2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
space
m Undid this [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria&diff=920937075&oldid=920936485] If SOHR says Turkey acknowledged 5 soldiers killed that's not per Turkey, that's per SOHR. Turkey still says only 4 soldiers.
Line 43: Line 43:
| casualties1 = '''Per [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]:'''<ref name="syriahr341677">{{Cite news |url=http://www.syriahr.com/?p=341677 |date=12 October 2019 |work=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |access-date=12 October 2019 |language=ar |script-title=ar:72 ساعة من “نبع السلام”: 100 ألف نازح ونحو 30 شهيد مدني.. و27 قرية في أيدي تركيا والفصائل الموالية لها.. و148 قتيلا من “قسد” والجنود الأتراك والفصائل الموالية لأنقرة |trans-title=72 hours of "spring of peace": 100 thousand displaced and about 30 civilian martyrs .. 27 villages in the hands of Turkey and the factions loyal to it .. and 148 dead from the "SDF" and Turkish soldiers and factions loyal to Ankara}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} 59 killed<br />{{flagdeco|Turkey}} [[Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria|8 killed]]
| casualties1 = '''Per [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]:'''<ref name="syriahr341677">{{Cite news |url=http://www.syriahr.com/?p=341677 |date=12 October 2019 |work=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |access-date=12 October 2019 |language=ar |script-title=ar:72 ساعة من “نبع السلام”: 100 ألف نازح ونحو 30 شهيد مدني.. و27 قرية في أيدي تركيا والفصائل الموالية لها.. و148 قتيلا من “قسد” والجنود الأتراك والفصائل الموالية لأنقرة |trans-title=72 hours of "spring of peace": 100 thousand displaced and about 30 civilian martyrs .. 27 villages in the hands of Turkey and the factions loyal to it .. and 148 dead from the "SDF" and Turkish soldiers and factions loyal to Ankara}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} 59 killed<br />{{flagdeco|Turkey}} [[Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria|8 killed]]
----
----
'''Per Turkey:'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} 6 killed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/-3-soldiers-martyred-in-op-peace-spring-in-syria/1610567|title=3 soldiers martyred in Op Peace Spring in Syria|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/operation-peace-spring/4-syrian-national-army-fighters-martyred-in-ypg-pkk-ambush/1610194|title=4 Syrian National Army fighters martyred in YPG/PKK ambush|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rekabet.net/baris-pinari-harekatinda-suriye-milli-ordusundan-2-asker-sehit-oldu-n188996/|title=Barış Pınarı Harekatı'nda Suriye Milli Ordusu'ndan 2 asker şehit oldu|lang=tr|trans-title=Two soldiers from the Syrian National Army were killed in the operation of the Peace Spring|date=12 October 2019|work=Rekabet.net}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Turkey}} 5 killed<ref name="Syrian Observatory For Human Rights">{{cite web |title=Clashes continue violently in Ras al-Ayn city as intense air and ground strikes continue |url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=143735 |website=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=12 October 2019 |language=en |date=12 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://t24.com.tr/haber/baris-pinari-harekati-nda-3-asker-sehit-oldu,843297 |title=Barış Pınarı Harekâtı'nda 4 asker şehit oldu |date=11 October 2019 |work=T24 |access-date=11 October 2019|language=tr |trans-title=4 soldiers were killed in Operation Peace Spring}}</ref>
'''Per Turkey:'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} 6 killed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/-3-soldiers-martyred-in-op-peace-spring-in-syria/1610567|title=3 soldiers martyred in Op Peace Spring in Syria|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/operation-peace-spring/4-syrian-national-army-fighters-martyred-in-ypg-pkk-ambush/1610194|title=4 Syrian National Army fighters martyred in YPG/PKK ambush|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rekabet.net/baris-pinari-harekatinda-suriye-milli-ordusundan-2-asker-sehit-oldu-n188996/|title=Barış Pınarı Harekatı'nda Suriye Milli Ordusu'ndan 2 asker şehit oldu|lang=tr|trans-title=Two soldiers from the Syrian National Army were killed in the operation of the Peace Spring|date=12 October 2019|work=Rekabet.net}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Turkey}} 4 killed<ref name="Syrian Observatory For Human Rights">{{cite web |title=Clashes continue violently in Ras al-Ayn city as intense air and ground strikes continue |url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=143735 |website=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=12 October 2019 |language=en |date=12 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://t24.com.tr/haber/baris-pinari-harekati-nda-3-asker-sehit-oldu,843297 |title=Barış Pınarı Harekâtı'nda 4 asker şehit oldu |date=11 October 2019 |work=T24 |access-date=11 October 2019|language=tr |trans-title=4 soldiers were killed in Operation Peace Spring}}</ref>
| casualties2 = '''Per SOHR:'''<ref name="syriahr341677" /><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg|borner=no}} 81 killed
| casualties2 = '''Per SOHR:'''<ref name="syriahr341677" /><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg|borner=no}} 81 killed
----
----

Revision as of 06:17, 13 October 2019

For other Turkish military operations in Syria, see Turkish military intervention in Syria.
Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
Part of the Rojava conflict, Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War, and the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)

Ras al-Ayn bombing on 10 October 2019.
Date9 October 2019 – present
(4 years, 7 months, 1 week and 6 days)
Location
Northern parts of Aleppo, Hasakah, and Raqqa Governorates, Syria
Status

Ongoing

Belligerents
 Turkey
Syrian National Army[1][2]
 Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
Commanders and leaders
Hulusi Akar
(Minister of Defence)
Gen. Yaşar Güler
(Chief of the General Staff)[5]
Lt. Gen. Sinan Yayla
(2nd Army Commander)
Brig. Gen. Salim Idris
(Minister of Defence)
Sayf Abu Bakr
(Hamza Division Commander)[6]		 Mazlum Kobane
(Commander-in-Chief)
Riad Khamis al-Khalaf
(Tal Abyad Military Council Commander)
Imad Meno
(Serê Kanîyê Military Council Commander)[7]
Units involved
See order of battle See order of battle
Strength

Turkey Unknown

Unit Strengths
14,000[11]		 Unknown
Casualties and losses

Per SOHR:[12]
59 killed
8 killed

Per Turkey:
6 killed[13][14][15]
4 killed[16][17]

Per SOHR:[12]
81 killed

Per Turkey:
480 killed, wounded or captured[18]
28 civilians killed in Syria by TAF shelling[12] and 1 civilian killed by SDF shelling (per SOHR)[19]
18 civilians killed in Turkey by SDF shelling (per Turkey)[20][21]
9 civilians executed by the TFSA[22]
100,000 civilians displaced[23]

The 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, code-named by Turkey as Operation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı; Arabic: عملية نبع السلام), is an ongoing military operation[24] conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the Turkish-allied opposition Syrian National Army (SNA) against areas under the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES) and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).

On 6 October 2019, the Trump administration ordered American troops to withdraw from northeast Syria, where the United States had been supporting its Kurdish allies.[25] The military operation began on 9 October 2019 when the Turkish Air Force launched airstrikes on border towns.[26]

According to the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the operation is intended to expel the SDF—viewed as a terrorist organization by Turkey due to its ties with the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) but considered an ally against ISIL by the United States and its allies—from the border region as well as to create a 30 km-deep (20 mi) "safe zone" in Northern Syria where some of the 3.6 million Syrian refugees in Turkey would resettle.[11] As the proposed settlement zone is heavily Kurdish in demographic makeup, this intention has been criticized by critics as an attempt to force a drastic demographic change,[27][28][29] a criticism denied by Turkey by saying that it only intended to "correct" the demographics that Turkish officials asserted were changed by the SDF.[29][30][31]

The Turkish action was condemned by the European Union, the Arab League, Iran, Israel, India[32] and the United Kingdom as an assault on the territory of a sovereign and Arab state and an irresponsible destabilizing action with "potentially terrible" humanitarian consequences.[33] The Syrian government has blamed the Kurds for the Turkish offensive, because of their separatism and not negotiating with the government, but has also condemned the foreign invasion of Syrian territory.[34]

Background

Main article: Northern Syria Buffer Zone

Turkey and the United States struck a deal in August 2019 after months of Turkish threats to unilaterally invade Northern Syria. The United States viewed the Syrian Democratic Forces as one of its key allies in the military intervention against ISIL in Syria, while Turkey viewed the group as an extention of the Kurdistan Workers Party, which it considers a terrorist group. The agreement established the Northern Syria Buffer Zone, which aimed to dissipate tensions by addressing Turkey's security concerns with monitoring and joint patrols, while still allowing the NES to retain control over the areas that it had under its control at that time.[35][36] The agreement was received favorably by the US and SDF/NES, but Turkey was generally dissatisfied with it. Turkey's dissatisfaction led to numerous Turkish efforts to expand the area covered by the buffer zone, secure Turkish control over parts of it, or relocate millions of refugees into the zone, with all of these efforts failing in the face of firm SDF resistance and American ambivalence.[37]

Despite the official start of US-Turkish ground patrols, the dismantling of SDF fortifications, and the withdrawal of YPG units from parts of the buffer zone, tensions continued to rise as Turkey levied yet more demands on the SDF—all of which the SDF denied, as they felt that they had accepted a harsh compromise by permitting Turkish troops to take part in joint patrols with their American counterparts in Northern Syria.[38] Turkey's dissatisfaction with the status quo of the agreement grew into open hostility, with the Turkish president openly posing an ultimatum against the SDF.[39] The ultimatum was ignored by the group and Turkey declared its "deadline" to have expired at the start of October that same year.[40]

Prelude

American soldiers greet Turkish troops for a joint patrol in Northern Syria on 4 October 2019.

Preparations for the offensive began in early October, starting with the withdrawal of American forces from positions near the Turkish border, after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had a phone call with United States President Donald Trump about plans for a military operation against SDF-held areas east of the Euphrates river.[41][42] While the United States government has stated it does not support the Turkish-led offensive, the White House also announced on 6 October 2019 that it would not interfere, and would withdraw all United States personnel in the area to avoid a potential US-Turkish standoff; US Secretary of State Pompeo denied that this amounted to giving the TAF a green light to attack the SDF while a spokesman for the SDF called the withdrawal a betrayal by the United States.[25] The US also reportedly cutoff aid to the SDF in order not to arm them against a NATO ally.[43]

On 8 October 2019, the Turkish military reportedly bombed a convoy of weapons vehicles heading from Iraq into Syria destined for the SDF. However the SDF did not retaliate to the attack, and no casualties were reported as a result of the air strike.[44] On the same day Russian special forces opened a crossing on the Euphrates river between areas held by the Syrian Government and SDF in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate.[45] While the SDF claimed that the Syrian military was preparing to enter the city of Manbij in northeastern Aleppo, the Syrian government responded by saying the build up of the Syrian military near Manbij was being done in order to prevent the Turkish military from entering the city.[46] On the same day, Turkish forces shelled Ras al-Ayn and fired machine guns at the vicinity of the city.[47]

Timeline

A daily map of the Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria

9 October 2019

The operation began on 9 October 2019, with Turkish airstrikes and howitzers targeting the SDF-held towns of Tell Abyad, Ras al-Ayn where thousands of people were reported to have fled the town,[48] Ain Issa and Qamishli. The date is the anniversary of the PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan's expulsion from Syria in 1998, by the government of Hafez al-Assad.[2][49]

In response to the cross-border shelling, SDF's spokesman claimed that Turkey was targeting civilians.[50] Six rockets were later launched at the Turkish city of Nusaybin as a response by the PKK, and two reportedly hit the Turkish town Ceylanpınar.[51][52][53] The SDF also announced in response to the start of the Turkish operation they would be halting anti-ISIL operations,[54] and that two civilians had been killed.[55] In response to the airstrikes, the SDF has called upon the United States to establish a no-fly zone over northern Syria.[56]

By the end of the day, the Turkish military announced that the ground phase of the operation had begun from three points including Tell Abyad.[57]

10 October 2019

Before dawn on the morning of 10 October 2019, the Turkish military officially began the ground offensive against the SDF; they also announced that they had hit 181 targets in northern Syria, and 14,000 rebels backed by Turkey are also reportedly taking part in the Turkish-led offensive.[citation needed] The SDF said they repelled a Turkish advance into Tell Abyad.[2] Later during the day, clashes reportedly broke out between the SDF and Turkish-aligned forces near al-Bab.[58] Turkish-led forces made advances around the area of Tell Abyad and captured the villages of Tabatin and Al-Mushrifah.[59][dubious – discuss] By nightfall Turkish Armed Forces declared control of 11 villages. As fighting went on around Tell Abyad, the Syrian National Army announced it captured the villages of Mishrifah, Al-Hawi, Barzan, Haj Ali and a farm east of the city.[60][dubious – discuss][unreliable source?] During Turkish air strikes during the fighting, SDF claimed that the Turkish air force hit a prison that was holding captured ISIL fighters.[61][62] Turkish media reported in the late evening that 174 SDF fighters were killed, wounded or captured.[63]

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan claimed that day that 109 SDF fighters had been killed in the operation as well as an unspecified number of fighters wounded and captured. In a speech to lawmakers from his AKP party, President Erdogan also threatened to flood Europe with 3.6 million refugees if European nations continued to criticize the military operation, in particular if they labelled it an invasion.[64][65]

Protest in Berlin, Germany against Turkey's military offensive, 10 October 2019

A total 7 Turkish civilians were killed and 85 civilians were wounded by the SDF shelling in Turkey on the second day of the operation according to Turkish media.[66][67][68][69][70][71]

70,000 people have fled from border towns in the SDF following Turkish bombardment.[72][73]

According to Turkey's Ministry of National Defence, one Turkish soldier was killed by the YPG.[74]

11 October 2019

2 journalists were wounded in Nusaybin, when the building they were filming from came under fire from Qamishli across the border by SDF fighters. The incident was broadcast live on Turkish TV channels, according to Turkish sources.[75]

3 civilians were killed in Suruc by a SDF shelling.[76][77] In response to the attack, Turkey shelled Kobane, a community across the border from Suruc.[78] 8 more civilians were killed later in the day in Nusaybin and 35 were injured by SDF mortar attack, raising the total civilians killed by SDF shelling in Turkey to 18, according to Turkish sources.[79][80][81]

7 civilians were killed in Syria by Turkish forces in the Tal Abyad area including 3 killed by Turkish snipers according to SOHR.[82]

As reported on this day, according to the Turkish Ministry of National Defence, a total of 399 SDF fighters were killed, captured or wounded since the start of the Turkish military operation.[83]

The Syrian National Army claimed to have taken the village of Halawa which is southeast of Tel Abyad.[84] TAF and SNA announced the capture of Tell Halaf later in the day and released a video from inside the town.[85]

In the city of Qamishli, a suspected ISIL car bomb killed 5 civilians, while an alleged Turkish artillery strike hit a nearby prison, and five suspected ISIL members, previously detained in SDF custody, escaped.[86]

In the city of Kobanî, a U.S. special forces base reportedly experienced heavy shelling by Turkish artillery; the U.S. troops did not retaliate, but withdrew after the shelling ended. Turkey responded by denying that it targeted the U.S. base, instead asserting that it had fired upon SDF positions.[87] According to Turkish Defense Minister, the mortar attack targeting the town of Suruc earlier in the day was deliberately launched 1000 meters from the US base in Kobani by SDF to avoid Turkish retaliation and the attack was in response.[88]

On the same day, Jaysh al-Islam announced it would be joining the offensive on the side of Turkey from their bases in areas in Afrin and Northern Aleppo.[89]

The BBC reported that 100,000 people have fled their homes in northern Syria. The Kurdish Red Crescent (Heyva Sor) said there had been 11 confirmed civilian deaths so far. Turkey's military confirmed a soldier's death, and said three others had been wounded.[90]

Turkey's Ministry of National Defence announced that three more soldiers had been killed by the YPG, two of which were killed in a mortar attack on a Turkish military base in a Turkish-occupied part of Syria. This brought the total amount of Turkish soldiers killed in the operation to four.[74] The SOHR reported that the actual number of Turkish soldiers killed in the operation was six.[91] Later in the day, the SOHR reported that at least 12 Turkish border guards were either killed or wounded in a confrontation with the SDF in Kobanî.[92]

12 October 2019

Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National army claimed to have reached the M4 highway, 32 km deep into Syrian territory and effectively cutting the supply line between Manbij and Qamishli.[93] SNA also announced that they have taken 18 villages close to M4 highway, eastern Raqqah.[94] According to Kurdish sources, Kurdish local politician Hevrin Khalaf was executed near Qamishli by Turkish-backed troops, her death was later confirmed by the SOHR.[95] SOHR further reported that at least 9 civilians had been executed by the Turkish-backed troops.[96]

Turkish interior minister Süleyman Soylu announced that nearly 300 mortar shells had been fired at Mardin Province by the SDF since the start of the operation.[97]

Around 12:00 (UTC+03:00), the TAF and SNA said that they had captured Ras al-Ayn,[98][99] but the SDF denied that Turkey had taken control of the city.[100][101]

13 October 2019


Reactions

Main article: Reactions to the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
A map depicting International reactions to Turkey's 2019 operation in northern Syria.
International reactions to Turkey's 2019 operation in northern Syria at a glance. See Reactions to the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria for more information.[original research?]

Arrests in Turkey

See also: 2016–present purges in Turkey and Censorship in Turkey

Turkish police detained more than 120 online critics of the Turkish invasion for spreading "terrorist propaganda".[102][103] Turkish prosecutor opened an investigation into "terrorist propaganda" against MPs Sezai Temelli and Pervin Buldan, co-leaders of the pro-Kurdish HDP party.[104] Turkish authorities have detained web editor of opposition BirGün newspaper and managing editor of the online news portal Diken.[105]

Further concerns

There are concerns about a possible resurgence of the Islamic State (ISIL) in the region, as the Kurdish SDF—who conducted operations against ISIL and held the ISIL captives in the region—are left to fend off the Turkish offensive and thus could lose control.[106][107] When asked about the situation after the withdrawal of US forces in northeastern Syria, US President Donald Trump dismissed the threat of ISIL, remarking that "they're going to be escaping to Europe".[108][109] The Pentagon further raised concerns that the Turkish Army deliberately bracketed US Forces stationed in Kobani with artillery fire.[110]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to October 2019 Turkish military operation in Syria.

References

  1. ^ "Heavy fighting as Turkey pushes into north Syria". BBC News. 10 October 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
  2. ^ a b c "Turkey-Syria border: All the latest updates". www.aljazeera.com. 10 October 2019.
  3. ^ القوات التركية تقضم مزيد من المواقع برفقة الفصائل الموالية لها وترفع إلى 31 تعداد المناطق التي سيطرت عليها في تل أبيض ورأس العين منذ انطلاق عملية “نبع السلام” [Turkish forces, with the factions loyal to them, gain more ground, raising the number of areas it controls in Tel Abyad and Ras Al-Ain to 31 since the launch of the "Operation Peace Spring"]. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (in Arabic). 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  4. ^ "Turkish forces capture centre of key Syrian border town | CTV News". www.ctvnews.ca.
  5. ^ "Harekat ile ilgili çalışmalarımız devam ediyor" [Minister of National Defense Akar: Operations are continuing]. www.aa.com.tr (in Turkish). 9 October 2019.
  6. ^ Şafak, Yeni. "Free Syrian Army ready for potential new operation". Yeni Şafak.
  7. ^ ÇAKSU, ERSİN (11 October 2019). "Not a single house captured by the enemy in Serekaniye". ANF News. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  8. ^ Bey, Emre. "Son dakika: Barış Pınarı Harekatında Son Durum Nedir, Şehit veya Gazi Var Mı?" [Last minute: What is the latest situation in the operation of Peace Spring, Is there a martyr or a veteran?]. Banka Haberi (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  9. ^ "Barış Pınarı Harekatı'nda milli silahlar dikkat çekti" [National operations attracted attention at the Operation Peace Spring]. Son Dakika (in Turkish). 11 October 2019.
  10. ^ a b c "İşte 'Barış Pınarı Harekatı'nda kullanılan silahlar" [Here are the weapons used in the Operation 'Peace Spring']. CNN Turk (in Turkish). 10 October 2019. p. 8. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  11. ^ a b "Turkey begins ground offensive in northeastern Syria". Al Jazeera. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  12. ^ a b c 72 ساعة من “نبع السلام”: 100 ألف نازح ونحو 30 شهيد مدني.. و27 قرية في أيدي تركيا والفصائل الموالية لها.. و148 قتيلا من “قسد” والجنود الأتراك والفصائل الموالية لأنقرة [72 hours of "spring of peace": 100 thousand displaced and about 30 civilian martyrs .. 27 villages in the hands of Turkey and the factions loyal to it .. and 148 dead from the "SDF" and Turkish soldiers and factions loyal to Ankara]. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (in Arabic). 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  13. ^ "3 soldiers martyred in Op Peace Spring in Syria". www.aa.com.tr.
  14. ^ "4 Syrian National Army fighters martyred in YPG/PKK ambush". www.aa.com.tr.
  15. ^ "Barış Pınarı Harekatı'nda Suriye Milli Ordusu'ndan 2 asker şehit oldu" [Two soldiers from the Syrian National Army were killed in the operation of the Peace Spring]. Rekabet.net (in Turkish). 12 October 2019.
  16. ^ "Clashes continue violently in Ras al-Ayn city as intense air and ground strikes continue". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  17. ^ "Barış Pınarı Harekâtı'nda 4 asker şehit oldu" [4 soldiers were killed in Operation Peace Spring]. T24 (in Turkish). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  18. ^ https://www.aa.com.tr/en/operation-peace-spring/480-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkeys-anti-terror-op/1611791
  19. ^ "About 10 citizens were killed or injured due to rocket shelling carried out by the forces of "Jarabulus Military Council" on the city of Jarabulus north-east of Aleppo". 10 October 2019.
  20. ^ "Turkey Says It Captured a Key Syrian Border Town". Time. 12 October 2019.
  21. ^ "Suriye operasyonu – Harekatın başladığı günden bu yana en az 18 sivil ve dört asker hayatını kaybetti". Medyascope. 12 October 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  22. ^ "Pro-Turkey rebels 'execute' nine civilians in Syria". The Daily Star Lebanon. Agence France-Presse. 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  23. ^ "100,000 flee as Turkey steps up Syria offensive". BBC News. 11 October 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
  24. ^ Fraser, Suzan (9 October 2019). "Invasion of northeast Syria carries gain and risk for Turkey". Associated Press. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  25. ^ a b "Trump makes way for Turkey operation against Kurds in Syria". BBC News. 7 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  26. ^ Bethan McKernan (9 October 2019). "Turkey launches military operation in northern Syria". The Guardian.
  27. ^ Candar, Cengiz (30 September 2019). "Erdogan's Syria plan: Resettling the Syrian refugees or ousting Kurds from their land?". Al-Monitor.
  28. ^ "Syria is witnessing a violent demographic re-engineering". Financial Times.
  29. ^ a b "Turkey's plan to settle refugees in northeast Syria alarms allies". Reuters. 8 October 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  30. ^ Dockery, Wesley (9 October 2019). "Turkey Begins Military Operation Against Kurds After Trump Pulls Troops In Northern Syria". International Business Times.
  31. ^ "After US green light, Turkey prepares military operation in Syria". Arab News. 7 October 2019.
  32. ^ "India slams Turkey for its 'unilateral military offensive' in northeast Syria | India News – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  33. ^ "World reacts to Turkey's military operation in northeast Syria". Al Jazeera.
  34. ^ "Syria blames Kurdish forces for Turkish military offensive". Xinhua Net. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  35. ^ "Safe Zone: Existing Project But Deferred Details". Enab Baladi. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  36. ^ Kurdistan24. "SDF command reveals details about buffer zone in northeast Syria". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 9 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ "Turkey says U.S. stalling on Syria 'safe zone', will act alone if needed". Reuters. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  38. ^ "Erdoğan cites U.S.-Turkey disagreement over safe zone as joint patrols begin in Syria". Ahval. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  39. ^ "Turkey to initiate own plans if safe zone deal fails". TRT World. 18 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ "Turkey's Syria 'safe zone' deadline expires". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  41. ^ Simkins, J. D. (8 October 2019). "Trump on pulling US troops out of Syria: 'We're not a police force'". Military Times.
  42. ^ Crowley, Michael; Gall, Carlotta (8 October 2019). "In Trump, Turkey's Erdogan Keeps Finding a Sympathetic Ear". The New York Times.
  43. ^ Hubbard, Ben; Gall, Carlotta (9 October 2019). "Turkey Launches Offensive Against U.S.-Backed Syrian Militia". The New York Times.
  44. ^ "Report: Turkish warplanes bombing Kurdish targets in northeast Syria". Ynetnews. 10 July 2019.
  45. ^ "Russian Special Forces open new Euphrates crossing between SDF, SAA lines: photos". Al-Masdar News. 7 October 2019.
  46. ^ "Kurdish-led SDF claim Syrian Army is preparing to capture Manbij". Al-Masdar News. 8 October 2019.
  47. ^ "The Turkish forces target the vicinity of Ras Al-Ayn area by shells and heavy machineguns, in conjunction with the arrival of new batches of factions loyal to Turkey to the latter's territory in the frame of the anticipated military operation • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 8 October 2019.
  48. ^ "Civilians flee Syrian border towns as Turkish warplanes, artillery kick off offensive". Reuters. 9 October 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  49. ^ McKernan, Bethan (9 October 2019). "Turkey launches military operation in northern Syria". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  50. ^ "Turkey begins military offensive in Syria: Live updates". www.cnn.com. 9 October 2019.
  51. ^ "YPG/PKK'lı teröristlerin attığı roket Nusaybin'e düştü | STAR". Star.com.tr.
  52. ^ "Nusaybin ve Ceylanpınar'a havan mermisi düştü!". takvim.com.tr.
  53. ^ "Turkey launches assault on Syrian Kurdish forces". AFP.com.
  54. ^ "EXCLUSIVE-US-backed Syrian forces halt counter-Islamic State operations -sources". news.yahoo.com.
  55. ^ "Turkey launches Syria offensive with air strikes". BBC News. 9 October 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
  56. ^ "'Panic' as Turkish Ground Troops Push into Northeast Syria, 'Humanitarian Catastrophe' Feared by Kurdish Civilians". 9 October 2019.
  57. ^ "Barış Pınarı'nda kara harekatı da başladı". www.haberturk.com.
  58. ^ "Renewed clashes between the Kurdish forces and pro-Turkey factions in the north-eastern parts of Aleppo countryside • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 10 October 2019.
  59. ^ "- TSK, Tel Erkam Köyüne Yakın Bağlantı Yolunu Kontrol Altına Aldı- Tabatin ve Al-mushrifah Köyleri..." Haberler.com.
  60. ^ @BarisKaynagi_sy (10 October 2019). قوات الجيش الوطني تحرر قريتي مشرفة الحاوي و برزان ومزرعتي حاج علي وبني مشهور شرق مدينة تل ابيض بعد دحر عصابات PKK/PYD الإرهابية ضمن عملية نبع السلام. [The National Army forces liberate the villages of Mishrifah Al-Hawi, Barzan and Haj Ali and Bani Mashhour farms east of Tall Abyad city after the PKK / PYD terrorist gangs were defeated in Operation Spring of Peace.] (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  61. ^ "Trump says jihadists 'will be escaping to Europe' in potential jailbreak". 10 October 2019.
  62. ^ "Hain saldırı... Bir acı haber daha: 7 şehit, 85 yaralı". www.hurriyet.com.tr.
  63. ^ "228 YPG terrorists neutralized in Turkey's Operation Peace Spring". DailySabah.
  64. ^ "Erdogan threatens to flood Europe with 3.6 million refugees if EU calls Turkish operation in Syria an 'invasion'". 10 October 2019.
  65. ^ "109 'terrorists' killed in Turkish offensive in Syria, says Erdogan". The Irish Times. 10 October 2019.
  66. ^ "Hainler Akçakale'de sivilleri hedef aldı" [Terrorists targeted civilians in Akçakale] (in Turkish). 10 October 2019.
  67. ^ "Son dakika: Şanlıurfa ve Mardin'de hain saldırı: 7 sivil şehit" [Last minute: treacherous attack in Sanliurfa and Mardin: 7 civilian martyrs]. Haber Turk (in Turkish).
  68. ^ "YPG sivilleri hedef aldı! Biri bebek 5 şehit" [YPG targets civilians! One of the martyrs is a 5 year old baby] (in Turkish). 11 October 2019.
  69. ^ "21 ayrı noktaya havan düştü: 2 şehit, 46 yaralı" [Mortar fell to 21 points: 2 martyrs, 46 injured] (in Turkish). 11 October 2019.
  70. ^ "Nusaybin'de 3 ayrı noktaya havan saldırısı: 3 şehit, 24 yaralı" [Mortar attack on 3 different points in Nusaybin: 3 martyrs, 24 injured] (in Turkish). 10 October 2019.
  71. ^ "Terör örgütü'nün saldırısında bir anne ve 2 kızı şehit düştü" [Terrorist organization attacked a mother and 2 daughters killed]. Memurlar.Net (in Turkish). 10 October 2019.
  72. ^ Gall, Carlotta; Kingsley, Patrick (10 October 2019). "Shells Fired into Turkey as Syria Offensive Extends into 2nd Day". The New York Times.
  73. ^ "Turkey presses Syrian assault as thousands flee the fighting". 10 October 2019.
  74. ^ a b "The Latest". The Washington Post. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  75. ^ Şafak, Yeni (11 October 2019). "YPG/PKK gazetecilerin olduğu restorana ateş açtı: 2 gazeteci yaralandı". Yeni Şafak.
  76. ^ "YPG'nin Suruç'a saldırısında sivil şehit sayısı 3'e yükseldi".
  77. ^ "Son dakika... Terör örgütü YPG'den sivillere alçak saldırı: İki ilçemizde şehit ve yaralılar var". CNN Türk.
  78. ^ "Barış Pınarı Harekatı'nda Ayn El Arab'daki terör hedefleri, top atışları ile vuruldu". Mynet Haber.
  79. ^ "Nusaybin'e havan saldırısı: 2 şehit". 11 October 2019.
  80. ^ "Nusaybin'de sivillere havanlı saldırı: 8 şehit".
  81. ^ "Eight killed in Turkish border town in YPG attack: Governor's office". Reuters. 11 October 2019.
  82. ^ "Turkish Forces killed 7 civilians as they try to escape the fire, and continued their attacks on Tal Abyad and Ras al-Ayn with large land and air support • the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights". 11 October 2019.
  83. ^ "399 terrorists neutralized by Turkey's anti-terror op". www.aa.com.tr.
  84. ^ @BarisKaynagi_sy (11 October 2019). قوات الجيش الوطني تحرر قرية حلاوة جنوب شرق مدينة تل ابيض بعد دحر عصابات PKK/PYD الإرهابية ضمن عملية نبع السلام. [The National Army forces liberate the village of Halawa, southeast of the city of Tal Abyad, after the PKK / PYD terrorist gangs were defeated in Operation Spring of Peace.] (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  85. ^ "Suriye Milli Ordusu Tel Halef köyündeki terör örgütü paçavralarını indirdi" [Syrian National Army lowered the rags of terrorist organization in Tel Khalef village]. TRT Haber (in Turkish). 11 October 2019.
  86. ^ Sanchez, Raf (11 October 2019). "Dispatch: Anger on Turkish border as conflict reveals contradiction at the heart of Western Syria policy". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  87. ^ O'Connor, Tom; LaPorta, James; Jamali, Naveed (11 October 2019). "EXCLUSIVE: TURKEY ATTACKS US SPECIAL FORCES IN SYRIA, APPARENTLY BY MISTAKE". Newsweek. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  88. ^ "TSK ABD gözlem noktasını vurdu mu".
  89. ^ Jaysh al-Islam [@jaishalislam] (11 October 2019). لقاءات جمعت قادة #جيش_الإسلام مع المقاتلين في قطاعي #درع_الفرات و #غصن_الزيتون، تخللها توجيهات وإرشادات عسكرية وشرعية والتذكير بالانضباط وغير ذلك، بالتزامن مع التجهيزات لانطلاق مقاتلينا إلى محاورهم في عملية #نبع_السلام. [Meetings of the #Islamic Army leaders with the fighters in the sectors of the #Euphrates shield and #Gusun_alzaytoon, including military and legal guidance and reminders of discipline and others, in conjunction with the preparations for the departure of our fighters to their axes in the process of #Nab_Salam.] (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  90. ^ "Turkey Syria offensive: 100,000 flee homes as assault continues". BBC News. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  91. ^ "The areas of Ras Al-Ayn, Tal Abyad, Al-Darbasiyyah and Al-Qamishli witness violent clashes and intense ground shelling". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  92. ^ "Information about the killing and injury of 12 members of the Turkish Border Guard Forces in clashes against the SDF at the border strip in the area of Ayn Al-Arab (Kobani)". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  93. ^ "SON DAKİKA! Barış Pınarı Harekatı'nda çok önemli gelişme! Stratejik noktaya ulaşıldı". Sabah.
  94. ^ "Son dakika haberi: MSB duyurdu! Rasulayn kontrol altına alındı".
  95. ^ Bergløff, Charlotte Berrefjord (12 October 2019). "Kurdisk politiker skal være drept i Syria". NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  96. ^ France-Presse, Agence (13 October 2019). "Female Kurdish politician among nine civilians killed by pro-Turkey forces in Syria, observers say". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  97. ^ "Bakan Soylu açıkladı! 'Mardin'e 300'e yakın havan mermisi düştü' - Akşam". aksam.com.tr.
  98. ^ "Suriye Milli Ordusu, Resulayn'ı kontrol altına aldı". Timeturk.com.
  99. ^ "Resulayn'da kontrol ele geçirildi! İşte YPG'nin elindeki ABD zırhlıları!".
  100. ^ ERSİN ÇAKSU; RUKEN CEMAL (12 October 2019). "SDF Serêkaniyê commander Amude: The city is under our control". ANF News. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  101. ^ Editorial Staff (12 October 2019). "Syrian Kurds deny Turkey has taken battleground border Serêkaniyê town". Ekurd.net. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  102. ^ "Turkish public, politicians voice support for Syria military push". Al-Jazeera. 10 October 2019.
  103. ^ "Turkey's military operation in Syria: All the latest updates". Al-Jazeera. 11 October 2019.
  104. ^ "Turkish police investigate Kurdish leaders, fire water cannon at protesters". Reuters. 10 October 2019.
  105. ^ "Turkish authorities launch legal action against 78 people". Hürriyet Daily News. 10 October 2019.
  106. ^ Gall, Carlotta; Kingsley, Patrick (11 October 2019). "ISIS Rears Its Head, Adding to Chaos as Turkey Battles Kurds". The New York Times.
  107. ^ Sly, Liz; Ryan, Missy (11 October 2019). "Turkey's invasion of Syria puts Islamic State fight on hold at a critical time". Washington Post.
  108. ^ Cooper, Charlie (10 October 2019). "Trump shrugs off ISIS fighters fleeing Syria: They'll 'be escaping to Europe'". POLITICO.
  109. ^ Choi, David (9 October 2019). "Trump brushes off worries that freed ISIS prisoners will be a threat: 'They're going to be escaping to Europe.'". Business Insider.
  110. ^ Lamothe, Dan (12 October 2019). "U.S. forces say Turkey was deliberately 'bracketing' American troops with artillery fire in Syria". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria&oldid=920997829"