List of Gilded Age mansions
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Gilded Age mansions were lavish houses built between 1870 and the early 20th century by some of the richest people in the United States.
These estates were raised by the nation's industrial, financial and commercial elite, who amassed great fortunes in era of expansion of the tobacco, railroad, steel, and oil industries coinciding with a lack of both governmental regulation and the absence of a personal income tax. The manor homes and city seats were designed by prominent architects of the day and decorated with antiquities, furniture, and works of art from the world over.
Many of the wealthy had undertaken grand tours of Europe, during which they admired the estates of the nobility. Seeing themselves as their American equivalent, they wished to emulate the old world dwellings on American soil, and spent extravagantly to do so, often seeking to one-up each other. Concentrations of such homes developed in the financial centers and resorts of the Northeast, the industrial heartland of the upper Midwest, and in the rapidly expanding regions of the West Coast, with vacations homes also appearing prominently in Florida.
Alabama
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Tacon Barfield House | 1901 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Mobile | Today a private residence |
Arizona
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Rosson House | 1895 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Phoenix | Today a historic house museum in Heritage Square |
Arkansas
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Hornibrook House | 1888 | Queen Anne | Little Rock | Part of Governor's Mansion Historic District |
California
Colorado
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Richthofen Castle | 1887 | Gothic Revival, Tudor Revival | Alexander Cazin Maurice Biscoe and Henry Hewitt (1910 renovation) Jacques Benedict (1924 renovation) |
Montclair, Denver | Built for Baron Walter von Richthofen | [14] |
Connecticut
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Lockwood–Mathews Mansion | 1864 | Renaissance | Detlef Lienau | Norwalk | Today, a museum | ||
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Samuel Clemens House (Mark Twain) | 1874 | Victorian Gothic | Edward Tuckerman Potter | Hartford | Today, a museum | |
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Lauder Greenway Estate | 1894 | French Renaissance | Greenwich | For a time, it was the most expensive home in United States history | [15] |
Delaware
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Nemours | 1909 | French Neoclassical | Carrère and Hastings | Wilmington | Owned by the Nemours Foundation | [16] |
District of Columbia
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Christian Heurich Mansion | 1892 | Late Victorian | John Granville Meyers | Washington, DC | Formerly housed the Historical Society of Washington | [17] |
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Townsend House | 1901 | Beaux-Arts | Carrère and Hastings | Washington, DC | Home to the Cosmos Club since 1952 | [17] |
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Walsh-McLean House | 1903 | Washington, DC | Today the Embassy of Indonesia | [18] | ||
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Anderson House | 1905 | Beaux-Arts | Little & Browne | Washington, DC | Today, it houses the Society of the Cincinnati's headquarters | [19][7] |
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Perry Belmont House | 1909 | Beaux-Arts | Ernest-Paul Sanson | Washington, DC | Headquarters of the General Grand Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star | [20][17] |
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Edward Hamlin Everett House | 1915 | Beaux-Arts | George Oakley Totten Jr. | Washington, DC | Formerly the Turkish embassy, today the ambassador's residence | [21] |
Florida
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Whitehall | 1902 | Beaux Arts | Pottier & Stymus, Carrère and Hastings | Palm Beach | Open to the public for tours | [22] |
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The Casements | 1910 | Shingle Style | Ormond Beach | Owned by the city of Ormond Beach and used as a cultural center and park | [23] | |
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Villa Vizcaya | 1914 | Mediterranean Revival and Baroque | F. Burrall Hoffman Paul Chalfin (designer) Diego Suarez (landscape) |
Miami | Houses the Miami Dade Art Museum | [24] |
Georgia
- Millionaires Row, Jekyll Island Club Historic District, 1888
Illinois
Iowa
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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C.R Joy House | 1896 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Keokuk | Destroyed by fire in 2018 | ||
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Fred B. Sharon House | 1891 | Second Empire | Davenport | Today a private residence | ||
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J. Monroe Parker–Ficke House | 1881 | Second Empire | T. W. McClelland | Davenport | Since 1978 the building has served as a fraternity house for Delta Sigma Chi from the Palmer College of Chiropractic. | |
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John Peirce Mansion | 1893 | Romanesque revival | Hansen Bros. | Sioux City | It is open to the public for quarterly open house events and is available for rental. |
Maine
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Morse-Libby House | 1860 | Italianante | Henry Austin | Portland | Today, a museum | |
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Oak Hall | 1914 | Colonial Revival | Benjamin Marshall | Northport | Today, a private residence | |
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East of Eden | 1910 | Mediterranean Revival | Guy Lowell | Bar Harbor | Today, a private residence | |
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Highseas | 1912 | Colonial Revival | Frederick Lincoln Savage | Bar Harbor | Today, owned by Jackson Laboratories |
Maryland
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Evergreen Museum & Library | 1858 | Classical Revival | Multiple | Baltimore | Now a historic house museum |
Massachusetts
Michigan
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Hunter House, William Northwood house | 1891 | Queen Anne | George F Depew | Detroit | Today a private residence | |
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William H. Wells House | 1889 | William H. Miller | Detroit | Today it is still a private home | ||
File:Edward W. Voigt House.jpg | Voigt House | 1884 | Romanesque | Julius Hess | Detroit | Was built for Edward W. Voigt and was demolished in 1955. | |
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Frost Residence | 1881 | Queen Anne | Detroit | Was built for George Smith Frost in the Brush Park neighborhood, was demolished in 1998 after 30 years of abandonment. | ||
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Leggett Mansion | 1883 | Romanesque | John Scott & Co | Detroit | Was built for Wells Wilner Leggett, was demolished in 1930s. | |
Meadow Brook Hall, Matilda Dodge House | 1929 | Tudor Revival | William E. Kapp | Rochester Hills | Today it is the Meadow Brook Hall Museum | ||
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Ransom Gillis House | 1876 | Venetian Gothic | Henry T. Brush & George D. Mason | Detroit | Abandoned since 1970 until its restoration in 2015 | |
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Franklin H. Walker House | 1896 | Neo-Jacobean | Mason & Rice | Detroit | Transformed into Michigan Mutual Liability Hospital and demolished in 1990 | |
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Charles Lang Freer House | 1892 | Shingle | Wilson Eyre | Detroit | Today, a Wayne State University campus | |
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George Jerome House | 1877 | Second Empire | Henry T Brush | Detroit | Demolished in 1935 | |
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Col. Frank J. Hecker House | 1892 | French Renaissance | Louis Kamper | Detroit | Today, a Wayne State University campus | |
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David Whitney House | 1894 | Romanesque Revival | Gordon W. Lloyd | Detroit | Today, a restaurant | [7] |
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Burt / Stephens Mansion | 1881/1891 | Chateauesque | Mason & Rice | Detroit | Was built in 1881 for John Burt, was sold to Clorinda L Stephens in 1891 and extensively altered. Finally was demolished in 1920s | |
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Bagley House | 1869 | Italianante | Detroit | Was built for John Judson Bagley and leater was converted in the Detroit Conservatory of Music in 1890s and demolished in 1914 for the Statler Hotel. | ||
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John S Newberry House | 1875 | Italianante | Gordon W. Lloyd | Detroit | Demolished in 1961. | |
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Russell A. Alger Jr. House | 1910 | Italian Renaissance Revival | Charles Adam Platt | Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan | Today, a community center for the Grosse Pointe Communities | [17] |
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Fair Lane | 1913-1915 | Baronial and Prairie | Joseph N. French William Van Tine Marion Mahony Griffin Frank Lloyd Wright Jens Jensen. | Dearborn | Today, a historical landscape and house museum | [7] |
Minnesota
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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James J. Hill House | 1891 | Richardsonian Romanesque | Peabody and Stearns | Saint Paul | Operated by the Minnesota Historical Society | [33] |
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Glensheen Mansion | 1908 | Jacobean Revival | Clarence H. Johnston Sr. Charles W. Leavitt, Jr. | Duluth | Operated by the University of Minnesota Duluth as a historic house museum | [7] |
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Kittson Mansion | 1884 | Second Empire | Abraham Ratcliffe | Saint Paul | Was built for Norman Wolfred Kittson, was demolished in 1908 for the Saint Paul Cathedral. | |
more images | Southways Estate | 1918 | Georgian and Tudor Revival | Harrie T. Lindeberg | Orono, Lake Minnetonka | Built for John S. Pillsbury; demolished in 2018 | [34] |
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Fair Oaks | 1884 | Châteauesque | E Townsend Mix | Minneapolis | Demolished in 1924 |
Mississippi
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | |
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Residence of R.L. Covington | 1907 | Colonial | George Franklin Barber | Hazlehurst | Today, a private residence |
Missouri
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Harvey M. Vaile Mansion | 1881 | Second Empire | Asa B. Cross | Independence | Today, a museum | |
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Robert A. Long House | 1910 | Beaux-Arts style | Henry Ford Hoit | Kansas City | Today, the Kansas City Museum | |
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Samuel Cupples House | 1890 | Romanesque Revival | Thomas B. Annan | St Louis | Today, a museum |
Montana
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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W. A. Clark Mansion | 1884 | Romanesque Revival Victorian | C. H. Brown | Butte | Today, a bed and breakfast | [35] |
New Jersey
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Glenmont, Thomas Edison House | 1881 | Queen Anne | Henry Hudson Holly | Orange | Originally built for Henry Pedder, Edison moved in 1885 | |
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Florham | 1893 | English Baroque Revival | McKim, Mead & White Frederick Law Olmsted (landscape) |
Madison and Florham Park | Part of the Fairleigh Dickinson University | [36] |
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Georgian Court | 1899 | Georgian Revival | Bruce Price | Lakewood | Today, part of Georgian Court University | [37] |
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Rutherfurd Hall | 1902 | Tudor Revival | Whitney Warren Olmsted Brothers (landscape) |
Allamuchy Township | Owned and managed by the Allamuchy School District | [38] |
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Blairsden | 1903 | French Renaissance | Carrère and Hastings | Peapack-Gladstone | Formerly a retreat house for the Sisters of St. John the Baptist | [39] |
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Krueger Mansion | 1888 | Late Victorian | Henry Schultz | Newark | In late 2020, the city and the company Makerhoods broke ground on refurbishing the mansion into live/work spaces for local experienced "makers" in the food, beauty, craft and other small-scale artisan industries for $1800 a month by application only. |
New York
New York City
North Carolina
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Biltmore | 1895 | Châteauesque | Richard Morris Hunt Frederick Law Olmsted (landscape) |
Asheville | Built for George Washington Vanderbilt II, it is the largest house in the U.S. | [96] |
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Alexander Martin Smith House, | 1897 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Elkin | Today, a private residence | |
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Richard Joshua Reynolds House | 1900 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Winston-Salem | Demolished in 1940s |
Ohio
Oregon
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Captain George Flavel House | 1885 | Queen Anne | Carl W. Leick | Astoria | Today a museum | |
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Richard B. Knapp House | 1882 | Queen Anne | Henry J. Hefty | Portland | Demolished in 1951 |
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Calhoun Mansion | 1876 | Italianate | George W. Williams | Charleston | Open for public tours | [137] |
Tennessee
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Hill Mansion | 1881 | French Renaissance | Memphis | Built by businessman and newspaper owner Napoleon Hill. Demolished in 1928 to make way for the Sterick Building. | [138] |
Texas
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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John H Hounghton House | 1887 | Queen Anne | James Wahrenberger | Austin | Demolished in 1973 | |
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George Littlefield House | 1893 | Queen Anne | James Wahrenberger | Austin | Today, part of the campus of the University of Texas at Austin | |
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John Bremond House | 1886 | Second Empire | Austin | Part of Texas Classroom Teachers Association |
Utah
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Gardo House | 1883 | Second Empire | William H Folsom and Joseph Ridges | Salt Lake City | Gardo House was the official residence of the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) during the terms of John Taylor and Wilford Woodruff. Was demolished on November 26, 1921. |
Vermont
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Hildene Mansion | 1905 | Georgian Revival | Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge | Manchester | ||
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Shelburne Farms | 1899 | Queen Anne | R. H. Robertson and Frederick Law Olmsted | Shelburne | Today is a nonprofit education center for sustainability |
Virginia
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Ellerslie | 1856 (extensively remodeled in 1910) | Italian Villa | Robert Young (1857) Carneal and Johnston (1910) |
Colonial Heights | ||
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Roseland Manor (also known as the Strawberry Banks Manor House) |
1887 | Châteauesque Queen Anne | Arthur Crooks | Hampton | Destroyed by fire in 1985[139] | [139] |
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Maymont | 1893 | Victorian | Edgerton S. Rogers | Richmond | Today, a historic house museum and arboretum[140] | [66] |
more images | Poplar Hill (also known as the Dunnington Mansion) |
1897 | Victorian | Farmville | 8,500 sq. ft. Manor home of tobacco baron Walter Grey Dunnington that has fallen into disrepair[141] | ||
more images | Berryman Mansion | 1900 | Colonial Revival | Smithfield | Built by P.D. Gwaltney as a wedding gift for his daughter who married F.R. Berryman.[142] | [142] | |
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P. D. Gwaltney Jr. House | 1901 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Smithfield | Remained in the Gwaltney family until 2016.[143] | [24] |
more images | Cedar Hall | 1906 (demolished 1976) |
Queen Anne | Vance & Allen[144] | Hampton | Demolished in 1976.[144] | [145][146] |
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Swannaoa | 1912 | Italian Renaissance Revival | Noland & Baskerville | Nelson County | [24] | |
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Branch House | 1916 | Tudor Revival, Jacobean Revival | John Russell Pope with Otto R. Eggers |
Richmond | Offices of the Virginia Society of the American Institute of Architects (VSAIA) and the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design.[147] | [17] |
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Westbourne | 1919 | Georgian Revival | W. Duncan Lee | Richmond | Gardens designed by landscape architect Charles F. Gillette | [148] |
more images | Merrywood | 1919 | Georgian Revival | McLean | Childhood home of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis; Gardens designed by landscape architect Beatrix Farrand[149] | [150] | |
more images | Selma (Leesburg, Virginia) | 1902 | Colonial Revival | Noland and Baskerville | Leesburg | Built by Elijah B. White a wealthy Virginia banker who at the time was the largest exporter of grain in the United States.[151] |
Washington
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Ezra Meeker Mansion | 1887 | Italianate | Farrell & Darmer | Pullayup | Today a museum |
Wisconsin
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Pabst Mansion | 1892 | Flemish Renaissance Revival | George Ferry | Milwaukee | Today a historic house museum | [24] |
Holway Mansion | 1892 | Romanesque and Queen Anne | Hugo Schick and Gustav Stolze | La Crosse | Today, a bed and breakfast[152] | [153] |
See also
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{{cite book}}
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