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Wikipedia list article
List of deaths caused by infectious disease Duration Human history
This article is a list of deaths caused by an infectious disease . Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included.
15th century and earlier
Death toll (estimate)
Location
Date
Event
Disease
Ref.
75,000–100,000
Greece
429–426 BC
Plague of Athens
Unknown, possibly typhus , typhoid fever or viral hemorrhagic fever
[1] [2] [3]
Unknown
Greece (Northern Greece , Roman Republic )
412 BC
412 BC epidemic
Unknown, possibly influenza
[4]
5–10 million
Roman Empire
165–180 (possibly up to 190)
Antonine Plague
Unknown, possibly smallpox
[5]
1 million + (Unknown, but at least)
Europe
250–266
Plague of Cyprian
Unknown, possibly smallpox
[6] [7]
25–100 million; 40–50% of population of Europe
Europe and West Asia
541–542
Plague of Justinian
Plague
[8] [9] [10]
British Isles
664–689
Plague of 664
Plague
[11]
2 million (Approx. 1 ⁄3 of entire Japanese population)
Japan
735–737
735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic
Smallpox
[12] [13]
Byzantine Empire , West Asia , Africa
746–747
Plague of 746–747
Plague
[14]
75–200 million (10–60% of European population)
Europe , Asia and North Africa
1331–1353
Black Death
Plague
[15]
10,000 +
Britain (England ) and later continental Europe
1485–1551
Sweating sickness (multiple outbreaks)
Unknown, possibly an unknown species of hantavirus
[16]
16th and 17th centuries
Death toll (estimate)
Location
Date
Event
Disease
Ref.
5–8 million (40% of population)
Mexico
1520
1520 Smallpox Epidemic
Smallpox
[17]
5–15 million (80% of population)
Mexico
1545–1548
Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548
Possibly Salmonella enterica
[18] [19] [20] [21]
> 20,100 in London
London
1563–1564
1563 London plague
Plague
2–2.5 million (50% of population)
Mexico
1576–1580
Cocoliztli epidemic of 1576
Possibly Salmonella enterica
[18] [19] [20] [21]
Seneca nation
1592–1596
Measles
[22]
3,000
Malta
1592–1593
1592–93 Malta plague epidemic
Plague
[23]
> 19,900 in London and outer parishes
London
1592–1593
1592–93 London plague
Plague
Spain
1596–1602
Plague
[24]
South America
1600–1650
Malaria
[25]
England
1603
Plague
[26]
Egypt
1609
Plague
30–90% of population
Southern New England , especially the Wampanoag people
1616–1620
1616 New England epidemic
Unknown cause. Latest research suggests epidemic(s) of leptospirosis with Weil syndrome . Classic explanations include yellow fever , bubonic plague , influenza , smallpox , chickenpox , typhus , and syndemic infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis D .
[27] [28]
280,000
Italy
1629–1631
Italian plague of 1629–1631
Plague
[29]
15,000-25,000
Wyandot people
1634
Smallpox
[30]
Thirteen Colonies
1633
Massachusetts smallpox epidemic
Smallpox
England
1636
Plague
[31]
China
1641–1644
Plague
[32]
Spain
1647–1652
Great Plague of Seville
Plague
Central America
1648
Yellow fever
[33]
Italy
1656
Naples Plague
Plague
[34]
Thirteen Colonies
1657
Measles
[35]
24,148[36]
Netherlands
1663–1664
Plague
100,000[37]
England
1665–1666
Great Plague of London
Plague
[38]
40,000
France
1668
Plague
[39]
11,300
Malta
1675–1676
1675–76 Malta plague epidemic
Plague
[40]
Spain
1676–1685
Plague
[41]
76,000
Austria
1679
Great Plague of Vienna
Plague
Thirteen Colonies
1687
Measles
[42]
Thirteen Colonies
1690
Yellow fever
18th century
Death toll (estimate)
Location
Date
Event
Disease
Ref.
Canada , New France
1702–1703
Smallpox
[43]
> 18,000 (36% of population)
Iceland
1707–1709
Great Smallpox Epidemic
Smallpox
Denmark , Sweden
1710–1712
Great Northern War plague outbreak
Plague
Thirteen Colonies
1713–1715
Measles
[44]
Canada , New France
1714–1715
Measles
[45]
>100,000
France
1720–1722
Great Plague of Marseille
Plague
[46]
Thirteen Colonies
1721–1722
Smallpox
[47]
Thirteen Colonies
1729
Measles
[48]
Spain
1730
Yellow fever
Thirteen Colonies
1732–1733
Influenza
[49]
Canada , New France
1733
Smallpox
[50]
> 50,000
Balkans
1738
Great Plague of 1738
Plague
Thirteen Colonies
1738
Smallpox
[51]
Thirteen Colonies
1739–1740
Measles
Italy
1743
Plague
[52]
Thirteen Colonies
1747
Measles
North America
1755–1756
Smallpox
North America
1759
Measles
[53]
North America , West Indies
1761
Influenza
North America , present-day Pittsburgh area.
1763
Smallpox
[54]
> 50,000
Russia
1770–1772
Russian plague of 1770–1772
Plague
Pacific Northwest natives
1770s
Smallpox
[55]
North America
1772
Measles
> 2,000,000
Persia
1772
Persian Plague
Plague
[56]
England
1775–1776
Influenza
[57]
Spain
1778
Dengue fever
[58]
Plains Indians
1780–1782
North American smallpox epidemic
Smallpox
[59]
Pueblo Indians
1788
Smallpox
[60]
United States
1788
Measles
New South Wales, Australia
1789–1790
Smallpox
[61]
United States
1793
Influenza and epidemic typhus
United States
1793–1798
Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 , resurgences
Yellow fever
[62]
19th century
Death toll (estimate)
Location
Date
Event
Disease
Ref.
Spain
1800–1803
Yellow fever
[63]
Ottoman Empire , Egypt
1801
Bubonic plague
[64]
United States
1803
Yellow fever
Egypt
1812
Plague
Ottoman Empire
1812–19
1812–19 Ottoman plague epidemic
Plague
[65]
4,500
Malta
1813–1814
1813–14 Malta plague epidemic
Plague
60,000
Romania
1813
Caragea's plague
Plague
Ireland
1816–1819
Typhus
> 100,000
Asia , Europe
1816–1826
First cholera pandemic
Cholera
[66]
United States
1820–1823
Yellow fever
Spain
1821
Yellow fever
[67]
New South Wales , Australia
1828
Smallpox
[68]
Netherlands
1829
Groningen epidemic
Malaria
South Australia
1829
Smallpox
[69]
Iran
1829–1835
Bubonic plague
[70]
> 100,000
Asia , Europe , North America
1829–1851
Second cholera pandemic
Cholera
[66]
Egypt
1831
Cholera
[71] [72]
Plains Indians
1831–1834
Smallpox
England , France
1832
Cholera
North America
1832
Cholera
[73]
United States
1833
Cholera
United States
1834
Cholera
Egypt
1834–1836
Bubonic plague
[71] [72]
United States
1837
Typhus
Great Plains
1837–1838
1837–38 smallpox epidemic
Smallpox
[74]
Dalmatia
1840
Plague
South Africa
1840
Smallpox
United States
1841
Yellow fever
> 20,000
Canada
1847–1848
Typhus epidemic of 1847
Epidemic typhus
[75]
United States
1847
Yellow fever
Worldwide
1847–1848
Influenza
[76]
Egypt
1848
Cholera
[71] [72]
North America
1848–1849
Cholera
United States
1850
Yellow fever
North America
1850–1851
Influenza
United States
1851
Cholera
[77]
United States
1852
Yellow fever
1,000,000
Russia
1852–1860
Third cholera pandemic
Cholera
[66]
Ottoman Empire
1853
Plague
[78]
4,737
Copenhagen , Denmark
1853
Cholera epidemic of Copenhagen 1853
Cholera
[79]
616
England
1854
Broad Street cholera outbreak
Cholera
[80]
United States
1855
Yellow fever
>12 million in India and China
Worldwide
1855–1960
Third plague pandemic
Bubonic plague
[81] [82]
Portugal
1857
Yellow fever
Victoria , Australia
1857
Smallpox
[83]
Europe , North America , South America
1857–1859
Influenza
[84]
> 3,000
Central Coast, British Columbia
1862–1863
Smallpox
[85]
Middle East
1863–1879
Fourth cholera pandemic
Cholera
[66]
Egypt
1865
Cholera
[71] [72]
Russia , Germany
1866–1867
Cholera
Australia
1867
Measles
Iraq
1867
Plague
[86]
Argentina
1852–1871
Yellow fever
[87]
Germany
1870–1871
Smallpox
40,000
Fiji
1875
1875 Fiji Measles outbreak
Measles
[88]
Russian Empire
1877
Plague
[89]
Egypt
1881
Cholera
[71] [72]
> 9,000
India , Germany
1881–1896
Fifth cholera pandemic
Cholera
[66]
3,164
Montreal
1885
Smallpox
timeline
1,000,000
Worldwide
1889–1890
1889–1890 flu pandemic
Influenza
[90]
West Africa
1900
Yellow fever
Late 19th and 20th centuries
Death toll (estimate)
Location
Date
Event
Disease
Ref.
Congo Basin
1896–1906
Trypanosomiasis
[91]
> 800,000
Europe , Asia , Africa
1899–1923
Sixth cholera pandemic
Cholera
[66]
113
San Francisco
1900–1904
Bubonic plague
[92]
Uganda
1900–1920
Trypanosomiasis
[93]
Egypt
1902
Cholera
[71] [72]
22
India
1903
Bubonic Plague
[94]
4
Fremantle
1903
Bubonic plague
[95]
40,000
China
1910–1912
1910 China plague
Bubonic plague
[96]
1,500,000
worldwide
1915–1926
1915 Encephalitis lethargica pandemic
Encephalitis lethargica
[97]
>7,000
United States of America
1916
Poliomyelitis
[98]
17,000,000-100,000,000
worldwide
1918–1920
Spanish flu (pandemic)
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 Spanish Flu Virus
[99] [100] [101]
Russia
1918–1922
Typhus
30
Los Angeles
1924
1924 Los Angeles pneumonic plague outbreak
Pneumonic plague
43
Croydon, UK
1937
Croydon epidemic of typhoid fever
Typhoid fever
[102]
Egypt
1942–1944
Malaria
[71] [72]
China
1946
Bubonic plague
Egypt
1946
Relapsing fever
[71] [72]
1,845
United States of America
1946
Poliomyelitis
[98]
Egypt
1947
Cholera
[71] [72]
2,720
United States of America
1949
Poliomyelitis
[98]
3,145
United States of America
1952
Poliomyelitis
[98]
2,000,000
worldwide
1957–1958
Asian flu
Influenza A virus subtype H2N2
[103]
worldwide
1961–1975
Seventh cholera pandemic
Cholera (El Tor strain)
[66]
500,000,000
worldwide
1877–1977
Smallpox
[104] [105] [106] [107]
1,000,000
worldwide
1968–1969
Hong Kong flu
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2
[103]
5
Netherlands
1971
Poliomyelitis
[108]
35
Yugoslavia
1972
1972 outbreak of smallpox in Yugoslavia
Smallpox
1,027
United States
1972–1973
London flu
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2
[109]
15,000
India
1974
1974 smallpox epidemic of India
Smallpox
[110]
> 32,000,000
worldwide
1920–present
HIV/AIDS pandemic
HIV/AIDS
[111]
South America
1990s
Cholera
52
India
1994
1994 plague epidemic in Surat
Plague
[112]
231
worldwide
1996–2001
vCJD
West Africa
1996
Meningitis
105
Malaysia
1998–1999
1998–99 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak
Nipah virus infection
[113]
Central America
2000
Dengue fever
[114]
21st century
Death toll (estimate)
Location
Date
Event
Disease
Ref.
> 400
Nigeria
2001
Cholera
[115]
South Africa
2001
Cholera
[116]
359
China
2002–2004
2002–2004 SARS outbreak
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
[117]
299
Hong Kong
[118]
37
Taiwan
[119]
44
Canada
[120]
33
Singapore
[121]
Algeria
2003
Plague
[122]
Afghanistan
2004
Leishmaniasis
[123]
Bangladesh
2004
Cholera
[124]
Indonesia
2004
Dengue fever
[125]
Senegal
2004
Cholera
[126]
7
Sudan
2004
Ebola
[127]
Mali
2005
Yellow fever
[128]
27
Singapore
2005
2005 dengue outbreak in Singapore
Dengue fever
[129]
Luanda , Angola
2006
Cholera
[130]
61
Ituri Province , Democratic Republic of the Congo
2006
Plague
[131] [132]
17
India
2006
Malaria
[133]
> 50
India
2006
2006 dengue outbreak in India
Dengue fever
[134]
India
2006
Chikungunya outbreaks
Chikungunya virus
[135]
> 50
Pakistan
2006
2006 dengue outbreak in Pakistan
Dengue fever
[136]
Philippines
2006
Dengue fever
[137]
187
Democratic Republic of the Congo
2007
Mweka ebola epidemic
Ebola
[138]
Ethiopia
2007
Cholera
[139]
49
India
2008
Cholera
[140]
10
Iraq
2007
2007 Iraq cholera outbreak
Cholera
[141]
Nigeria
2007
Poliomyelitis
[142]
Puerto Rico ; Dominican Republic ; Mexico
2007
Dengue fever
[143]
Somalia
2007
Cholera
[144]
37
Uganda
2007
Ebola
[127]
Vietnam
2007
Cholera
[145]
Brazil
2008
Dengue fever
[146]
Cambodia
2008
Dengue fever
[147]
Chad
2008
Cholera
[148]
China
2008–2017
Hand, foot and mouth disease
[149]
Madagascar
2008
Bubonic plague
[150]
Philippines
2008
Dengue fever
[151]
Vietnam
2008
Cholera
[152]
4,293
Zimbabwe
2008–2009
2008–2009 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak
Cholera
[153]
18
Bolivia
2009
2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic
Dengue fever
[154]
49
India
2009
2009 Gujarat hepatitis outbreak
Hepatitis B
[155]
Queensland , Australia
2009
Dengue fever
[156]
Worldwide
2009
Mumps outbreaks in the 2000s
Mumps
931
West Africa
2009–2010
2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak
Meningitis
[157]
18,000+ (deaths confirmed by WHO), 150,000 - 575,000 (estimated deaths from all around the world).
Worldwide
2009-2010
2009 flu pandemic (informally called "swine flu")
Pandemic H1N1/09 virus
[158]
10,075 (May 2017)
Hispaniola
2010–present
Haiti cholera outbreak
Cholera (strain serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa)
[159] [160]
> 4,500 (February 2014)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
2011–present
Measles
[161] [162]
170
Vietnam
2011–present
Hand, foot and mouth disease
[163] [164]
> 350
Pakistan
2011
2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan
Dengue fever
[165]
171 (as of 10 January 2013[update] )
Darfur Sudan
2012
2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan
Yellow fever
[166]
862 (as of 13 January 2020[update] )
Worldwide
2012–present
2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
[167] [168] [169]
142
Vietnam
2013–2014
Measles
[170]
>> 11,300
Worldwide , primarily concentrated in West Africa
2013–2016
Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa
Ebola virus disease Ebola virus virion
[171] [172] [173]
183
Americas
2013–2015
2013–14 chikungunya outbreak
Chikungunya
[174]
40
Madagascar
2014–2017
2014 Madagascar plague outbreak
Bubonic plague
[175]
36
India
2014–2015
2014 Odisha jaundice outbreak
Primarily Hepatitis E , but also Hepatitis A
[176]
2,035
India
2015
2015 Indian swine flu outbreak
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
[177] [178] [179]
~53
Worldwide
2015–2016
2015–16 Zika virus epidemic
Zika virus
[180]
100s (as of 1 April 2016[update] )
Africa
2016
2016 yellow fever outbreak in Angola
Yellow fever
[181]
3,886 (as of 30 November 2019[update] )
Yemen
2016–present
2016–20 Yemen cholera outbreak
Cholera
[182]
64 (as of 16 August 2017[update] )
India
2017
2017 Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis outbreak
Japanese encephalitis
[183]
18 (as of February 2020[update] )
India
2018
2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala
Nipah virus infection
[184]
2,253 (as of 20 February 2020[update] )
Democratic Republic of the Congo & Uganda
August 2018–present
2018–20 Kivu Ebola epidemic
Ebola virus disease
[185] [186]
>5,000 (by November 2019)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
2019–present
2019 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Measles
[187]
83
Samoa
2019–present
2019 Samoa measles outbreak
Measles
[188]
>2,000 (Approx)
Asia-Pacific , Latin America
2019–present
2019-20 dengue fever epidemic
Dengue fever
[189] [190] [191]
27,365 (as of 28 March 2020[update] )
Worldwide
2019–present
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic
Coronavirus disease 2019
[192] [193]
[194]
See also
References
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link )
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