Lymphotoxin alpha

Lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)
	; PDB rendering based on 1tnr.
Available structures
PDB	1tnr
Identifiers
Symbols	LTA; LT; TNFB; TNFSF1
External IDs	OMIM: 153440 MGI: 104797 HomoloGene: 497 GeneCards: LTA Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• receptor binding; • cytokine activity; • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding; • protein binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular space; • membrane;
Biological process	• response to hypoxia; • positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; • positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin; • induction of apoptosis; • humoral immune response; • signal transduction; • cell-cell signaling; • response to nutrient; • response to lipopolysaccharide; • positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; • response to drug; • negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host; • negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation; • lymph node development; • defense response to Gram-positive bacterium;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs

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Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene.^[1]^[2]

[edit] Function

Lymphotoxin alpha, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. LTA is highly inducible, secreted, and exists as homotrimeric molecule. LTA forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta which anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. LTA mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses. LTA is also involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during development and plays a role in apoptosis.^[3]

In LTα knockout mice, all Peyer's patches and lymph nodes will fail to develop indicating LTα's importance in immunological development.^[4]

[edit] Interactions

Lymphotoxin alpha has been shown to interact with LTB.^[5]^[6]^[7]

[edit] See also

Lymphotoxin

[edit] References

^ Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Smith D, Jarrett-Nedwin J, Pennica D, Goeddel DV, Gray PW (Nov 1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization". Nucleic Acids Res 13 (17): 6361–6373. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6361. PMC 321958. PMID 2995927. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=321958.
^ Aggarwal BB, Eessalu TE, Hass PE (Feb 1986). "Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon". Nature 318 (6047): 665–7. doi:10.1038/318665a0. PMID 3001529.
^ "Entrez Gene: LTA lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4049.
^ Akirav, Eitan; Liao, Shan; Ruddle, Nancy (2008). "Chapter 2: Lymphoid Tissues and Organs". In Paul, William (Book). Fundamental Immunology (6th ed.). Philidelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 27–55. ISBN 0-7817-6519-6.
^ Williams-Abbott, L; Walter B N, Cheung T C, Goh C R, Porter A G, Ware C F (Aug. 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (31): 19451–19456. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9235946.
^ Browning, J L; Sizing I D, Lawton P, Bourdon P R, Rennert P D, Majeau G R, Ambrose C M, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths D A, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin C D, Hochman P S (Oct. 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 159 (7): 3288–98. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 9317127.
^ Browning, J L; Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon P R, Ehrenfels B N, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia A M, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan. 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 154 (1): 33–46. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 7995952.

[edit] Further reading

Körner H, Sedgwick JD (1997). "Tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin: molecular aspects and role in tissue-specific autoimmunity". Immunol. Cell Biol. 74 (5): 465–472. doi:10.1038/icb.1996.77. PMID 8912010.
Wang Q (2005). "Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease". Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 20 (3): 182–188. doi:10.1097/01.hco.0000160373.77190.f1. PMC 1579824. PMID 15861005. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1579824.
Copeland KF (2006). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 5 (12): 1093–1101. doi:10.2174/138955705774933383. PMID 16375755.
Elewaut D, Ware CF (2007). "The unconventional role of LT alpha beta in T cell differentiation". Trends Immunol. 28 (4): 169–175. doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.02.005. PMID 17336158.

This article on a gene on chromosome 6 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[pmid2995927-0] Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Smith D, Jarrett-Nedwin J, Pennica D, Goeddel DV, Gray PW (Nov 1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization". Nucleic Acids Res 13 (17): 6361–6373. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6361. PMC 321958. PMID 2995927. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=321958.

[pmid3001529-1] Aggarwal BB, Eessalu TE, Hass PE (Feb 1986). "Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon". Nature 318 (6047): 665–7. doi:10.1038/318665a0. PMID 3001529.

[2] "Entrez Gene: LTA lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4049.

[3] Akirav, Eitan; Liao, Shan; Ruddle, Nancy (2008). "Chapter 2: Lymphoid Tissues and Organs". In Paul, William (Book). Fundamental Immunology (6th ed.). Philidelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 27–55. ISBN 0-7817-6519-6.

[pmid9235946-4] Williams-Abbott, L; Walter B N, Cheung T C, Goh C R, Porter A G, Ware C F (Aug. 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (31): 19451–19456. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9235946.

[pmid9317127-5] Browning, J L; Sizing I D, Lawton P, Bourdon P R, Rennert P D, Majeau G R, Ambrose C M, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths D A, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin C D, Hochman P S (Oct. 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 159 (7): 3288–98. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 9317127.

[pmid7995952-6] Browning, J L; Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon P R, Ehrenfels B N, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia A M, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan. 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 154 (1): 33–46. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 7995952.

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Lymphotoxin alpha

Contents

[edit] Function

[edit] Interactions

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

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