had expanded considerably and become a major center for mining operations in the Ukrainian SSR.

The city was occupied by German troops from 1941-1943.[5] During World War II retreating Nazis burned buildings and perpetrated mass shootings. Nonetheless, the city's population had risen to over 400,000 by the end of the war.

In recent years many mines have closed. The population fell by more than ten percent during the 1990s.

2014 pro-Russian separatism

See also: 2014 insurgency in Donbass § Horlivka

In the middle of April, 2014, and shortly thereafter, pro-Russian separatists captured several towns in Donetsk Oblast.[6][7] A group of separatists seized the police station in Horlivka on April 14;[8] the city hall was seized on April 30.[9] The mayor of the city, Yevhen Klep, was detained by the separatists on June 11, and not released until July 18.[10] Local chief of police Andriy Kryschenko was captured and badly beaten by the insurgents.[11][nb 1] A Horlivka city council deputy, Volodymyr Rybak, was kidnapped by the pro-Russian militants on 17 April. His body was later found in a river on 22 April.[14] The city administration building was seized on 30 April, solidifying separatist control over Horlivka.[15] Self-proclaimed mayor of Horlivka Volodymyr Kolosniuk was arrested by the SBU on suspicion of participation in "terrorist activities" on 2 July.[16]

On July 21 and 22, 2014, the city saw heavy fighting.[17][18] The Ukrainian army reportedly retook parts of Horlivka on July 21.[19] After the Ukrainian army had retaken Lysychansk on July 25, 2014,[20] the recapture of Horlivka became a priority, for the city was seen as "a direct path to the regional center - Donetsk".[21] As of 28 July, the city was reported to be fully surrounded by Ukrainian troops, with rebels holding their positions inside.[22] However, Horlivka continued to be controlled by separatist forces.[4][23] As of June 2015 it was situated 10 kilometers from the war front.[4] Suburbs of Horlivka stayed under Ukrainian army control.[24]

As reported by the city administration, from the beginning of the conflict till late January 2015 274 local civilians were wounded and 92 killed, including 9 children.[25] Because of the conflict the city's population shrank to 180,000.[4]

Demographics

Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:[26]

National composition as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:[26]

Nationality Number %
Ukrainians 160,397 51,4
Russians 139,980 44,8
Belarusians 4,079 1,3
Tatars 876 0,3
Armenians 784 0,3
Moldovans 720 0,2
Azeris 647 0,2

Infrastructure and environment

Lenin monument, Horlivka
Stirol chemical plant in Horlivka
Mykytivka railway station
A billboard in Horlivka

Despite the fall of communism a statue of Lenin still stands in a central square bearing his name. Horlivka is well served by CNG-buses (see Natural gas vehicle), but much of the city's Soviet-era infrastructure shows signs of deterioration. By contrast, a number of modern shops and a new cathedral (completed 2014) in the town center indicate some rejuvenation.

On the eastern side of Horlivka there is an abandoned chemical plant which used to produce toxic explosives and has been reported to be in a dangerous condition.[27][28] Mining activity has resulted in large spoil tips being visible around the city, but a tree-planting project and ongoing forestry maintenance has revitalised an area to the north.

The city was severely damaged during the War in Donbass.[4]

Administrative division

Zheleznaya Balka (Iron Valley) near Horlivka
Administrative system of Horlivka:
Districts of Horlivka:
  Kalinin
  Mykytivka Raion
  City Center
 Populated places:
1 — Hladosove
2 — Holmivsky
3 — Zaitseve
4 — Mykhailivka
5 — Ozeryanivka
6 — Panteleymonivka
7 — Piatykhatky
8 — Ryasne
9 — Stavky
10 — Fedorivka
11 — Shyroka Balka

The city is divided into three city districts: Mykytivka, Kalinin, and City Center.

The city municipality also includes several towns and villages. Most of populated places belongs to the City Center district, while Hladosove, Holmivsky and Zaitseve is part of Mykytivka district.

  • towns: Holmivsky, Zaitseve, Panteleymonivka
  • villages: Mykhailivka, Ryasne
  • hamlets: Hladosove, Ozeryanivka, Piatykhatky, Stavky, Fedorivka, Shyroka Balka

Notable people from Horlivka

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Horlivka is twinned with:

Notes

  1. ^ On 6 April 2015 Interior Minister Arsen Avakov appointed Andriy Kryschenko police chief of Kharkiv.[12] On 15 December 2015 he was appointed Chief of the National Police of Ukraine in Kiev.[13]

References

  1. ^ The result counts, Den (24 February 2011)
  2. ^ "Gorlovka: Ukraine". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
  3. ^ "Gorlowka: Ukraine". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
  4. ^ a b c d e Resident of Russian-held Horlivka: 'We have nothing', Kyiv Post (22 June 2015)
  5. ^ "Yahad-In Unum Interactive Map". Execution Sites of Jewish Victims Investigated by Yahad-In Unum. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  6. ^ Leonid Ragozin. "Putin Is Accidentally Helping Unite Eastern and Western Ukraine - The New Republic". The New Republic.
  7. ^ "Injuries reported in pro-Russia attack at Horlivka in east Ukraine". euronews.
  8. ^ "Ukraine: Protesters Seize Police HQ in Horlivka". VOA.
  9. ^ "In rundown Horlivka, pro-Russian separatists' gains come as no surprise to many". Washington Post.
  10. ^ "Media: Separatists free Horlivka mayor". KyivPost.
  11. ^ Ukrainska Pravda, Аваков: Керівник міліції Горлівки - справжній офіцер – побитий, але живий [Avakov says that the head of police in Horlivka, a true officer, is battered but alive], 14 April 2014.
  12. ^ Template:Uk icon Police Kharkiv now headed by officer who survived after beating separatists, Ukrayinska Pravda (6 April 2015)
  13. ^ Template:Uk icon Chief of police of Kharkiv transferred to Kiev, SQ (15 December 2015)
  14. ^ "Ukraine alert as politician killed". BBC. 2014-04-22. Retrieved 2014-11-03.
  15. ^ "Pro-Russian separatists seize buildings in east Ukraine's Horlivka". The Globe and Mail. 30 April 2014. Archived from the original on 30 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  16. ^ "SBU Detains Self-Styled Major of Horlivka, Donetsk Region Kolosniuk". Ukrainian News Agency. 2 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  17. ^ "Horlivka sees gunfire, bridge damage, electric public transport halt". Interfax-Ukraine.
  18. ^ "Two inmates die, two more injured when colony in Horlivka comes under fire". Interfax-Ukraine.
  19. ^ "Government forces enter Horlivka suburb < News < Home". nrcu.gov.ua.
  20. ^ Felicia Schwartz and Carol E. Lee (26 July 2014). "White House Says Putin 'Culpable' in Flight 17 Crash". WSJ.
  21. ^ "ATO major forces to focus on Horlivka". ukrinform.ua.
  22. ^ Dmitry Lovetsky. "Fighting intensifies near crash site". The Columbus Dispatch.
  23. ^ "Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 18:00 (Kyiv time)". OSCE. 2015-01-19. Retrieved 2015-01-21.
  24. ^ Five Ukrainian soldiers were injured in hostilities in the anti-terrorist operation, Interfax-Ukraine (20 April 2016)
  25. ^ "Горловка после дня обстрелов: трое погибших, 17 раненых, повреждены 14 школ, приостановлена работа детских садов". Gorlovka.ua. 2015-01-19. Retrieved 2015-01-21.
  26. ^ a b "Ukrcensus.gov.ua". ukrcensus.gov.ua.
  27. ^ "Journal of Health & Pollution". doi:10.5696/2156-9614.1.2.2. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  28. ^ "2012-01-03 Chernobyl of Gorlivka".
  29. ^ "Town twinning Information about town twinning". Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council. 12 November 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
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