List of oil spills
This article needs to be updated. (July 2016) |
This is a reverse-chronological list of oil spills that have occurred throughout the world and spill(s) that are currently ongoing. Quantities are measured in tonnes of crude oil with one tonne roughly equal to 308 US gallons, 256 Imperial gallons, 7.33 barrels, or 1165 litres. This calculation uses a median value of 0.858 for the specific gravity of light crude oil; actual values can range from 0.816 to 0.893, so the amounts shown below are inexact. They are also estimates, because the actual volume of an oil spill is difficult to measure exactly.
Contents
Confirmed Spills[edit]
Investigation underway[edit]
| Spill / vessel | Location | Dates | Estimated flow rate (tonnes/day) | Full cargo (tonnes) | Spilled (min tonnes) | Spilled (max tonnes) | Link | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lizama River oil spill | 2 March 2018 - | n/a | n/a | 3,690 | unknown | [224] | Lizama 158 oil well spilled into Lizama River, contaminating Sogamoso River, a tributary to Colombia’s largest river, the Magdalena. | |
| Sanchi oil tanker collision with CF Crystal | East China Sea | 6 January 2018 to present | n/a | 138,000 | 138,000 | 138,000 | [225] | Sanchi burned and sank with all hands and cargo. |
| OT Southern Star 7 | 9 December 2014 | n/a | 350 | 300 | 300 | [226][227][228][229] | Leak caused by collision of the oil tanker with a cargo vessel. | |
| Napocor Power Barge 103 |
8 November 2013 | n/a | 1200 | 170 | 520 | [230][231][232][233] | Leaks caused by Typhoon Haiyan. | |
| Taylor Energy wells Platform 23051 |
16 September 2004 to present (14 years) | 0.03–0.05 | n/a | unknown | unknown | [234][235][236][237] | Leaks resulting from Hurricane Ivan have been largely contained, but not entirely. Ocean Saratoga is periodically onsite servicing and attempting to seal the leaks. |
Note: The "flow rate" column applies to leaking wells, pipelines, etc., and is often used to estimate the total amount of oil spilled. The "full cargo" column applies to vessels, vehicles, etc., and represents the maximum amount of oil that could be spilled. The "spilled" columns indicate the total amount of oil that has been released to the environment so far, and should be based on official estimates found in referenced sources whenever possible. When official estimates vary, use the "min tonnes" and "max tonnes" columns to show the range of estimates (minimum and maximum) in metric tonnes (i.e. 1 tonne = 1,000 kg).
Oil spills in the United States[edit]
See also[edit]
- Largest oil spills
- List of pipeline accidents
- List of natural gas and oil production accidents in the United States
References[edit]
- ^ "Less oil spilled in derailment than previously thought". Des Moines Register. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- ^ "Crews cleaning up Keystone Pipeline leak in Marshall County". 16 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Keystone Pipeline leaks 210,000 gallons of oil in South Dakota". 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- ^ Bland, Ben (8 January 2018). "Rescuers battle toxic oil blaze off China coast". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ^ "Gulf Coast Oil Spill May Be Largest Since 2010 BP Disaster". 16 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ "Oil Spill In U.S. Gulf Of Mexico Could Be Biggest Since Deepwater Horizon Disaster". 17 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ "Greek oil spill threatens popular Athens beaches". BBC. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
- ^ Brown, Nicole (11 May 2017). "East River oil spill: Thousands of gallons seeped into water, Coast Guard estimates". amNewYork. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ Egan, Matt (10 May 2017). "Dakota Access Pipeline suffered a minor oil spill in April". CNN. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Chennai oil spill: As it happened - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
- ^ "Clean-up operations on at beaches across Chennai". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
- ^ "Report pegs Ennore oil spill at 251 tonnes". The Hindu. Madras. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ^ DiChristopher, Tom (12 December 2016). "Pipeline spills 176,000 gallons of crude into creek about 150 miles from Dakota Access protest camp". CNBC. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "Alberta pipeline spilled about 250K litres of oil and water: Trilogy". Global News. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ^ Vaughan, Adam (4 October 2016). "BP platform leaks 95 tonnes of oil into North Sea". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "EPA says it is 'not known' how long Alabama pipeline leaked gas prior to discovery of break". 24 September 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ^ Trimble, Ken (22 July 2016). "North Battleford shuts down water intake due to oil slick". The Canadian Press. North Battleford. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
- ^ "Pipeline leak fouls creek near grizzly bear protection area in northwestern Alberta". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 14 June 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ^ Mesh, Aaron (6 June 2016). "Oil Train Spilled 42,000 Gallons of Crude in Columbia River Gorge Crash". Willamette Week. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "Oil Field Environmental Incident Summary" (PDF). North Dakota Department of Health. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ^ "Shell Oil Spill Dumps Thousands Of Barrels Of Crude Into Gulf Of Mexico". Huffington Post. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ^ "Keystone Pipeline leaks 210,000 gallons of oil in South Dakota". 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- ^ "California oil spill sparks state of emergency". BBC News. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ^ Johnson, Lisa; Luk, Vivian (13 April 2015). "Vancouver oil spill: Coast guard fires back at criticism of response". CBC News. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ^ "Freight train carrying crude oil derails near Illinois city". MSN News. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ^ Calamur, Krishnadev (20 January 2015). "Traces Of Oil Found In Montana Town's Water Supply After Spill". The Two-Way. NPR. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ "Cleanup after "unfortunate incident" in Yellowstone". CBSNews. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ Nazarov, Maxim; Gorodyankin, Gleb (24 December 2014). "Oil spills into Black Sea near Russian port after pipeline leak." Reuters. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
- ^ Benson, Thor (6 December 2014). "Oil spill one of the worst environmental events in Israel's history, official says". UPI. UPI. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- ^ Andrew Maykuth (22 October 2014). "2,550 barrels of crude recovered from oil spill". Philly.com. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Eyder Peralta (25 March 2014). "BP Says Oil Spill In Lake Michigan Has Been Contained". NPR. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ Angie Jackson (25 March 2014). "Report: Oil spills into Lake Michigan after malfunction at BP refinery in Indiana". Mlive. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ Angie Jackson (27 March 2014). "Lake Michigan oil spill estimate doubles in size, possibly up to 1,600 gallons, BP reports". Mlive. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ Kuo, Vivian (25 March 2014). "Dead, oiled birds sighted 3 days into Texas oil spill cleanup". CNN. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ John Bacon (24 March 2014). "Cleanup of Texas oil spill blocks ships". USA Today. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Hiland Crude Pipeline Spills Oil Near Alexander, ND". Huffington. 23 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ^ "400,000 gallons of crude oil spilled in North Dakota train crash". LA Times. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Maximum penalty for Bullenbaai oil spill is 5000 guilders". Curacao Chronicle. Willemstad: Core Communications. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ Selam Gebrekidan, Reuters (11 October 2013). "Corrosion may have led to North Dakota pipeline leak, regulators say". NBC News. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
- ^ James MacPherson, Associated Press (11 October 2013). "ND Farmer Finds Oil Spill While Harvesting Wheat". ABC News. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
- ^ "Oil spill threatens Rayong beaches". www.bangkokpost.com. Bangkok Post. 28 July 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ Post Publishing PCL. "No slick explanation for huge PTT oil spill". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "Lac-Mégantic: What we know and what we don't". www.montrealgazette.com. The Gazette. 9 August 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
- ^ "Enbridge spill at Cushing terminal mostly contained". 21 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Enbridge: Pipelines Operating Normally Following Cushing Spill". 20 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Exxon Oil Spill Could Be 40% Larger Than Company Estimates, EPA Figures Show". InsideClimate News. USA. 5 April 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
- ^ "Refiner Delek Cleaning Up 5,000-Barrel Spill in Arkansas Bayou". 13 March 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Cause of Mayflower Exxon-Mobil Oil Spill Still a Mystery". 27 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Isla denies blame for recent oil spill Bullenbaai". Curacao Chronicle. Willemstad: Core Communications. 12 November 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "336K Gallons of Diesel Fuel Leak in Arthur Kill". NBC. USA. 6 November 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
- ^ "Arthur Kill Oil Spill: Hurricane Sandy's Surge Dumps Diesel Into New Jersey Waterway". Huffington Post. USA. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ^ http://laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=566715&CategoryId=10718
- ^ "Largest Environmental Disaster in Curacao History". 30 August 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "Alberta Oil Spill: Up To 3,000 Barrels Spill Near Red Deer River Reports Plains Midstream Canada". Huffington Post. Canada. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
- ^ Stabroek editor (12 February 2012). "Venezuela says Guarapiche oil spill under control". Stabroek News. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "PDVSA Oil Spill Exposes Fissures in Chavez's Socialist Party". 13 March 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Vidal, John (22 December 2011). "Nigeria on alert as Shell announces worst oil spill in a decade". The Guardian. London: Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ^ "Oil leaks from cargo ship beached on French coast". 16 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Chevron Oil Spill Spurs Lawsuit to Freeze 17% of Brazil's Rigs". Bloomberg. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Brazil police to prove Chevron drilling, spill". Reuters. Reuters. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- ^ "Rena Owners Charged in New Zealand Grounding, Aft Section Sinks". Environment News Service. 9 April 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ Matt Bowen (9 January 2013). "Shipwreck, damaged reputations and a broke DOC". Waikato Times. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ "Shell North Sea oil spill 'more than 200 tonnes'". BBC. The Crown. 15 August 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ "Ruptured pipeline sends oil coursing down the Yellowstone River". Billings Gazette. Lee Enterprises. 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^ Frederic J. Brown. "China Oil Spill Six Times Size of Singapore: Govt".
- ^ Andrew Jacobs (5 July 2011). "China Admits Extent of Spill From Oil Rig". The New York Times.
- ^ "Alberta pipeline spill: Rainbow Pipeline spill near Peace River". Calgary Herald. Lee Enterprises. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Vanderklippe, N. (4 May 2011). "Cost for oil companies pile up after spill." The Globe and Mail.
- ^ Redazione Tiscali (19 January 2011). "Nuovo disastro ambientale nel polo industriale di Porto Torres, in pericolo il "Santuario dei Cetacei"". Tiscali (in Italian). Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ Correspondent, NDTV (9 August 2010). "Oil leak off Mumbai coast has stopped: Coast Guard sources". NDTV. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
- ^ J Dey (8 August 2010). "Ships collide near Mumbai". Mid-Day. MiD DAY Infomedia Ltd.
- ^ Sukhada Tatke (15 January 2011). "Oil spill damage to soil irreversible: Report". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
- ^ The Associated Press (27 July 2010). "Louisiana Oil Geyser: 20-Foot Oil Leak Shooting Up In Plaquemines Parish After Hit By Tugboat". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ Rong-Gong Lin II (27 July 2010). "Gulf oil spill: New spill in Gulf area after barge crashes into abandoned oil well". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^ "Crews work to shut-in damaged wellhead". United States Coast Guard. 1 August 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
- ^ CNN wire staff (2 August 2010). "Leaking Barataria Bay oil well capped". CNN. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
- ^ Jaclyn Gallucci (28 July 2010). "Michigan Oil Spill Update: Oil in Kalamazoo River". The Long Island Press. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^ Sarah Lambert (30 July 2010). "Air quality spurs evacuations in oil spill area". The Battle Creek Enquirer. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ The Associated Press (21 July 2010). "China Oil Spill Grows, Official Warns Of 'Severe Threat'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
- ^ The Associated Press (30 July 2010). "China Oil Spill Far Bigger Than Stated, U.S. Expert Says". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
- ^ Karin Kloosterman (24 June 2010). "Egypt Eco-Group HEPCA Reports Red Sea Spill is Capped, Beaches Cleaned". Green Prophet.
- ^ Amy Joi O'Donoghue; Josh Smith (12 June 2010). "Oil spill in Red Butte Creek threatens waters, wildlife". The Deseret News. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ Derek P. Jensen (17 June 2010). "Chevron: We won't be difficult on oil-spill cleanup costs". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
- ^ AP News/Huffington Post; (26 May 2010). "Alaska Oil Spill: Trans-Alaska Pipeline Shuts Down 800 Mile Area In North Slope". AP/Huffington Post. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ^ "Oil leaks from tanker collision off Singapore". BBC News. 25 May 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ "Oil spill threatens Singapore coast". ABC News. 25 May 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ "Singapore closes popular beaches after oil spill hits coast". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ Dulue Mbachu (6 June 2010). "Exxon Nigerian Unit Oil Spill Caused by Corrosion". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ^ Joe Brock (18 May 2010). "Africa's oil spills are far from U.S. media glare". Reuters. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
100,000 bpd of oil had leaked for a week from a pipeline that has since been mended
- ^ Vidal, John (30 May 2010). "Nigeria's agony dwarfs the Gulf oil spill. The US and Europe ignore it". The Observer. London. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ U.S. Coast Guard; U.S. Geological Survey (2 August 2010). "Deepwater Horizon MC252 Gulf Incident Oil Budget" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ^ "Coal carrier Shen Neng 1 oil spill dispersed, says Queensland Government". The Herald and Weekly Times. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ "Battle to stabilise ship aground near Barrier Reef". BBC News. 5 April 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ "Chinese coal ship runs aground, leaks oil". United Press International. 5 April 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ Corriere della Sera. 24 February 2010 http://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/10_febbraio_23/lambro-petrolio-raffineria-inquinamento-monza-1602522108603.shtml. Retrieved 9 August 2016. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ^ Gonzalez, Angel (24 January 2010). "Collision Causes Crude Oil Spill in Texas". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
- ^ Mu Xeuquan (5 January 2010). "Diesel spill contaminates Yellow River tributaries". Xinhua News. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ "WA oil spill 'one of Australia's worst'". ABC News. 24 August 2009. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "Oil leaking 'five times faster' than thought". ABC News. 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "Reuters". 3 August 2009.
- ^ "The Namibian". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07.
- ^ "Oil spill: Qld beaches declared disaster zones". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 March 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ^ Siggins, Lorna (18 February 2009). "Oil slick drifts towards Irish coast as polluter silence hurts clean-up efforts". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
- ^ Kirkham, Chris; Ramon Antonio Vargas (24 July 2008). "Oil spill shuts down 80 miles of river". New Orleans Times-Picayune. pp. A1.
- ^ "The Land is Dead". Süddeutsche Zeitung. 8 Jan 2014.
- ^ Oil Spill in North Sea Off Norway http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7140645.stm
- ^ "Tanker oil spill off S Korea coast". Al Jazeera English. 8 December 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "S Korea declares slick 'disaster'". BBC News. 9 December 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "Fuel spill disaster reported in waters near Russia". CNN International. 11 November 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ Curiel, Jonathan; Kay, Jane; Fagan, Kevin (9 November 2007). "Spill closes bay beaches as oil spreads, kills wildlife". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "Usumacinta and Kab 101 Blowout". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ The Associated Press (March 22, 2016). "US, Puerto Rico Reaches $2.7M Settlement in Oil Spill". Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ^ "Burnaby Oil Spill". Ministry of Environment (British Columbia). Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Oil spills – Philippines, Indian Ocean and Lebanon". Greenpeace. 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "CITGO Oil Spill" (PDF). Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. 25 July 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ Loy, Wesley (10 March 2006). "Spill the largest in Slope's history". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Miguel Llanos (19 September 2005). "44 oil spills found in southeast Louisiana". MSNBC.
- ^ Response and Prevention Branch Oil Team (May 2006). "Murphy Oil USA Refinery Spill, Chalmette & Meraux, LA Presentation" (.PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Oil Spill History". The Mariner Group. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
- ^ University of Delaware Sea Grant Program. "Athos 1 Oil Spill". Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ a b c Research Planning, Inc. (2005). Preassessment Data Report, The MP-69 / Hurricane Ivan Oil Discharges, Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana (pp. 10, 18) (PDF) (Report). Damage Assessment Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
- ^ ITOPF. "ITOPF Case History: Tasman Spirit". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ Hans van de Veen (2004). "Saving Pakistan's Green Gold" (.PDF). DGIS-ICD Programme, WWF International: 19. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
- ^ Sarah Josephine Harrison (2017). "Lessons from the Taylor Energy oil spill: history, seasonality, and nutrient limitation". Thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia.
- ^ Darryl Fears (October 21, 2018). "A 14-year-long oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico verges on becoming one of the worst in U.S. history". The Washington Post.
- ^ Greenpeace (February 23, 2016). "The Biggest Oil Leak You've Never Heard Of, Still Leaking After 12 Years". EcoWatch.
- ^ Tim Donaghy (February 19, 2016). "This Oil Leak Could Last for 100 Years — and the Company Involved Refuses to Fix It". Greenpeace.
- ^ "Buzzards Bay Oil Spill: Bouchard Barge No. 120". Buzzards Bay National Estuary Program. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Major Oil Spills". International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
- ^ Raul Garcia (November 2003). ": The Prestige: one year on, a continuing disaster" (.PDF). WWF-Spain. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
- ^ Wout Broekema (April 2015). "Crisis-induced learning and issue politicization in the EU". Public Administration. doi:10.1111/padm.12170.
- ^ "A Synopsis of the Terrorist Threat Facing the O&G Industry". Oil and Gas Industry Terrorism Monitor. Archived from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
- ^ "International Terrorism: The Threat". United Kingdom Home Office. Archived from the original on 2008-09-04. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
- ^ a b Oil spills at Guanabara Bay
- ^ "Trans-Alaska Pipeline Shot By A Drunk". Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "The Land is Dead". Urhobo Historical Society. 30 July 2001.
- ^ "Alarm at oil spill in Ogoniland". BBC News. 2 May 2001.
- ^ "Petrobras P-36". Oil Rig Disasters. 14 April 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
- ^ Cabinet frees Greek crew at the Taipei Times
- ^ a b c d e "Major Oil Spills". Retrieved 2 November 2008.
- ^ Oil Spills at thinkquest.org
- ^ "Pine River Oil Spill". Ministry of Environment (British Columbia). Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
- ^ LaBelle, Robert. "Technology Assessment and Research". Minerals Management Service. Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
- ^ Julian, Michael (14 April 2000). "Response to the oil spill at Port Stanvac on 28 June 1999 – Report of the Incident Analysis Team – April 2000" (PDF). AMSA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
- ^ "Environmental Global Issues Map: New Carissa Oil Spill on the Oregon Coast". McGraw-Hill. March 1999. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
- ^ "Nakhodka". Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ How do oil spills impact Casco Bay? report by the Casco Bay Estuary Partnership
- ^ Rhode Island Oil Spill Is More Serious Than Initially Thought, New York Times, 22 January 1996
- ^ "Iron Baron, Hebe Reef, Tasmania, 10 July 1995 – Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA)". www.amsa.gov.au. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^ "Fact Sheet: Morris J. Berman Oil Spill". Retrieved 5 January 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Oily absolutions" The Canberra Times, Australian Capital Territory (1992-12-16). Retrieved 2013-11-20.
- ^ "Major Oil Spills – Kirki". 2012-03-20. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^ Hosny Khordagui; Dhari Al-Ajmi (July 1993), "Environmental impact of the Gulf War: An integrated preliminary assessment", Environmental Management, Springer New York, 17 (4), pp. 557–562, doi:10.1007/BF02394670, ISSN 0364-152X
- ^ "ENVIRONMENTAL WARFARE: 1991 PERSIAN GULF WAR". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "M/V Mega Borg". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
- ^ American Trader Oil Spill Archived 27 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine., California Office of Spill Prevention and Response
- ^ Dvarskas, Anthony (Autumn 2008). "Restoring Injured Natural Resources in the Harbor" (PDF). The Tidal Exchange. New York – New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program (22): 3. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ^ Desvousges, William H.; Dunford, Richard W.; Mathews, Kristy E. (1992). "Natural Resource Damages Valuation: Arthur Kill Oil Spill" (PDF). Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Workshop, Snowbird, Utah. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ^ "Presidente Rivera Spill – June 24, 1989". University of Delaware Sea Grant Program. 2004. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ "Tanker Strikes Reef Off Newport, Spilling Oil in Narragansett Bay". The New York Times. 24 June 1989. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ "Captain and owners plead guilty to World Prodigy oil spill". UPI. 16 August 1989. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ Riki Ott (18 June 2010). "How Much Oil Really Spilled From the Exxon Valdez?". On The Media (audio/transcript). Interviewed by Brooke Gladstone. National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ Oil Spills Archived 19 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. report from the Air and Waste Management Association
- ^ Nightmare on The Monongahela, Time Magazine, 18 January 1988
- ^ California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Apex Houston https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/OSPR/NRDA/Apex-Houston
- ^ https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/OSPR/NRDA/Apex-Houston
- ^ University of Delaware Sea Grant Program. "1985 Grand Eagle Oil Spill". Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Screening Level Risk Assessment Package, Puerto Rican https://nmssanctuaries.blob.core.windows.net/sanctuaries-prod/media/archive/protect/ppw/pdfs/puerto_rican.pdf March 2013
- ^ Colten C. E.; Hay J.; Giancarlo A. (2012). "Community resilience and oil spills in coastal Louisiana". Ecology and Society. 17 (3): 5. doi:10.5751/ES-05047-170305.
- ^ "Oil spills and near-misses in Northwest waters". Seattle Post Intelligencer. Hearst Seattle Media, LLC. 21 November 2002. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
- ^ Douglas Helton; Tony Penn (1999). "Putting Response And Natural Resource Damage Costs In Perspective" (PDF). International Oil Spill Conference: 21. Paper ID #114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
- ^ "Oil Spills and Disasters". Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "Oil Spills Fast Facts". Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ ITOPF. "ITOPF: TANIO (France, 1980)". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "Burmah Agate". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "Atlantic Empress". Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
- ^ "Tanker Incidents". Archived from the original on 23 June 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
- ^ "IXTOC I". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
- ^ "Ixtoc 1 oil spill: flaking of surface mousse in the Gulf of Mexico". Nature. Nature Publishing Group. 290: 235–238. doi:10.1038/290235a0. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
- ^ "Betelgeuse". Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
- ^ "Ship Firm Ordered to Pay Pueto Rico $6 Million". NOAA. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ^ "Amoco Cadiz". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 27 October 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "AMOCO CADIZ (France, 1978)". International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
- ^ "The Trans-Alaska Pipeline". The Lay of the Land. The Center for Land Use Interpretation. 32. Spring 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^ "Amoco Cadiz". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Ekofisk Bravo". Oil Rig Disasters. 14 April 2008. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
- ^ Fingas, Merv (2000). The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers. ISBN 1-56670-537-1.
- ^ ITOPF. "ITOPF: Argo Merchant (USA, 1976)". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "Argo Merchant". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 4 August 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "Albert T. McKINNEY v. US – 30 April 1979= 2009-07-01" (PDF).
- ^ "Save The River Report= 2009-07-01" (PDF).
- ^ "Shell And The N15bn Oil Spill Judgement Debt". The Daily Independent (Lagos). 19 July 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
between 1976 and 1996, a total of 4,835 incidents resulted in the spillage of at least 2.4 million barrels of oil, of which an estimated 1.89 million barrels were lost to the environment in the Niger Delta
- ^ "OIL TANKER, ABLAZE, SINKING OFF SAN JUAN". May 14, 1975. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ^ "JANUARY 1975 OIL SPILL IN BANTRY BAY". Public Library of US Diplomacy. Wikileaks. 1975-01-27. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
- ^ "Supertanker Afran Zodiac spills oil off Ireland, chemical dispersant use (1975) - on Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ ITOPF. "ITOPF: METULA (Chile, 1974)". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ a b c Beer, Tom (2013). Environmental Oceanography: An Introduction to the Behaviour of Coastal Waters. Elsevier. p. 162. ISBN 9781483279671.
- ^ Jane Baird (August 19, 1978). "Ship Firm Ordered to Pay Pueto Rico $6 Million". Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ^ Jack Devanney (2010-04-21). "The Strange History of Tank Inerting" (PDF). Center for Tankship Excellence.
- ^ "NY oil slick to be countered with chemicals". The Bridgeport Post. Bridgeport, Connecticut. Associated Press. 18 July 1971. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ William Fulton (22 July 1971). "Coney Island Oil Spill Spurs Action". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ "Black tides: the worst oil spills in history". Google Earth files. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ^ a b "After 30 years, tankers safer but spills still a threat". The Associated Press. 19 January 2001. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
- ^ Wood, Roger Holmes (2006). When Tankers Collide, a Preview. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4259-5598-4. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
- ^ "Huge oil spill in San Francisco Bay - tanker collision under Golden Gate bridge, California (1971) - on Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ "Case Study Example for Oil Spill Movement and Fate – Notable oil spills". University of Alabama – College of Engineering. 2002-10-23. Retrieved 2015-01-15.
- ^ "On the rocks – Find a wreck – Arrow 1970". Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. Retrieved 2015-01-15.
- ^ Brief Oil and Gas History of Santa Barbara County Archived 18 April 2011 at WebCite from the County of Santa Barbara, California
- ^ "Chemical Applied – Oil Spillage in Port Is Contained by Boom". The Corpus Christi Caller-Times. 25 April 1968. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ Pedro A. Gelabert. "Puerto Rico's Oil Spill Relationship with Environmental Law" (PDF). Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ^ "The African Queen Shipwreck". ShipwreckExpo. 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ Howard (Delmar, Delaware) (30 December 2007). "African Queen". Delmar DustPan. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
- ^ a b Phuong Le (10 August 1999). "Beach town forced to scrape away oil leak – and a chunk of its past". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Hearst Seattle Media, LLC.
- ^ "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Sanctuaries Program" (31 July 2017). "The Shipwreck Jacob Luckenbach". Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ^ Russell Berman (18 November 2005). "Greenpoint, Maspeth Residents Lobby To Get 55-Year-Old Oil Spill Cleaned Up". The New York Sun. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ "14 Brunei oil wells ablaze". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 1945-06-30. Retrieved 2015-01-21.
- ^ "Japs fire west Borneo's rich Seria oil field". Del Rio News Herald. 1945-06-13. Retrieved 2015-03-12.
- ^ "Last oil field fire out". Victor Harbour Times. Victor Harbor, South Australia, Australia. 1945-10-19. Retrieved 2015-03-12.
- ^ https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-news/more-water-pollution-in-the-west-of-the-island/
- ^ Harry R. Carter (2003). "Oil and California's Seabirds: An Overview" (.PDF). Marine Ornithology. 31: 2. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ Rintoul, William; Hodgson, Susan F. (1990). Drilling Through Time: 75 Years with California's Division of Oil and Gas. Sacramento: Department of Conservation, Division of Oil and Gas. pp. 13–15. ISBN 0-9627124-0-X.
- ^ Larn, Richard (1992). Shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly. Nairn: Thomas & Lochar.
- ^ "Colombian Oil Spill Kills 2,400 Animals, 70 Families Treated". teleSUR. Caracas. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ Bland, Ben (8 January 2018). "Rescuers battle toxic oil blaze off China coast". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ^ "Fears for rare wildlife as oil 'catastrophe' strikes Bangladesh". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
- ^ "India on alert after oil spill in Sundarbans". Reuters. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ "Bangladesh begins oil clean-up after spill". Aljazeera.
- ^ "TK 100 cr. loss feared from Sundarban oil spill". The Daily Ittefaq. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ "DOH: Air pollution in Iloilo oil spill site at critical level". Rappler. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "Napocor president assures Iloilo oil spill cleanup to abide by DOH recommendations". InterAksyon.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "Group urges Iloilo fishermen to sue Napocor for oil leak". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/11/28/13/benzene-iloilo-oil-spill-reaches-alarming-level
- ^ David Wethe & Edward Klump (9 June 2010). "Taylor Gulf Wells Leaks for Years; Diamond Drills Relief Wells". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
- ^ Paul Rioux (8 June 2010). "Second Gulf oil spill releasing small amounts, federal officials say". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
- ^ John Amos (22 March 2011). "Questions Remain About Last Weekend's Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill". Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc. SkyTruth. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ^ David Hammer (16 November 2016). "Oil and Water: 11,700 Gulf oil spills since BP raise new fears". WWLTV. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oil spills. |
| Wikinews has related news: |