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|strength1={{flagicon|Iraq}}54,000–60,000 ISF troops,<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/> 14,000 paramilitary troops<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 40,000 Peshmerga troops<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>{{flagicon|US}} 500 U.S. troops (logistical support only)<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>{{flagicon|AUS}} 80 Australian [[Operation Okra#Special Operations Task Group (SOTG)|SOTG]] troops ([[Military aid|assistance]] role only)<ref name="Okra">{{cite web|last1=Greene|first1=Andrew|title=Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-17/australian-special-forces-to-assist-military-operation-to-retak/7939556|website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon|CAN}} 210 [[CANSOFCOM]] troops (advisory role only), 60 [[Canadian Army]] medical personnel, and undisclosed no. of [[21 Electronic Warfare Regiment|electronic warfare specialists]]<ref name="CANSOFCOM">{{cite web|last1=Chase|first1=Steven|title=Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-forces-providing-crucial-support-in-battle-to-recapture-mosul/article32403507/|website=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
|strength1={{flagicon|Iraq}}54,000–60,000 ISF troops,<ref name="cnn1017">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Nick Paton|last2=Blau|first2=Max|last3=Park|first3=Madison|last4=McLaughlin|first4=Eliott C.|title=Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ptv"/> 14,000 paramilitary troops<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>{{flagicon|Kurdistan}} 40,000 Peshmerga troops<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>{{flagicon|US}} 500 U.S. troops (logistical support only)<ref name="cnn1017"/><br/>{{flagicon|AUS}} 80 Australian [[Operation Okra#Special Operations Task Group (SOTG)|SOTG]] troops ([[Military aid|assistance]] role only)<ref name="Okra">{{cite web|last1=Greene|first1=Andrew|title=Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-17/australian-special-forces-to-assist-military-operation-to-retak/7939556|website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon|CAN}} 210 [[CANSOFCOM]] troops (advisory role only), 60 [[Canadian Army]] medical personnel, and undisclosed no. of [[21 Electronic Warfare Regiment|electronic warfare specialists]]<ref name="CANSOFCOM">{{cite web|last1=Chase|first1=Steven|title=Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-forces-providing-crucial-support-in-battle-to-recapture-mosul/article32403507/|website=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
|strength2= 2,000–9,000 militants<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Iraqi army begins the liberation of Mosul|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21708891-even-backing-kurds-shia-militias-and-american-led-international|publisher=The Economist|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
|strength2= 2,000–9,000 militants<ref name="lemonde1017">{{cite news|title=Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=17 October 2016|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Iraqi army begins the liberation of Mosul|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21708891-even-backing-kurds-shia-militias-and-american-led-international|publisher=The Economist|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>
|casualties1=6 Peshmerga fighters killed, 16 wounded<ref name="aj1017"/><br/>1 Iraqi soldier killed<ref name="aj1017"/>
|casualties1=6 Peshmerga fighters killed, 16 wounded<ref name="aj1017"/><br/>71 Iraqi soldier killed<ref name="aj1017"/>
|casualties2= Unknown
|casualties2= Unknown
|casualties3=
|casualties3=

Revision as of 10:28, 18 October 2016

For other Mosul offensives, see Battle of Mosul.
Battle of Mosul (2016)
Part of the Iraqi Civil War, Mosul offensive and the U.S.-led intervention in Iraq
Date16 October 2016 – present
(8 years and 3 weeks)
Location
Southwest Erbil Governorate; Nineveh Governorate, Iraq
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

 Iraq
Kurdistan Region Iraqi Kurdistan
CJTF–OIR:

 Islamic State (ISIL)
Commanders and leaders
Haidar al-Abadi (Prime Minister of Iraq)
Iraq Major Gen. Najim al-Jubouri (ISF commander of Nineveh Operations)
Kurdistan Region Omer Huseyin (Peshmerga commander)[5]		 Islamic State Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Leader)
Units involved

Iraq:

Iraqi Kurdistan:

Military of ISIL

Strength
Iraq54,000–60,000 ISF troops,[7][8] 14,000 paramilitary troops[7]
Kurdistan Region 40,000 Peshmerga troops[7]
United States 500 U.S. troops (logistical support only)[7]
Australia 80 Australian SOTG troops (assistance role only)[9]
Canada 210 CANSOFCOM troops (advisory role only), 60 Canadian Army medical personnel, and undisclosed no. of electronic warfare specialists[10]		 2,000–9,000 militants[11][12]
Casualties and losses
6 Peshmerga fighters killed, 16 wounded[13]
71 Iraqi soldier killed[13]		 Unknown

The Battle of Mosul (Arabic: معركة الموصل) is a joint offensive by Iraqi government forces with allied militias, Iraqi Kurdistan, and international forces to retake the city of Mosul from ISIL.[14][15][16] The ground war began on 16 October 2016.[5][17][18] The battle for Mosul is considered key in the military intervention against ISIL, which seized the city in June 2014.[19] It is the largest deployment of Iraqi forces since the 2003 invasion by U.S. and coalition forces.[20]

The operation follows the Mosul offensive in 2015 and Mosul offensive in 2016. Up to 1.5 million civilians live in the city; there are fears of a massive humanitarian crisis and that civilians could be used as human shields by ISIL.[21]

Background

Main articles: Fall of Mosul, Mosul offensive (2015), and Mosul offensive (2016)
Map of the Kurdish-launched Mosul offensive, as of October 2016

Mosul is Iraq's second-most populated city and fell to ISIL in June 2014. With largely a Sunni majority, Mosul fell easily to a mere 800 ISIL militants because of the population's deep distrust of the primarily Shia Iraqi government and its corrupt armed forces.[22][11] It was in the Great Mosque in Mosul that ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared the birth of the caliphate spanning Iraq and Syria.[22] The original population of 2.5 million has fallen to approximately 1.5 million after two years of ISIL rule. The city was once extremely diverse, with ethnic minorities including Armenians, Yazidis, Assyrian, Turkmen, and Shabak people, who suffered considerably under ISIL.[23] Mosul remains the last stronghold of ISIL in Iraq,[24] and the anticipated offensive to reclaim it has been hyped as the "mother of all battles."[25][26][27][28]

In the weeks leading up to the ground offensive, a U.S.-led coalition bombed ISIL targets, and the Iraqi army made gradual advances on the city.[20] Royal Air Force Typhoons, Tornados and Reaper drones targeted "rocket launchers, ammunition stockpiles, artillery pieces and mortar positions" in the 72 hours before the ground assault began.[29] Leaflets dropped on the city by the Iraqi army advised young male residents to "rise up" against ISIL when the battle began.[24]

To prepare for the assault, ISIL jihadists dug 7-by-7-foot trenches around the city, which they plan to fill with burning oil to reduce visibility[20] and slow advances.[8]

Forces

An estimated 3,000–5,000 ISIL fighters are in Mosul, according to the United States Department of Defense.[30] The Iraqi-led coalition is estimated by CNN to have 94,000 members;[31] 54,000 to 60,000 Iraqi security forces (ISF) soldiers, 16,000 paramilitary fighters and 40,000 Peshmerga are deployed in the battle.[7][8]

The coalition forces are headquartered 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Mosul at Qayyarah Airfield West (or Q-West) in Qayyarah, which was reclaimed from ISIL in June.[32] About 560 U.S. troops from the 101st Airborne Division were deployed to Q-West for the battle, including command and control elements, a security detachment, an airfield operations team, an logistics and communications specialists.[33] The U.S. deployed HIMARS rocket launchers and M777 howitzers, manned by the 101st's 2nd Brigade Combat Team and the Golf Company, 526th Brigade Support Battalion. The French army deployed four CAESAR howitzers and 150 to 200 soldiers at Qayyarah, with 600 more French troops announced at the end of September.[34] An additional 150 French soldiers are in Erbil, east of Mosul, training Peshmerga.[35] 80 Australian special forces soldiers and 210 CANSOFCOM soldiers are also deployed to assist the Peshmerga. In addition, the Canadian Forces 21 Electronic Warfare Regiment is reportedly in the area, working to intercept and relay ISIL communications, while a Role 2 Canadian Army field hospital with 60 personnel has been set up to treat Kurdish casualties.[9][10]

Iranian-backed Shia militias, including several brigades of the paramilitary organization Hashd al-Shaabi, are also assisting. The Peace Brigades, the League of the Righteous, and the Badr Brigade are taking part.[35] Turkey has 1,500 to 2,000 soldiers in Iraq,[36] including 500 Turkish soldiers deployed to Bashiqa, where they trained 1,500 Iraqi Sunni volunteers to reclaim Mosul.[37][38] Turkey's participation is against the wishes of the Iraqi government, which fears an occupying force from the Turks.[35] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan told the Turkish parliament on 1 October, "We will play a role in the Mosul liberation operation and no one can prevent us from participating,"[39] and said Turkey's presence was to prevent terrorist attacks on Turkey.[40] People of Iraqi Kurdistan criticized Turkey's participation, claiming ulterior motives.[41]

Despite the presence of coalition forces, Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi said that only the Iraqi army and the Iraqi national police will enter the city itself.[18][42]

Battle

On 16 October, Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi declared the beginning of the assault to recapture the city of Mosul.[18] Officials reported howitzers began an assault on the city late that day.[5] Additional assaults began several hours after a televised address by al-Abadi on state television.[24] The assault began with shelling and arrival of armored vehicles to the front lines.[43] Pro-government forces also captured Bashiqa during the night.[44]

According to the Iraqi government, 20 villages near Mosul were captured from ISIS in the first 24 hours of fighting by the Peshmerga and Iraqi forces.[45] The Peshmerga in Khazer started the ground assault by advancing on ISIL-held villages from three fronts, with Iraqi security forces advancing from the south.[46] Iraqi troops advanced on the Bartella area east of Mosul while ISIL fighters fired mortars at Peshmerga.[47] By the end of the day, they had captured at least six villages to the east of Mosul.[48] The Peshmerga meanwhile captured nine villages.[49]

Amaq News claimed that ISIL has launched eight suicide attacks targeting the Peshmerga.[50] The President of Iraqi Kurdistan, Massoud Barzani, said that Peshmerga and Iraqi fighters retook 200 square kilometers (80 square miles) from ISIL on the first day of fighting.[13] At least five Pershmerga fighters and one Iraqi Army soldier were killed on the first full day of fighting, according to Al Jazeera.[13]

Russian media, citing Kurdish Firat News Agency, reported a suicide bomber killed 70 Iraqi soldiers on 17 October in an attack on a convoy near the village of Bilavet Giyar, east of Mosul, a figure that has not been confirmed.[51][52]

Iraqi officials reported that "heavy losses of life and equipment" were inflicted upon ISIL fighters in the Hamdaniya district southeast of Mosul. CNN reported that scores of injured ISIL fighters had been bused west toward Raqqa (ISIL's headquarters in Syria) for medical aid.[7] Family members of ISIL fighters fled from Mosul to Nawran village due to the shelling. It was also reported that some fighters had started shaving their beards and were getting rid of their Afghan uniforms.[53] The group was also reported to have evacuated and shifted their headquarters from west side of Mosul to its east side.[54]

On 18 October, the Iraqi and Peshmerga advance had been slowed down due to suicide bombers, roadside IEDs and oil fires. In order to eliminate any ISIL presence completely from the villages on outskirts of the city, they were carrying out street-by-street search operations.[55] The Peshmerga later paused their advance while the Iraqi Army continued their advance.[56]

Humanitarian issues

Between 1 and 1.5 million people live in Mosul, and humanitarian agencies have warned of a potential crisis if hundreds of thousands of people flee the city, with winter approaching. Lise Grande, the United Nations' humanitarian coordinator in Iraq, stated, "In a worst-case scenario, we're literally looking at the single largest humanitarian operation in the world in 2016."[21] Save the Children warned that massive bloodshed of civilians was likely unless safe routes were allowed to let civilians flee.[57]

ISIL has reportedly threatened to execute civilians trying to flee and snipers, landmines and the trenches are preventing people from attempting to escape.[20] Iraqi officials, via radio broadcasts and leaflets dropped over the city, warned civilians to stay in their homes. Leaflets advised various precautions to residents, including instructions to tape over their windows to protect from flying glass and to disconnect gas pipes.[24][58]

Italian Filippo Grandi, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, arrived in Erbil on 17 October to meet with Kurdish officials.[59] The UN has set up five refugees camps capable of taking in up to 45,000 people, and has the capability of taking in up to 120,000 if more sites are available for camps.[60]

Media coverage

Several media outlets, including Al Jazeera and Channel 4, live streamed the first day's battle on Facebook, a first in war coverage.[61][62][63] Additional live video feeds were available on YouTube and the streaming app Periscope. Iraqi and Kurdish officials are also joining in on social media, using the official hashtag #FreeMosul.[64] Brendan Gauthier, assistant editor of Salon, noted that given ISIL's slick campaigns on social media, "It's only appropriate then that the Iraqi military’s effort to reclaim Mosul from the PR machine turned extremist group be live-streamed."[65]

The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian are among the news outlets covering the battle via live blogs and with live video.[66]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis". the guardian. 17 October 2016.
  2. ^ "Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS". CBC News. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  3. ^ "Australia to have role in battle for Mosul". Sky News Australia. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  4. ^ "Danish soldiers have a role on the attack on Islamic State in Mosul". TV2 Danmark. 17 October 2016.
  5. ^ a b c Haddad, Tareq (16 October 2016). "'US military has started shelling Mosul' says Peshmerga commander". International Business Times. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  6. ^ "Iraqi Army makes final preparations for massive offensive". 10 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Walsh, Nick Paton; Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'". CNN. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  8. ^ a b c "PressTV-LIVE UPDATE: Final push to retake Mosul". presstv.com. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  9. ^ a b Greene, Andrew. "Islamic State: Australia's special forces to assist Iraq military in battle for Mosul". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  10. ^ a b Chase, Steven. "Canadian forces providing crucial support in battle to recapture Mosul". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  11. ^ a b "Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée". Le Monde (in French). 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016. Cite error: The named reference "lemonde1017" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  12. ^ "The Iraqi army begins the liberation of Mosul". The Economist. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  13. ^ a b c d "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces claim gains against ISIL". Al Jazeera. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  14. ^ Dunford, Daniel (15 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: UN prepares for aftermath 'chaos'". BBC News. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  15. ^ "The Coming Battle for Mosul". The New York Times. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  16. ^ von Hein, Matthias (14 October 2016). "Interview: Battle for Mosul likely to lead to power struggle". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  17. ^ "Battle for Mosul: Iraq and Kurdish troops make gains". BBC News. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  18. ^ a b c Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces close in". CNN. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  19. ^ Yan, Holly; Muaddi, Nadeem (17 October 2016). "Why the battle for Mosul matters in the fight against ISIS". CNN. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  20. ^ a b c d "What is the battle for Mosul? Everything you need to know about the fight to liberate Isil's last bastion of power in Iraq". The Daily Telegraph. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  21. ^ a b "Battle for Mosul sparks fears of humanitarian crisis". Times LIVE. Agence France Press. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  22. ^ a b "Factbox: Once-tolerant Mosul site of Iraq push against Islamic State". Reuters. 16 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  23. ^ Bulos, Nabih (2 October 2016). "The battle in Iraq that could turn the tide against Islamic State: The fight for Mosul is about to begin". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  24. ^ a b c d Gordon, Michael R.; Arango, Tim (17 October 2016). "Kurdish Troops Advance on ISIS-Held Villages East of Mosul". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  25. ^ Ensor, Josie (17 October 2016). "Isil 'launches suicide attacks' on Kurdish forces in Mosul as bloody battle to retake terror group's Iraq stronghold begins". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  26. ^ "Iraqi army begins 'mother of all battles' to reclaim Mosul". msn.com. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  27. ^ Hughes, Chris (17 October 2016). "ISIS under devastating attack as 'mother of all battles' begins in Mosul". The Mirror. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  28. ^ Wedeman, Ben (25 August 2016). "Will ISIS be pushed easily from Mosul?". CNN. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  29. ^ "Isil 'launches suicide attacks' on Kurdish forces in Mosul as bloody battle to retake terror group's Iraq stronghold begins". The Daily Telegraph. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  30. ^ Peter Cook, various reporters (17 October 2016). Defense Department Briefing. Arlington, Virginia, United States: C-SPAN. Event occurs at 23:02. Retrieved 17 October 2016. The estimate [of ISL fighters in Mosul] I've seen was… 3,000 to 5,000… We've seen other numbers that are higher.
  31. ^ Walsh, Nick; Blau, Max; Grinberg, Emanuella; Hume, Tim (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses' on ISIS". CNN. Event occurs at 20:02. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  32. ^ Forey, Samuel (16 October 2016). "Bataille de Mossoul: reportage à Qayyarah, dans le QG de la coalition". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  33. ^ Sisk, Richard (8 August 2016). "101st Soldiers Deploying to Bolster Fight Against ISIS in Iraq". Military.com. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  34. ^ Chapleau, Philippe (29 September 2016). "Les quatre Caesar de Qayyarah ont déjà donné de la voix". Ouest-France. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  35. ^ a b c "Bataille de Mossoul : qui participe à la reconquête ?". L'Observer (in French). 17 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  36. ^ Mathieu, Luc; Kodmani, Hala (16 October 2016). "«Le gouvernement irakien n'a pas de plan pour le jour d'après»". Libération.fr. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  37. ^ "Offensive sur Mossoul: Washington tente de désamorcer les tensions Turquie-Irak". L'Orient-Le Jour. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  38. ^ "Reconquête de Mossoul: la Turquie entend peser sur le champ de bataille irakien" (in French). RFI. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  39. ^ Lister, Tim; Alkhshali, Hamdi (4 October 2016). "Stakes high for Iraq as Mosul offensive looms". CNN. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  40. ^ "Erdogan: Iraq unable to liberate Mosul on its own". Al Arabiya. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  41. ^ Hesen, Rêbaz (17 October 2016). "People of South Kurdistan: Turkey after a permanent occupation in Mosul". Firat News Agency. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  42. ^ "Trompettes et tambours médiatiques pour la reconquête de Mossoul". Ouest-France (in French). 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  43. ^ Iraqi Forces Attack Mosul, Seeking to Dislodge Islamic State New York Times (16 October 2016)
  44. ^ Iraqi Army, Assyrian forces liberate Bashiqa near Mosul Al-Masdar News (17 October 2016)
  45. ^ Chmaytelli, Maher (18 October 2016). "Iraqi forces announce progress in Mosul offensive". Reuters. BAGHDAD. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  46. ^ Iraq's Kurdish forces launch fresh push east of Mosul Deccan Chronicle (17 October 2016)
  47. ^ El-Ghobashy, Tamer; Nabhan, Ali A.; Kesling (17 October 2016). "Iraq Forces Begin Battle to Dislodge ISIS From Mosul". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  48. ^ "Iraqi Joint forces liberate 6 villages near Mosul". Al Jazeera. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  49. ^ "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses' on ISIS". CNN. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  50. ^ "Live: On Day 1, Iraqi Kurdish forces 'retook 200 square kilometers' of territory". The Hindu. Associated Press. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  51. ^ "Боевики ИГ ответили атаками смертников на наступление армии на Мосул". RIA Novosti. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  52. ^ "At Least 70 Iraqi Soldiers Dead in Suicide Bomber Attack on Convoy in Mosul". Sputnik News. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  53. ^ "ISIS families flee Mosul amid intense aerial bombing". Iraqi News. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  54. ^ "ISIS evacuates its headquarters and withdraws to east side of Mosul". Iraqi News. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  55. ^ "Kurds planning fresh push to recapture Mosul". Sky News. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  56. ^ "Kurds pause in Mosul offensive, say Iraqi Army will advance". The Hindu. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  57. ^ "Children's charity warns Mosul population could face bloodshed without safe routes". rudaw.net. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  58. ^ "L'armée irakienne largue des tracts sur Mossoul en prévision d'une offensive". France 24 (in French). 16 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  59. ^ "UN: Protection of civilians must be ensured in Mosul offensive". Rudaw Media Network. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  60. ^ Paton Walsh, Nick; McKirdy, Euan (18 October 2016). "Mosul: Territory recaptured from ISIS". CNN. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  61. ^ Mezzofiore, Gianluca (17 October 2016). "The battle for Mosul is being live streamed on Facebook". Mashable. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  62. ^ Morley, Nicole (17 October 2016). "The battle to defeat Isis in Mosul is being livestreamed on Facebook". Metro. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  63. ^ Paton, Callum (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: War broadcast live on Facebook as Iraqi Kurdish forces advance on Isis stronghold". International Business Times. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  64. ^ Chiel, Ethan (17 October 2016). "The Battle to Retake a City From ISIS Is Being Livestreamed". Fusion. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  65. ^ Gauthier, Brendan (17 October 2016). "The battle for Mosul is live-streamed: Al Jazeera English live feed documents the potential fall of ISIS". Salon. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  66. ^ "Watch live: day two of the battle to liberate the Iraqi city of Mosul from Isil". The Daily Telegraph. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.

35°48′01″N 43°17′23″E / 35.8003°N 43.2897°E / 35.8003; 43.2897

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