Kagayanen language
Appearance
Kagayanen | |
---|---|
Native to | Philippines |
Region | eastern Palawan |
Native speakers | 30,000 (2007)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | cgc |
Glottolog | kaga1256 |
The Kagayanen language is spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines.
Sounds
Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
Stop | p | b | t | d | k | g | ʔ | |||
Fricative | s | (h) | ||||||||
Approximant (Lateral) |
ð̞ | j | w | |||||||
l | ||||||||||
Rhotic | r |
[h] occurs only in loan words, proper names, or in words that have [h] in the cognates of neighboring languages.[3] Outside of loanwords, /d/ becomes [r] between vowels.[4]
Comparative and historical evidence suggests that /ð̞/ and /l/ were in complementary distribution before a split occurred with pressure from contact with English, Spanish, and Tagalog.[5]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ə | u |
Open | a |
/i/ ranges between [i] and [e], except in unstressed syllables (as well as before consonant clusters) where it lowers to [ɪ] or [ɛ].[7] Similarly, /u/ lowers to [ʊ] in unstressed syllables, before consonant clusters, and word-finally. It is otherwise [u].[8]
Notes
- ^ Kagayanen at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Olson et al. (2010:206)
- ^ Olson et al. (2010:206), citing MacGregor (1995:365)
- ^ Olson et al. (2010:207)
- ^ Olson et al. (2010:207–209)
- ^ Olson & Mielke (2007)
- ^ Olson & Mielke (2007:845)
- ^ Olson & Mielke (2007:847)
References
- MacGregor, Louise A. (1995), "Kagayanen: Introduction and wordlist", in Tryon, Darrell T. (ed.), Comparative Austronesian dictionary: An introduction to Austronesian studies, part 1: fascicle 1, Trends in Linguistics., vol. 10, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 363–368
- Olson, Kenneth S.; Mielke, Jeff (2007), "Acoustic properties of the Kagayanen vowel space", in Trouvain, Jürgen; Barry, William (eds.), Proceedinngs of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (PDF), Universität des Saarlandes, pp. 845–848, retrieved 2009-03-15
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(help) - Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296
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