2001 Tour de France
 |
|||
| Route of the 2001 Tour de France | |||
| Race details | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dates | 7 – 29 July 2001 | ||
| Stages | 20+Prologue | ||
| Distance | 3,455.2 km (2,147 mi) | ||
| Winning time | 86h 17' 28"[1] (40.016 km/h or 24.865 mph) | ||
| Palmares | |||
| Winner | none | ||
| Second |  Jan Ullrich (Germany) |
(Team Telekom) | |
| Third |  Joseba Beloki (Spain) |
(ONCE-Eroski) | |
|
|
|||
 |
Points | Erik Zabel (Germany) |
(Team Telekom) |
 |
Mountains |  Laurent Jalabert (France) |
(CSC-Tiscali) |
 |
Youth | Óscar Sevilla (Spain) |
(Kelme-Costa Blanca) |
| Team | Kelme-Costa Blanca | ||
|
← 2000
2002 →
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The 2001 Tour de France was particularly difficult, having contained a 67-km long team time trial, two individual time trials and five mountain-top finishes on consecutive days, the second of which being the Chamrousse special category climb time trial. Thus, all the high-mountain stages were grouped one after the other, with one rest day in between, following the climbing time trial. France was ridden 'clockwise', and thus the Alps were visited before the Pyrenees. The Tour started in France, but in the first week Belgium was visited as well. The traditional finish was on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.
It has no overall winner after American cyclist Lance Armstrong was disqualified. In August 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Agency announced that they had disqualified Armstrong from all his results since 1998, including his victory in the 2001 Tour de France; the Union Cycliste Internationale has confirmed this verdict.
Erik Zabel won his record sixth consecutive points classification victory.
Contents |
Participants[edit]
After the Tour organisation felt that the 2000 Tour de France included not enough French teams, they changed the selection procedure as follows.[2]
- US Postal was selected because it included the winner of the previous edition (Lance Armstrong).
- Team Telekom was selected because it included the winner of the 2000 UCI Road World Cup (Erik Zabel).
- Mapei-Quick Step was selected because it won the team classifications in the 2000 Giro d'Italia
- Kelme-Costa Blanca was selected because it won the team classifications in both the 2000 Tour de France and 2000 Vuelta a España.
- This was extended to 16 teams based on the UCI ranking in the highest UCI division at the end of 2001, after compensating for transfers. The teams selected in this way were:[2]
- Although initially it was announced that four wildcards would be given, the tour organisation decided to add five teams:[2]
In total, 21 teams participated, each with 9 cyclists, for a total of 189 cyclists.[3]
Stages[edit]
| Stage | Date | Route | Terrain | Length | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 7 July | Dunkerque |  Individual time trial |
8.2 km (5.1 mi) | Christophe Moreau (FRA) |
| 1 | 8 July | Saint-Omer – Boulogne-sur-Mer |  Plain stage |
194.5 km (120.9 mi) | Erik Zabel (GER) |
| 2 | 9 July | Calais – Anvers | Plain stage |
220.5 km (137.0 mi) |  Marc Wauters (BEL) |
| 3 | 10 July | Anvers – Seraing | Plain stage |
198.5 km (123.3 mi) | Erik Zabel (GER) |
| 4 | 11 July | Huy – Verdun | Plain stage |
215.0 km (133.6 mi) | Laurent Jalabert (FRA) |
| 5 | 12 July | Verdun – Bar-le-Duc | Team time trial |
67.0 km (41.6 mi) | Crédit Agricole (FRA) |
| 6 | 13 July | Commercy – Strasbourg | Plain stage |
211.5 km (131.4 mi) |  Jaan Kirsipuu (EST) |
| 7 | 14 July | Strasbourg – Colmar |  Hilly stage |
162.5 km (101.0 mi) | Laurent Jalabert (FRA) |
| 8 | 15 July | Colmar – Pontarlier | Plain stage |
222.5 km (138.3 mi) |  Erik Dekker (NED) |
| 9 | 16 July | Pontarlier – Aix-les-Bains | Plain stage |
185.0 km (115.0 mi) |  Serguei Ivanov (RUS) |
| 10 | 17 July | Aix-les-Bains – Alpe d'Huez |  Stage with mountain(s) |
209.0 km (129.9 mi) |  |
| 11 | 18 July | Grenoble – Chamrousse | Individual time trial |
32.0 km (19.9 mi) | |
| 12 | 20 July | Perpignan – Plateau de Bonascre | Stage with mountain(s) |
166.5 km (103.5 mi) |  Félix Cárdenas (COL) |
| 13 | 21 July | Foix – Pla d'Adet | Stage with mountain(s) |
194.0 km (120.5 mi) | |
| 14 | 22 July | Tarbes – Luz Ardiden | Stage with mountain(s) |
141.5 km (87.9 mi) | Roberto Laiseka (ESP) |
| 15 | 24 July | Pau – Lavaur | Plain stage |
232.5 km (144.5 mi) | Rik Verbrugghe (BEL) |
| 16 | 25 July | Castelsarrasin – Sarran | Plain stage |
229.5 km (142.6 mi) | Jens Voigt (GER) |
| 17 | 26 July | Brive-la-Gaillarde – Montluçon | Plain stage |
194.0 km (120.5 mi) | Serge Baguet (BEL) |
| 18 | 27 July | Montluçon – Saint-Amand-Montrond | Individual time trial |
61.0 km (37.9 mi) | |
| 19 | 28 July | Orléans – Évry | Plain stage |
149.5 km (92.9 mi) | Erik Zabel (GER) |
| 20 | 29 July | Corbeil-Essonnes – Paris (Champs-Élysées) | Plain stage |
160.5 km (99.7 mi) |  Ján Svorada (CZE) |
Classification leadership[edit]
- Jersey wearers when one rider is leading two or more competitions
- In stage 1, Igor González de Galdeano wore the green jersey.
- In stages 8 and 9, Erik Zabel wore the green jersey.
Results[edit]
There were several classifications in the 2001 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[5]
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[5]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[5]
The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was marked by the white jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[5]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification wore yellow caps.[6]
For the combativity classification, a jury gave points after each stage to the cyclists they considered most combative. The cyclist with the most votes in all stages lead the classification.
General classification[edit]
On 24 August 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Agency announced that they had disqualified Armstrong from all his results since 1998, including his victory in the 2001 Tour de France. The Union Cycliste Internationale, responsible for the international cycling, upheld the verdict on October 22, 2012. Organizers of the Tour de France announced that the winner's slot would remain empty in the record books.
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| DSQ | Lance Armstrong (USA) |
||
| 2 | Jan Ullrich (GER) |
Telekom | +6' 44" |
| 3 | Joseba Beloki (ESP) |
ONCE | +9' 05" |
| 4 |  Andrei Kivilev (KAZ) |
Cofidis | +9' 53" |
| 5 | Igor González (ESP) |
ONCE | +13' 28" |
| 6 | François Simon (FRA) |
Bonjour | +17' 22" |
| 7 | Óscar Sevilla (ESP) |
Kelme | +18' 30" |
| 8 | Santiago Botero (COL) |
Kelme | +20' 55" |
| 9 | Marcos Antonio Serrano (ESP) |
ONCE | +21' 45" |
| 10 | Michael Boogerd (NED) |
Rabobank | +22' 38" |
| Final general classification (11–144) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
| 11 | Didier Rous (FRA) |
Bonjour | +24' 22" |
| 12 | Iñigo Chaurreau (ESP) |
Euskaltel | +28' 09" |
| 13 | Francisco Mancebo (ESP) |
iBanesto.com | +28' 33" |
| 14 |  Stefano Garzelli (ITA) |
Mapei | +29' 00" |
| 15 | Roberto Heras (ESP) |
US Postal Service | +30' 44" |
| 16 | Alexandre Vinokourov (KAZ) |
Telekom | +33' 55" |
| 17 | Alexandre Botcharov (RUS) |
Ag2r | +41' 15" |
| 18 | Bobby Julich (USA) |
Crédit Agricole | +48' 04" |
| 19 | Laurent Jalabert (FRA) |
Team CSC | +50' 06" |
| 20 | Carlos Sastre (ESP) |
ONCE | +50' 20" |
| 21 |  Tomasz Brożyna (POL) |
iBanesto.com | +53' 35" |
| 22 | Axel Merckx (BEL) |
Domo-Farm Frites | +55' 29" |
| 23 | Laurent Brochard (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +56' 01" |
| 24 | Wladimir Belli (ITA) |
Fassa Bortolo | +57' 29" |
| 25 | José Enrique Gutiérrez (ESP) |
Kelme | +59' 17" |
| 26 | Andreas Klöden (GER) |
Telekom | +59' 53" |
| 27 | Mario Aerts (BEL) |
Lotto | +1h 00' 06" |
| 28 | Roberto Laiseka (ESP) |
Euskaltel | +1h 02' 15" |
| 29 | Jörg Jaksche (GER) |
ONCE | +1h 06' 02" |
| 30 | Daniel Atienza (ESP) |
Cofidis | +1h 07' 10" |
| 31 | Stéphane Goubert (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +1h 08' 40" |
| 32 | Luis Perez (ESP) |
Festina | +1h 11' 07" |
| 33 | Michele Bartoli (ITA) |
Mapei | +1h 13' 05" |
| 34 | David Etxebarria (ESP) |
Euskaltel | +1h 15' 57" |
| 35 | Benoit Salmon (FRA) |
Ag2r | +1h 17' 07" |
| 36 | Stive Vermaut (BEL) |
Lotto | +1h 20' 13" |
| 37 | Felix Manuel Garcia (ESP) |
Festina | +1h 20' 33" |
| 38 | José-Luis Rubiera (ESP) |
US Postal Service | +1h 21' 48" |
| 39 | Giuseppe Guerini (ITA) |
Telekom | +1h 22' 01" |
| 40 | Stéphane Heulot (FRA) |
Big Mat-Auber | +1h 22' 02" |
| 41 | Javier Pascual (ESP) |
iBanesto.com | +1h 22' 37" |
| 42 | Walter Bénéteau (FRA) |
Bonjour | +1h 24' 28" |
| 43 | Kevin Livingston (USA) |
Telekom | +1h 24' 31" |
| 44 |  Leonardo Piepoli (SUI) |
iBanesto.com | +1h 26' 21" |
| 45 | Guido Trentin (ITA) |
Cofidis | +1h 29' 40" |
| 46 | Jens Voigt (GER) |
Crédit Agricole | +1h 30' 02" |
| 47 | Denis Menchov (RUS) |
iBanesto.com | +1h 31' 50" |
| 48 | David Moncoutié (FRA) |
Cofidis | +1h 32' 09" |
| 49 |  Nicki Sørensen (DEN) |
Team CSC | +1h 33' 14" |
| 50 | Laurent Roux (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +1h 33' 26" |
| 51 | Udo Bölts (GER) |
Telekom | +1h 34' 10" |
| 52 | Marco Pinotti (ITA) |
Lampre | +1h 34' 29" |
| 53 | Gilles Bouvard (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +1h 35' 35" |
| 54 |  Stuart O'Grady (AUS) |
Crédit Agricole | +1h 36' 20" |
| 55 | Patrice Halgand (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +1h 38' 38" |
| 56 | Jean-Cyril Robin (FRA) |
Bonjour | +1h 39' 33" |
| 57 | Daniele Nardello (ITA) |
Mapei | +1h 41' 49" |
| 58 | Javier Pascual (ESP) |
Kelme | +1h 44' 40" |
| 59 | Guennadi Mikhailov (RUS) |
Lotto | +1h 46' 23" |
| 60 | Matteo Tosatto (ITA) |
Fassa Bortolo | +1h 50' 07" |
| 61 | Félix Rafael Cárdenas (COL) |
Kelme | +1h 55' 25" |
| 62 | Mikel Pradera (ESP) |
ONCE | +1h 57' 09" |
| 63 | Íñigo Cuesta (ESP) |
Cofidis | +1h 58' 31" |
| 64 | José Ivan Gutierrez (ESP) |
ONCE | +1h 59' 12" |
| 65 | Sylvain Chavanel (FRA) |
Bonjour | +1h 59' 40" |
| 66 | Daniel Schnider (SUI) |
Française des Jeux | +2h 00' 43" |
| 67 | Massimiliano Lelli (ITA) |
Cofidis | +2h 01' 26" |
| 68 | Piotr Wadecki (POL) |
Domo-Farm Frites | +2h 02' 03" |
| 69 | Jon Odriozola (ESP) |
iBanesto.com | +2h 05' 23" |
| 70 | Paolo Bettini (ITA) |
Mapei | +2h 05' 38" |
| 71 | George Hincapie (USA) |
US Postal Service | +2h 05' 46" |
| 72 | Geert Verheyen (BEL) |
Rabobank | +2h 05' 53" |
| 73 | Haimar Zubeldia (ESP) |
Euskaltel | +2h 06' 17" |
| 74 | Franck Bouyer (FRA) |
Bonjour | +2h 07' 01" |
| 75 | Maarten den Bakker (NED) |
Rabobank | +2h 07' 42" |
| 76 | Antonio Tauler (ESP) |
Kelme | +2h 08' 11" |
| 77 | Alberto Lopez (ESP) |
Euskaltel | +2h 08' 19" |
| 78 | Ludovic Turpin (FRA) |
Ag2r | +2h 09' 21" |
| 79 | Víctor Hugo Peña (COL) |
US Postal Service | +2h 10' 05" |
| 80 | Sven Teutenberg (GER) |
Festina | +2h 11' 22" |
| 81 | Fabio Baldato (ITA) |
Fassa Bortolo | +2h 11' 50" |
| 82 | Viatcheslav Ekimov (RUS) |
US Postal Service | +2h 17' 04" |
| 83 | Bradley McGee (AUS) |
Française des Jeux | +2h 17' 54" |
| 84 | Michael Blaudzun (DEN) |
Team CSC | +2h 22' 28" |
| 85 | Serge Baguet (BEL) |
Lotto | +2h 22' 50" |
| 86 | José Angel Vidal (ESP) |
Kelme | +2h 23' 09" |
| 87 | Pascal Lino (FRA) |
Festina | +2h 24' 09" |
| 88 |  Unai Etxebarria (VEN) |
Euskaltel | +2h 26' 04" |
| 89 | Nicolas Vogondy (FRA) |
Française des Jeux | +2h 27' 37" |
| 90 | Servais Knaven (NED) |
Domo-Farm Frites | +2h 27' 51" |
| 91 | Erik Dekker (NED) |
Rabobank | +2h 29' 16" |
| 92 | Paul Van Hyfte (BEL) |
Lotto | +2h 29' 57" |
| 93 | Marc Lotz (NED) |
Rabobank | +2h 31' 02" |
| 94 | Tyler Hamilton (USA) |
US Postal Service | +2h 31' 35" |
| 95 | Eddy Seigneur (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +2h 34' 19" |
| 96 | Erik Zabel (GER) |
Telekom | +2h 34' 28" |
| 97 | Alessandro Petacchi (ITA) |
Fassa Bortolo | +2h 35' 08" |
| 98 | Nico Mattan (BEL) |
Cofidis | +2h 35' 39" |
| 99 | Nicola Loda (ITA) |
Fassa Bortolo | +2h 35' 51" |
| 100 | Florent Brard (FRA) |
Festina | +2h 37' 05" |
| 101 |  Steffen Kjærgaard (NOR) |
US Postal Service | +2h 37' 24" |
| 102 | Christophe Mengin (FRA) |
Française des Jeux | +2h 40' 28" |
| 103 | Angel Castresana (ESP) |
Euskaltel | +2h 42' 41" |
| 104 | Alexei Sivakov (RUS) |
Big Mat-Auber | +2h 43' 02" |
| 105 | Eladio Jiménez (ESP) |
iBanesto.com | +2h 43' 08" |
| 106 | Jérôme Bernard (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +2h 44' 09" |
| 107 | Anthony Morin (FRA) |
Crédit Agricole | +2h 46' 48" |
| 108 | Sebastien Demarbaix (BEL) |
Ag2r | +2h 47' 19" |
| 109 | Damien Nazon (FRA) |
Bonjour | +2h 48' 10" |
| 110 |  Raivis Belohvoščiks (LAT) |
Lampre | +2h 48' 14" |
| 111 | Christophe Oriol (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | +2h 49' 00" |
| 112 | Rik Verbrugghe (BEL) |
Lotto | +2h 49' 17" |
| 113 | Emmanuel Magnien (FRA) |
Française des Jeux | +2h 50' 07" |
| 114 | Pascal Chanteur (FRA) |
Festina | +2h 50' 26" |
| 115 | Nicolas Jalabert (FRA) |
Team CSC | +2h 50' 31" |
| 116 | Franck Renier (BEL) |
Bonjour | +2h 56' 00" |
| 117 | Jakob Piil (DEN) |
Team CSC | +2h 58' 06" |
| 118 | Francisco Javier Cerezo (ESP) |
Team CSC | +2h 59' 57" |
| 119 | Frédérick Bessy (FRA) |
Crédit Agricole | +3h 01' 02" |
| 120 | Christophe Agnolutto (FRA) |
Ag2r | +3h 01' 24" |
| 121 | Gilles Maignan (FRA) |
Ag2r | +3h 01' 27" |
| 122 | Marcelino García (ESP) |
Team CSC | +3h 05' 05" |
| 123 | Christophe Capelle (FRA) |
Big Mat-Auber | +3h 05' 12" |
| 124 | Frédérick Guesdon (FRA) |
Française des Jeux | +3h 07' 12" |
| 125 | Marco Serpellini (ITA) |
Lampre | +3h 07' 47" |
| 126 | Sébastien Talabardon (FRA) |
Big Mat-Auber | +3h 09' 02" |
| 127 | Jacky Durand (FRA) |
Française des Jeux | +3h 09' 58" |
| 128 | Matteo Frutti (ITA) |
Lampre | +3h 13' 01" |
| 129 | Ján Svorada (CZE) |
Lampre | +3h 17' 38" |
| 130 | Johan Verstrepen (BEL) |
Lampre | +3h 21' 26" |
| 131 | Thierry Gouvenou (FRA) |
Big Mat-Auber | +3h 24' 23" |
| 132 | Romans Vainsteins (LAT) |
Domo-Farm Frites | +3h 24' 56" |
| 133 | Ludovic Auger (FRA) |
Big Mat-Auber | +3h 26' 02" |
| 134 | Max van Heeswijk (NED) |
Domo-Farm Frites | +3h 27' 22" |
| 135 | Stéphane Bergès (FRA) |
Ag2r | +3h 29' 53" |
| 136 | Guillaume Auger (FRA) |
Big Mat-Auber | +3h 30' 44" |
| 137 | Sébastien Hinault (FRA) |
Crédit Agricole | +3h 33' 21" |
| 138 | Olivier Perraudeau (FRA) |
Bonjour | +3h 38' 00" |
| 139 | Christopher Jenner (FRA) |
Crédit Agricole | +3h 38' 21" |
| 140 | Rubens Bertogliati (SUI) |
Lampre | +3h 39' 05" |
| 141 | Rolf Sørensen (DEN) |
Team CSC | +3h 40' 36" |
| 142 | Davide Bramati (ITA) |
Mapei | +3h 41' 14" |
| 143 | Enrico Cassani (ITA) |
Domo-Farm Frites | +3h 41' 46" |
| 144 | Jimmy Casper (FRA) |
Française des Jeux | +3h 52' 17" |
Points classification[edit]
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Erik Zabel (GER) |
Telekom | 252 |
| 2 | Stuart O'Grady (AUS) |
Crédit Agricole | 244 |
| 3 | Damien Nazon (FRA) |
Bonjour | 169 |
| 4 | Alessandro Petacchi (ITA) |
Fassa Bortolo | 148 |
| 5 | Sven Teutenberg (GER) |
Festina | 141 |
| DSQ | Lance Armstrong (USA) |
||
| 7 | Jan Ullrich (GER) |
Telekom | 127 |
| 8 | Ján Svorada (CZE) |
Lampre | 124 |
| 9 | Christophe Capelle (FRA) |
Big Mat-Auber | 114 |
| 10 | François Simon (FRA) |
Bonjour | 108 |
Mountains classification[edit]
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Laurent Jalabert (FRA) |
CSC-Tiscali | 258 |
| 2 | Jan Ullrich (GER) |
Telekom | 211 |
| 3 | Laurent Roux (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | 200 |
| DSQ | Lance Armstrong (USA) |
||
| 5 | Stefano Garzelli (ITA) |
Mapei | 164 |
| 6 | Roberto Laiseka (ESP) |
Euskaltel | 147 |
| 7 | Joseba Beloki (ESP) |
ONCE | 145 |
| 8 | Alexandre Vinokourov (KAZ) |
Telekom | 134 |
| 9 | Patrice Halgand (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | 123 |
| 10 | Óscar Sevilla (ESP) |
Kelme-Costa Blanca | 120 |
Team classification[edit]
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kelme-Costa Blanca | 259h 14' 44" |
| 2 | ONCE-Eroski | +4' 59" |
| 3 | Team Telekom | +41' 06" |
| 4 | Bonjour | +41' 49" |
| 5 | Rabobank | +51' 53" |
| 6 | US Postal | +54' 51" |
| 7 | Cofidis | +1h 20' 41" |
| 8 | iBanesto.com | +1h 22' 24" |
| 9 | Festina | +1h 45' 33" |
| 10 | Jean Delatour | +1h 49' 18" |
Young rider classification[edit]
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Óscar Sevilla (ESP) |
Kelme-Costa Blanca | 86h 35' 58 |
| 2 | Francisco Mancebo (ESP) |
iBanesto.com | +10' 03" |
| 3 | Jörg Jaksche (DEU) |
ONCE-Eroski | +47' 32" |
| 4 | Denis Menchov (RUS) |
iBanesto.com | +1h 13' 20" |
| 5 | Marco Pinotti (ITA) |
Lampre-Daikin | +1h 15' 59" |
Combativity classification[edit]
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Laurent Jalabert (FRA) |
CSC-Tiscali | 94 |
| 2 | Laurent Roux (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | 55 |
| 3 | Jens Voigt (GER) |
Crédit Agricole | 45 |
| 4 | Rik Verbrugghe (BEL) |
Lotto-Adecco | 44 |
| 5 | Paolo Bettini (ITA) |
Mapei-Quick Step | 36 |
| 6 | Jacky Durand (FRA) |
Française des Jeux | 36 |
| 7 | Bradley McGee (AUS) |
Française des Jeux | 32 |
| 8 | David Etxebarria (ESP) |
Euskaltel-Euskadi | 30 |
| 9 | Laurent Brochard (FRA) |
Jean Delatour | 28 |
| 10 | Nicolas Jalabert (FRA) |
CSC-Tiscali | 23 |
Doping[edit]
In August 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Agency recommended the disqualification of Lance Armstrong from all his results since 1998; in October 2012 the Union Cycliste Internationale has agreed to this action. Having been stripped of the win owing to his use of banned substances, Lance Armstrong's win, his third of 7 consecutive wins and the most in Tour history, no longer applies; therefore there was no official winner of the 2001 Tour De France.
References[edit]
- ^ Jacques Augendre (2009). "Guide Historique" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ a b c Knapp, Gerard (2 May 2001). "The final selection - 21 teams for-le-Tour". Cyclingnews. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "88ème Tour de France 2001" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success". RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ Chauner, David; Halstead, Michael (1990). The Tour de France Complete Book of Cycling. Villard. ISBN 0679729364. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Jones, Jeff (2001). "Stage 20 - July 29: Corbeil Essones - Paris (Champs Elysées), 160.5 km: Zabel bags the green in exciting finale, Armstrong wins his third successive TdF". Cyclingnews. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
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