Year
|
Politician
|
Country
|
Title
|
Type
|
81 BCE
|
Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna
|
Roman Republic
|
Consuls
|
Sulla's civil war
|
48 BCE
|
Pompey
|
Roman Republic
|
Triumvir
|
Assassinated by Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator while attempting to flee to Egypt during Caesar's civil war
|
44 BCE
|
Julius Caesar
|
Roman Republic
|
Dictator perpetuo
|
Assassinated at the beginning of the Liberators' civil war
|
33 BCE
|
Mark Antony
|
Roman Republic
|
Triumvir
|
War of Actium
|
1659 CE
|
Richard Cromwell
|
Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
|
Lord Protector
|
Stuart Restoration
|
1852
|
Juan Manuel de Rosas
|
Argentina
|
17th Governor of Buenos Aires Province, Ruler of Argentina
|
Brazilian invasion during the Platine War
|
1861
|
Sam Houston
|
Republic of Texas
|
Governor of Texas
|
Opposed Texas's secession from the Union and entry into the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War
|
1863
|
José Antonio Páez
|
Venezuela
|
5th President of Venezuela
|
|
1865
|
Jefferson Davis
|
Confederate States of America
|
President of the Confederate States of America
|
American Civil War
|
1871
|
Mariano Melgarejo
|
Bolivia
|
15th President of Bolivia
|
|
1908
|
Cipriano Castro
|
Venezuela
|
President of Venezuela
|
1908 Venezuelan coup d'état, removed from office while abroad the country
|
1911
|
Porfirio Díaz
|
Mexico
|
33rd President of Mexico
|
Mexican Revolution
|
1917
|
Alexander Kerensky
|
Russian Republic
|
Minister-President of the Russian Republic
|
October Revolution
|
1917, 1926
|
Bernardino Machado
|
Portuguese Republic
|
Third and eighth President of Portugal
|
Coup d'etat by Sidónio Pais
|
1930
|
Washington Luís
|
First Brazilian Republic
|
13th President of Brazil
|
Brazilian Revolution of 1930
|
1938
|
Kurt Schuschnigg
|
Austria
|
Chancellor of Austria
|
Anschluss
|
1938
|
Edvard Beneš
|
Czechoslovakia
|
President of Czechoslovakia
|
Occupation of Czechoslovakia
|
1939
|
Manuel Azaña
|
Spain
|
Prime Minister of Spain
|
Spanish Civil War
|
1940
|
Paul Reynaud
|
France
|
Prime Minister of France
|
Battle of France
|
1940
|
Konstantin Päts
|
Estonia
|
1st President of Estonia
|
Soviet invasion of Estonia
|
1940
|
Antanas Smetona
|
Lithuania
|
1st President of Lithuania
|
Soviet invasion of Lithuania
|
1940
|
Kārlis Ulmanis
|
Latvia
|
4th President of Latvia (self proclaimed)
|
Soviet invasion of Latvia
|
1944, 1945
|
Benito Mussolini
|
Fascist Italy
|
Duce
|
Italian campaign of World War II
|
1944
|
Juan Federico Ponce Vaides
|
Guatemala
|
President of Guatemala
|
Guatemalan Revolution
|
1945
|
Karl Dönitz
|
Nazi Germany
|
President of Germany
|
World War II
|
1945
|
Isaías Medina Angarita
|
Venezuela
|
President of Venezuela
|
1945 Venezuelan coup d'état
|
1945
|
Getúlio Vargas
|
Brazil
|
14th and 17th President of Brazil
|
1945 Brazilian coup d'état
|
1947
|
Ferenc Nagy
|
Second Hungarian Republic
|
40th Prime Minister of Hungary, 1st Prime Minister of the Second Hungarian Republic
|
Coup d'état
|
1948
|
Teodoro Picado Michalski
|
Costa Rica
|
President of Costa Rica
|
Costa Rican civil war
|
1948
|
Rómulo Gallegos
|
Venezuela
|
President of Venezuela
|
1948 Venezuelan coup d'état
|
1953
|
Mohammad Mosaddegh
|
Imperial State of Iran
|
35th Prime Minister of Iran
|
1953 Iranian coup d'état
|
1954
|
Jacobo Árbenz
|
Guatemala
|
President of Guatemala
|
1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
|
1955
|
Carlos Luz
|
Brazil
|
Acting President of Brazil
|
|
1956
|
Imre Nagy
|
Hungary
|
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic
|
Soviet invasion of Hungary
|
1956
|
Bolesław Bierut
|
Poland
|
General Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party
|
Polish October
|
1958
|
Marcos Pérez Jiménez
|
Venezuela
|
Military dictator of Venezuela
|
Fled the country during the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état
|
1959
|
Fulgencio Batista[3]
|
Cuba
|
14th and 17th President of Cuba
|
Cuban Revolution
|
1960
|
Patrice Lumumba
|
Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
|
1st President of Congo-Leopoldville
|
Congo Crisis
|
1960
|
Syngman Rhee
|
South Korea
|
1st President of South Korea
|
April Revolution
|
1963
|
Nazem al-Qudsi
|
Syrian Republic
|
President of Syria
|
1963 Syrian coup d'état
|
1963
|
Juan Bosch
|
Dominican Republic
|
President of the Dominican Republic
|
1963 Dominican coup d'état
|
1963
|
Ngo Dinh Diem
|
South Vietnam
|
President of South Vietnam
|
1963 South Vietnamese coup
|
1964
|
Nikita Khrushchev[4]
|
Soviet Union
|
First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|
Removed from office
|
1964
|
João Goulart
|
Brazil
|
24th President of Brazil
|
1964 Brazilian coup d'état
|
1966
|
Kwame Nkrumah
|
Ghana
|
1st President of Ghana
|
1966 Ghanaian coup d'état
|
1968
|
Alexander Dubček
|
Czechoslovakia
|
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
|
Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
|
1973
|
Eric Gairy
|
Grenada
|
Premier of Grenada
|
|
1974
|
Américo Tomás
|
Portugal
|
President of Portugal
|
Carnation Revolution
|
1974
|
Richard Nixon
|
United States
|
37th President of the United States
|
Resigned to avoid removal from office by impeachment process after the Watergate scandal
|
1975
|
Gough Whitlam
|
Australia
|
21st Prime Minister of Australia
|
1975 Australian constitutional crisis
|
1975
|
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
|
South Vietnam
|
President of South Vietnam
|
1975 spring offensive
|
1978
|
Mohammed Daoud Khan
|
Republic of Afghanistan
|
1st President of Afghanistan
|
Saur Revolution
|
1979
|
Idi Amin[5]
|
Uganda
|
3rd President of Uganda
|
Uganda–Tanzania War
|
1979
|
Anastasio Somoza Debayle
|
Nicaragua
|
President of Nicaragua
|
Nicaraguan Revolution
|
1979
|
Pol Pot
|
Democratic Kampuchea
|
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea
|
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
|
1979
|
Ian Smith
|
Rhodesia
|
Prime Minister of Rhodesia
|
Rhodesian Bush War
|
1979
|
Park Chung-hee
|
South Korea
|
3rd President of South Korea
|
Assassinated by Korean Central Intelligence Agency Director Kim Jae-gyu
|
1979
|
Hafizullah Amin
|
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
|
General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
|
Operation Storm-333
|
1982
|
Bachir Gemayel
|
Lebanon
|
President-elect of Lebanon
|
Lebanese Civil War
|
1983
|
Hudson Austin
|
Grenada
|
Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of Grenada
|
United States invasion of Grenada
|
1986
|
Jean-Claude Duvalier
|
Haiti
|
35th President of Haiti
|
Anti-Duvalier protest movement
|
1986
|
Ferdinand Marcos[6]
|
Philippines
|
10th President of the Philippines
|
People Power Revolution
|
1987
|
Habib Bourguiba
|
Tunisia
|
First President of Tunisia
|
1987 Tunisian coup d'état
|
1987
|
Thomas Sankara
|
Burkina Faso
|
President of Burkina Faso
|
1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état
|
1987
|
Chun Doo-hwan
|
South Korea
|
5th President of South Korea
|
June Democratic Struggle
|
1988
|
Ne Win
|
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
|
President of Burma
|
8888 Uprising
|
1989
|
Alfredo Stroessner[7]
|
Paraguay
|
42nd President of Paraguay
|
1989 Paraguayan coup d'état
|
1989
|
Erich Honecker[8]
|
East Germany
|
General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (effective leader of East Germany)
|
Peaceful Revolution
|
1989
|
Miloš Jakeš
|
Czechoslovakia
|
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
|
Velvet Revolution
|
1989
|
Todor Zhivkov[9]
|
Bulgaria
|
General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party
|
Revolutions of 1989
|
1989
|
Károly Grósz
|
Hungary
|
General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
|
End of communism in Hungary
|
1989
|
Manuel Noriega[10]
|
Panama
|
Military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989
|
United States invasion of Panama
|
1989
|
Nicolae Ceaușescu[11]
|
Romania
|
President of Romania
|
Romanian Revolution
|
1990
|
Hissène Habré
|
Chad
|
5th President of Chad
|
1990 Chadian coup d'état
|
1991
|
Siad Barre
|
Somalia
|
3rd President of Somalia
|
Somali Rebellion
|
1991
|
Mengistu Haile Mariam
|
Ethiopia
|
First President of Ethiopia
|
Forced to flee when the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front began winning the Ethiopian Civil War
|
1991
|
Mikhail Gorbachev
|
Soviet Union
|
1st President of the Soviet Union
|
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
|
1991, 2004
|
Jean-Bertrand Aristide
|
Haiti
|
39th President of Haiti
|
1991 Haitian coup d'état
|
1992
|
Mohammad Najibullah
|
Afghanistan
|
2nd President of Afghanistan
|
Afghan Civil War
|
1992
|
Joseph Saidu Momoh
|
Sierra Leone
|
2nd President of Sierra Leone
|
Sierra Leone Civil War
|
1992
|
Fernando Collor de Mello
|
Brazil
|
32nd President of Brazil
|
Impeachment and resignation
|
1993
|
Carlos Andrés Pérez
|
Venezuela
|
40th President of Venezuela
|
Impeachment
|
1993, 1999
|
Nawaz Sharif
|
Pakistan
|
12th and 14th Prime Minister of Pakistan
|
1999 Pakistani coup d'état
|
1994
|
Juvénal Habyarimana
|
Rwanda
|
2nd President of Rwanda
|
Assassinated by an unknown force before the Arusha Accords ending the Rwandan Civil War went into effect
|
1997
|
Mobutu Sese Seko
|
Zaire
|
President of Zaire
|
First Congo War
|
1998
|
Suharto
|
Indonesia
|
2nd President of Indonesia
|
Indonesian Revolution of 1998
|
1999
|
João Bernardo Vieira
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
2nd President of Guinea-Bissau
|
Guinea-Bissau Civil War
|
2000
|
Slobodan Milošević[12]
|
Serbia and Montenegro
|
3rd President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
|
Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
|
2001
|
Laurent-Désiré Kabila
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
3rd President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
Second Congo War
|
2001
|
Joseph Estrada
|
Philippines
|
14th President of the Philippines
|
Second EDSA Revolution
|
2001
|
Mullah Omar
|
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
|
Leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
|
United States invasion of Afghanistan
|
2002
|
Hugo Chávez
|
Venezuela
|
President of Venezuela
|
Reportedly resigned before the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt
|
2003
|
Saddam Hussein
|
Iraq
|
5th President of Iraq
|
Iraq War
|
2003
|
Charles Taylor[13]
|
Liberia
|
22nd President of Liberia
|
Second Liberian Civil War
|
2003
|
Eduard Shevardnadze
|
Georgia
|
1st President of Georgia
|
Rose Revolution
|
2004
|
Rolandas Paksas
|
Lithuania
|
3rd President of Lithuania
|
Impeachment
|
2005
|
Lucio Gutiérrez
|
Ecuador
|
43rd President of Ecuador
|
Removed from office
|
2010
|
Askar Akayev
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
1st President of Kyrgyzstan
|
Tulip Revolution
|
2006
|
Thaksin Shinawatra
|
Thailand
|
31st Prime Minister of Thailand
|
2006 Thai coup d'état
|
2009
|
Marc Ravalomanana
|
Madagascar
|
5th President of Madagascar
|
2009 Malagasy political crisis
|
2009
|
Manuel Zelaya
|
Honduras
|
52nd President of Honduras
|
2009 Honduran coup d'état
|
2010
|
Kurmanbek Bakiyev
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
2nd President of Kyrgyzstan
|
Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010
|
2011
|
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali[14]
|
Tunisia
|
2nd President of Tunisia
|
Tunisian Revolution
|
2011
|
Hosni Mubarak[15]
|
Egypt
|
4th President of Egypt
|
2011 Egyptian revolution
|
2011
|
Muammar Gaddafi
|
Libya
|
Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of Libya
|
First Libyan Civil War
|
2011
|
Ali Abdullah Saleh
|
Yemen
|
1st President of Yemen
|
Yemeni Revolution
|
2013
|
Mohamed Morsi
|
Egypt
|
5th President of Egypt
|
2013 Egyptian coup d'état
|
2014
|
Viktor Yanukovych
|
Ukraine
|
4th President of Ukraine
|
Revolution of Dignity
|
2014
|
Yingluck Shinawatra
|
Thailand
|
36th Prime Minister of Thailand
|
2014 Thai coup d'état
|
2016
|
Dilma Rousseff
|
Brazil
|
36th President of Brazil
|
Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff
|
2017
|
Park Geun-hye
|
South Korea
|
11th President of South Korea
|
Impeachment of Park Geun-hye
|
2017
|
Robert Mugabe
|
Zimbabwe
|
2nd President of Zimbabwe
|
2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état
|
2017
|
Yahya Jammeh
|
The Gambia
|
2nd President of the Gambia
|
2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
|
2018
|
Serzh Sargsyan
|
Armenia
|
3rd President of Armenia
|
2018 Armenian revolution
|
2019
|
Abdelaziz Bouteflika[16]
|
Algeria
|
7th President of Algeria
|
2019 Algerian protests
|
2019
|
Omar al-Bashir[17]
|
Sudan
|
7th President of Sudan
|
2019 Sudanese coup d'état
|
2021
|
Ashraf Ghani
|
Afghanistan
|
5th President of Afghanistan
|
2021 Taliban offensive
|
2021
|
Aung San Suu Kyi
|
Myanmar
|
State Counsellor of Myanmar
|
2021 Myanmar coup d'état
|
2022
|
Gotabaya Rajapaksa[18]
|
Sri Lanka
|
8th President of Sri Lanka
|
2022 Sri Lankan political crisis
|
2022
|
Imran Khan
|
Pakistan
|
22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan
|
2022 Pakistani constitutional crisis
|
2022
|
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
|
Burkina Faso
|
Interim President of Burkina Faso
|
September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état
|