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List of active separatist movements in Asia

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This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with current, active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

Afghanistan

Badakhshan (Near the Wakhan Corridor)

Azerbaijan

De facto state:

 Nagorno-Karabakh

Proposed state:

Lezgistan

Purposed autonomous area:

Talysh-Mughan

Burma/Myanmar

Arakan

Zo Asia

Kachin

Kawthoolei

Karenni

Mon State

Nagaland

Northern Arakan

Shan States

Wa State

Zale'n-gam

Zogam

Greater China

Main article: Separatist movements of China

The  People's Republic of China and the  Republic of China insist sole legitimacy of China against each other. Practically, the former is administering Mainland China and the two special administrative regions of  Hong Kong and  Macau and the latter is administering the Taiwan area.

Mainland China

Inner Mongolia

Tibet Autonomous Region

Xinjiang

Special administrative regions

Hong Kong

Macau

Taiwan area

Main articles: Political status of Taiwan and Taiwan independence

In perspective of the laws of the Republic of China, the Taiwan independence movement is considered as secessionism, but practically, the movement seeks to replace the ROC with the Republic of Taiwan because Taiwan area is the only practical region administered by the ROC.

In perspective of the laws of the People's Republic of China, the Taiwan indepndence movement is considered as secessionism, too because the PRC considers the Taiwan area as its integral part.

India

Main articles: List of proposed states and territories of India and Separatist movements of India
See also: Naxalite-Maoist insurgency and Insurgency in Northeast India

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Jammu and Kashmir

Manipur

Mizoram

Nagaland

Punjab

Tripura

Tamil Nadu

Indonesia

See also: List of active separatist movements in Oceania § Indonesia

Kalimantan

Minahasa[16][17]

  • Proposed state: Gerakan Kemerdekaan Minahasa

Riau[18]

  • Proposed state: Riau

South Moluccas

West Papua

Iran

Azerbaijan (Iran)

  • Ethnic group: Azerbaijan
    • Proposed state: South Azerbaijan or  Azerbaijan
    • Political party: CAMAH (South Azerbaijan National Liberation Movement), a Baku-based separatist organisation that advocates for the separation of Iranian Azerbaijan from Iran and unification with the Republic of Azerbaijan. According to them, the predominantly ethnic Persian provinces of Hamadan, Qazvin and Karaj and the whole of the ethnically mixed province of West Azerbaijan are parts of Azerbaijan.[21]

Turkmen Sahra

Khūzestān

Further information: Politics of Khūzestān Province

 Kurdistan

Balcochistan

Iraq

See: Minorities in Iraq

Breakaway state:

The Islamic State

Purposed states:

 Kurdistan

Ba'athist Iraq

 Assyria

Main articles: Assyrian nationalism and Assyrian struggle for independence

Turkmeneli

Sinjar

Israel

Proposed states:

State of Judea

Occupied territories:

 Palestine

Japan

Hokkaido [26][27]

Okinawa

Laos

Hmong ChaoFa

Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Lebanon

Hezbollah

Malaysia

Sarawak Sarawak[28][29]

  • Proposed state: Sarawak
  • Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak Association of People’s Aspirations (SAPA), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM)[28][30]

Sabah Sabah[28][29]

  • Proposed state: Sabah
  • Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM)[28][30]

Nepal

Madheshstan

Pakistan

Main article: Separatist movements of Pakistan

Balochistan [32]

Jammu & Kashmir

Sindh

Palestine

See: International recognition of Palestine/currently mostly occupied by Israel as part of the Palestinian territories

State of Judea

Philippines

Bangsamoro Region/Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

Cordillera Administrative Region

  • Ethnic group: Igorot
  • Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region[36]

Russian Federation

Main article: Secession in Russia
See also: List of active separatist movements in Europe § Russia, and Republics of Russia

 Sakha Republic

 Siberia (North Asia)

See also: Siberian regionalism

Tuva

Sri Lanka

 Tamil Eelam

Syria

Further information: Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War

Breakaway states:

The Islamic State

Western Kurdistan

Free Syria

Purposed states:

Caption=1920-1936, Alawite Territory, Alawite State, and Sanjak of Latakia.svg Alawite State

As-Suwayda

Aram

 Assyria

Occupied territories:

Golan Heights (occupied by Israel)

Tajikistan

Badakhshan

Thailand

Patani

UAE

Regions of Ras Al Khaimah against Ras Al Khaimah

Uzbekistan

Karakalpakstan

Vietnam

' Champa

Tây Nguyên

Cochinchina

Yemen

Aden

South Yemen

See also

References

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  4. ^ "モンゴル自由連盟党". Retrieved 2010-11-22.(JP)
  5. ^ "Speech of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to the European Parliament, Strasbourg". The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 2001-10-14. Retrieved 2009-04-11. [dead link‍]
  6. ^ "INTERNATIONAL TIBET INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT". International Tibet Independence Movement. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
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  8. ^ "Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA)". South Asia Terrorist Portal. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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  13. ^ "Sejumlah Kecamatan Perbatasan Ingin Gabung Malaysia" (in Indonesian). JPNN. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
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  16. ^ http://www.indonesiamatters.com/758/minahasa-nationalism/
  17. ^ http://www.nasty-bali.org/sulawesi-separatists.html
  18. ^ The Jakarta Post (2000). People’s Congress votes for Riau independence. February 2. [3], accessed July 2, 2009.
  19. ^ Saha, Santosh C. (2006). Perspectives on Contemporary Ethnic Conflict. Lexington Books. p. 63. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  20. ^ Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 2055. ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3. Retrieved 20 May 2011. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  21. ^ http://southazerbaijan.info/en/nizam.php
  22. ^ http://www.al-ahwaz.com/english/2009/index.php?page=news&a_p_no=1&w_p_no=1&ar_p_no=23-1-2008-1 National Libration [sic] Movement of Ahwaz
  23. ^ "Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan". Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  24. ^ Madiha Rashid al Madfai, Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974-1991, Cambridge Middle East Library, Cambridge University Press (1993). ISBN 0-521-41523-3. p. 21:"On 28 October 1974, the seventh Arab summit conference held in Rabat designated the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and reaffirmed their right to establish an independent state of urgency."
  25. ^ Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). Isolated states: a comparative analysis. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-521-40268-2. ISBN 0-521-40268-9.
  26. ^ http://www.fourwinds10.net/siterun_data/peace_freedom/patriots_and_protesters/news.php?q=1239483589
  27. ^ http://asiangazette.blogspot.com/2010/02/ainu-claim-independence-to-prime.html
  28. ^ a b c d "Group draws up self determination petition for Sarawak and Sabah". The Borneo Post. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  29. ^ a b "Many in Sabah, Sarawak don't want to be part of Malaysia, claims analyst". The Rakyat Post. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  30. ^ a b "Sabahan secession instigator unfazed by impending probe". The Star. 6 September 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  31. ^ [4]
  32. ^ http://www.balochvoice.com/
  33. ^ a b http://www.interaksyon.com/article/41288/milf-says-mnlf-joins-fray-on-side-of-bifm
  34. ^ http://fas.org/irp/world/para/asg.htm
  35. ^ http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Detail//?id=91937
  36. ^ http://car.neda.gov.ph/cordillera-solons-expressed-views-on-regional-autonomy/
  37. ^ [5]
  38. ^ Peacehalle.com
  39. ^ "Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO)". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  40. ^ G Vinod (4 September 2012). "Thai insurgents raise Malaysian flag". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  41. ^ Aulia Akbar (31 August 2012). "Pemberontak Thailand Kibarkan Bendera Malaysia" (in Indonesian). Okezone. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  42. ^ "Phiến quân đốt cờ Thái ở miền Nam bất ổn" (in Vietnamese). Bao Binh Dinh. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  43. ^ "Uzbekistan: Shadowy Group Agitates For 'Free Karakalpakstan'". Radio Free Europe. 2008-04-05. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  44. ^ "IOC-Champa". International Office of Champa. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  45. ^ "Montagnard Foundation home page". Montagnard Foundation. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  46. ^ "Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation". Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  47. ^ "Five killed at secessionist protest in south Yemen". London: BBC. 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
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