Desoxymethyltestosterone: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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Desoxymethyltestosterone was invented in 1961 by Max Huffman who obtained a patent on the compound the same year.<ref name="pmid17254722" /> It was described in the scientific literature in 1963.<ref name="pmid17254722" /> However, it was never brought to market as a commercial drug.<ref>{{US patent|2996524}}</ref><ref name="pmid17254722" /> Desoxymethyltestosterone was rediscovered by chemist, AAS enthusiast, and amateur bodybuilder [[Patrick Arnold]] in 2005. Arnold produced desoxymethyltestosterone and supplied it to Victor Conte of [[Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative]] (BALCO), an American nutritional supplement company and steroid supplier.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/can/press/2006/2006_08_04_arnold_sentencing%20press.htm |title=Chemist Who Created "The Clear" Sentenced |publisher=United States Attorney for the Northern District of California |date=2006-08-04 |accessdate=2007-10-08}}</ref> |
Desoxymethyltestosterone was invented in 1961 by Max Huffman who obtained a patent on the compound the same year.<ref name="pmid17254722" /> It was described in the scientific literature in 1963.<ref name="pmid17254722" /> However, it was never brought to market as a commercial drug.<ref>{{US patent|2996524}}</ref><ref name="pmid17254722" /> Desoxymethyltestosterone was rediscovered by chemist, AAS enthusiast, and amateur bodybuilder [[Patrick Arnold]] in 2005. Arnold produced desoxymethyltestosterone and supplied it to Victor Conte of [[Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative]] (BALCO), an American nutritional supplement company and steroid supplier.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/can/press/2006/2006_08_04_arnold_sentencing%20press.htm |title=Chemist Who Created "The Clear" Sentenced |publisher=United States Attorney for the Northern District of California |date=2006-08-04 |accessdate=2007-10-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014084938/http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/can/press/2006/2006_08_04_arnold_sentencing%20press.htm |archivedate=2006-10-14 |df= }}</ref> |
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DMT became a controlled substance in the US on January 4, 2010, and is classified as a [[Schedule III (US)|Schedule III]] [[anabolic steroid]] under the United States [[Controlled Substances Act]] along with [[boldione]] and [[dienedione]].<ref>[http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2008/fr0425.htm Rules - 2008 - Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/E8-8842.htm FR Doc E8-8842<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://drugtopics.modernmedicine.com/drugtopics/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=512638 DEA proposes listing three steroids under Schedule III - Since three steroids have a high potential for drug abuse and trafficking, the Drug Enforcement Administration wants to classify them as Schedu<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/1438704/ Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The substance had come under scrutiny after it was found to be present in several over-the-counter [[bodybuilding supplements]].<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 20355167 | year = 2009 | author1 = Okano | first1 = M | title = Analysis of non-ketoic steroids 17alpha-methylepithiostanol and desoxymethyl- testosterone in dietary supplements | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 1 | issue = 11-12 | pages = 518–25 | last2 = Sato | first2 = M | last3 = Ikekita | first3 = A | last4 = Kageyama | first4 = S | doi = 10.1002/dta.72}}</ref> |
DMT became a controlled substance in the US on January 4, 2010, and is classified as a [[Schedule III (US)|Schedule III]] [[anabolic steroid]] under the United States [[Controlled Substances Act]] along with [[boldione]] and [[dienedione]].<ref>[http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2008/fr0425.htm Rules - 2008 - Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/E8-8842.htm FR Doc E8-8842<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://drugtopics.modernmedicine.com/drugtopics/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=512638 DEA proposes listing three steroids under Schedule III - Since three steroids have a high potential for drug abuse and trafficking, the Drug Enforcement Administration wants to classify them as Schedu<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/1438704/ Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The substance had come under scrutiny after it was found to be present in several over-the-counter [[bodybuilding supplements]].<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 20355167 | year = 2009 | author1 = Okano | first1 = M | title = Analysis of non-ketoic steroids 17alpha-methylepithiostanol and desoxymethyl- testosterone in dietary supplements | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 1 | issue = 11-12 | pages = 518–25 | last2 = Sato | first2 = M | last3 = Ikekita | first3 = A | last4 = Kageyama | first4 = S | doi = 10.1002/dta.72}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 12:19, 9 September 2017
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| Other names | Desoxymethyltestosterone; Madol; Pheraplex; 17α-Methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol; NSC-63329; SC-11977 |
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| Routes of administration | Oral |
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| Formula | C20H32O |
| Molar mass | 288.46748 g/mol g·mol−1 |
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Desoxymethyltestosterone (nicknames Madol, Pheraplex) is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-methylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It was one of the first designer steroids to be marketed as a performance-enhancing drug to athletes and bodybuilders.
Desoxymethyltestosterone is sometimes abbreviated as DMT, though it should not be confused with the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine, which is also known by the same acronym.
Side effects
Pharmacology
In animal studies, desoxymethyltestosterone has been found to bind to the androgen receptor (AR) about as half as strongly as DHT, and caused side effects that are typical of 17α-alkylated AAS, such as liver damage when taken in higher dosages as well as left ventricular hypertrophy.[2]
Desoxymethyltestosterone is unusual in that it is structurally a 2-ene compound, lacking the 3-keto group present in almost all commercial AAS (with ethylestrenol being a notable and one of the few exceptions). This does not mean it is a weak compound, and clinical research has determined that it is a fairly potent oral agent.[2] Rat studies indicate that desoxymethyltestosterone has an anabolic effect 160% that of testosterone while being only 60% as androgenic, giving it a Q ratio of 6.5:1.[3] Because of this favorable ratio, experiments in orchiectomized rats have demonstrated that treatment with desoxymethyltestosterone resulted only in a stimulation of the weight of the levator ani muscle; the prostate and seminal vesicle weights remained unaffected leading the authors of one study to characterize desoxymethyltestosterone as a powerful AAS with attributes of a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) and some indication of toxicity.[2]
Chemistry
Desoxymethyltestosterone, also known as 3-desoxy-17α-methyl-δ2-5α-dihydrotestosterone (3-desoxy-17α-methyl-δ2-DHT) or as 17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a 17α-alkylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
History
Desoxymethyltestosterone was invented in 1961 by Max Huffman who obtained a patent on the compound the same year.[2] It was described in the scientific literature in 1963.[2] However, it was never brought to market as a commercial drug.[4][2] Desoxymethyltestosterone was rediscovered by chemist, AAS enthusiast, and amateur bodybuilder Patrick Arnold in 2005. Arnold produced desoxymethyltestosterone and supplied it to Victor Conte of Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO), an American nutritional supplement company and steroid supplier.[5]
DMT became a controlled substance in the US on January 4, 2010, and is classified as a Schedule III anabolic steroid under the United States Controlled Substances Act along with boldione and dienedione.[6][7][8][9] The substance had come under scrutiny after it was found to be present in several over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements.[10]
See also
References
- ^ "Misuse of Drugs Legislation".
- ^ a b c d e f Diel P, Friedel A, Geyer H, Kamber M, Laudenbach-Leschowsky U, Schänzer W, Thevis M, Vollmer G, Zierau O (2007). "Characterisation of the pharmacological profile of desoxymethyltestosterone (Madol), a steroid misused for doping". Toxicol. Lett. 169 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.12.004. PMID 17254722.
- ^ Edwards J.A.; Bowers A. (1961). Chemistry and Industry: 1962–63.
{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ U.S. patent 2,996,524
- ^ "Chemist Who Created "The Clear" Sentenced" (Press release). United States Attorney for the Northern District of California. 2006-08-04. Archived from the original on 2006-10-14. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
{{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Rules - 2008 - Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act
- ^ FR Doc E8-8842
- ^ DEA proposes listing three steroids under Schedule III - Since three steroids have a high potential for drug abuse and trafficking, the Drug Enforcement Administration wants to classify them as Schedu
- ^ Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act
- ^ Okano, M; Sato, M; Ikekita, A; Kageyama, S (2009). "Analysis of non-ketoic steroids 17alpha-methylepithiostanol and desoxymethyl- testosterone in dietary supplements". Drug Testing and Analysis. 1 (11–12): 518–25. doi:10.1002/dta.72. PMID 20355167.