2018 Winter Olympics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by SS49 (talk | contribs) at 08:01, 30 August 2018 (minor chandes). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

"PyeongChang 2018" redirects here. For the Winter Paralympics, see 2018 Winter Paralympics.

PyeongChang 2018 Olympic official emblem
MottoPassion. Connected.
(Korean: 하나된 열정., Hanadoen Yeoljeong)
Nations92
Athletes2,922 (1,680 men and 1,242 women)
Opened by
President Moon Jae-in
Cauldron
Kim Yun-a
Winter
Summer
Pyeongchang Winter Olympics
Hangul
평창 동계 올림픽 대회
Hanja
平昌冬季올림픽大會
Revised RomanizationPyeongchang Donggye Ollimpik Daehoe
McCune–ReischauerP'yŏngch'ang Tonggye Ollimp'ik Taehoe
XXIII Olympic Winter Games
Hangul
제23회 동계 올림픽 대회
Hanja
第二十三回冬季올림픽大會
Revised RomanizationJeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik Daehoe
McCune–ReischauerCheisipsamhoe Tonggye Ollimp'ik Taehoe
Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2018 Winter Olympics

The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제23회 동계 올림픽, romanized: Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony.

Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

The Games featured 102 events over fifteen disciplines in seven sports, with the addition of "big air" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing to the Winter Olympic programme. 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed, including the debuts of Ecuador, Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore. After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics, the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended, and selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the IOC designation of "Olympic Athletes from Russia". Despite tense relations, North Korea agreed to participate in the Games, enter with South Korea during the opening ceremony as a unified Korea, and field a unified team in women's ice hockey.

Norway led the total medal tally with 39, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29.[1] Germany and Norway were tied for the most gold medals won; both won fourteen golds. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics, five of which were gold.

Bidding and election

Main article: Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics
Pyeongchang Card, which Jacques Rogge, former IOC president, announced.

Pyeongchang bid to host both the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, but lost in the final rounds of voting to Vancouver and Sochi respectively.[2]

Munich also launched a bid to host these Games. Prior to Beijing's successful 2022 Winter Olympics bid, Munich would have become the first city to host both the Winter and the Summer Games, having previously hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, but received only 25 votes. Annecy (in southeastern France) launched their own bid, which failed to secure public support from the local citizens. Their bid ended up receiving seven votes.[3]

Pyeongchang was elected as the host city at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban in 2011, earning the necessary majority of at least 48 votes in just one round of voting, more votes than its competitors combined. With this, Pyeongchang became the third Asian city to host the Winter Games; the first two were in Japan, at Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998).[4][5]

2018 Winter Olympics bidding results
City Nation Votes
Pyeongchang  South Korea 63
Munich  Germany 25
Annecy  France 7

Development and preparation

Pyeongchang is located in South Korea
Pyeongchang
Pyeongchang
class=notpageimage|
Location in South Korea

On 5 August 2011, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced the formation of the Pyeongchang 2018 Coordination Commission.[6][7] On 4 October 2011, it was announced that the Organizing Committee for the 2018 Winter Olympics would be headed by Kim Jin-sun. The Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Winter Games (POCOG) was launched at its inaugural assembly on 19 October 2011. The first tasks of the organizing committee were putting together a master plan for the Games as well as forming a design for the venues.[8] The IOC Coordination Commission for the 2018 Winter Olympics made their first visit to Pyeongchang in March 2012. By then, construction was already underway on the Olympic Village.[9][10] In June 2012, construction began on a high-speed rail line that would connect Pyeongchang to Seoul.[11]

The International Paralympic Committee met for an orientation with the Pyeongchang 2018 organizing committee in July 2012.[12] Then-IOC President Jacques Rogge visited Pyeongchang for the first time in February 2013.[13]

The Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Winter Games created Pyeongchang WINNERS in 2014 by recruiting university students living in South Korea to spread awareness of the Olympic Games through social networking services and news articles.[14]

2018 Olympics gold medal

Medals

The design for the Games' medals was unveiled on 21 September 2017. Created by Lee Suk-woo, the design features a pattern of diagonal ridges on both sides, with the Olympic rings on the front, and the obverse showing the 2018 Olympics' emblem, the event name and the discipline. The edge of each medal is marked with extrusions of hangul alphabets, while the ribbons are made from a traditional South Korean textile.[15]

2018 Winter Olympics torch

Torch relay

Main article: 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay

The torch relay started on 24 October 2017 in Greece and ended at the start of the Olympics on 9 February 2018. On 1 November 2017 the relay entered Korea. The relay lasted 101 days. There were 7,500 torch bearers to represent the Korean population of 75 million people. There were also 2,018 support runners to guard the torch and act as messengers.

The torch and its bearers traveled by a diverse means of transportation, including by turtle ship in Hansando Island, sailboat on the Baengmagang River in Buyeo, marine cable car in Yeosu, zip-wire over Bamseom Island, steam train in the Gokseong Train Village, marine rail bike along the east coast in Samcheok, and by yacht in Busan Metropolitan City.

There were also robot torch relays in Jeju and Daejeon.[16]

Venues

Olympic venues 2018
Main article: Venues of the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics
Dragon Valley (Alpensia) Ski Resort

Most of the outdoor snow events were held in the county of Pyeongchang, while the downhill, combined and super-G events in the Alpine skiing were held in the neighboring county of Jeongseon. The indoor ice events were held in the nearby city of Gangneung.

Pyeongchang (mountain cluster)

The Alpensia Sports Park in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, was the focus of the 2018 Winter Olympics.[17][18] It was home to the Olympic Stadium,[19] the Olympic Village and most of the outdoor sports venues.

Additionally, a stand-alone outdoor sports venue was located in Bongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang:

Another stand-alone outdoor sports venue was located in Pyeongchang's neighboring county of Jeongseon:

Gangneung (coastal cluster)

The Gangneung Olympic Park in the city of Gangneung includes four indoor sports venues, all in close proximity to one another.

Additionally, a stand-alone indoor sports venue was located in the grounds of Catholic Kwandong University.

Ticketing

Ticket prices for the 2018 Winter Olympics were announced in April 2016 and tickets went on sale in October 2016. Event tickets ranged in price from ₩20,000 South Korean won (approx. US$17) to ₩900,000 (~US$787) while tickets for the opening and closing ceremonies ranged from ₩220,000 (~US$192) to ₩1.5 million (~US$1311). The exact prices were determined through market research; around 50% of the tickets were expected to cost about ₩80,000 (~US$70) or less, and tickets in sports that are relatively unknown in the region, such as biathlon and luge, were made cheaper in order to encourage attendance. By contrast, figure skating and the men's ice hockey gold-medal game carried the most expensive tickets of the Games.[20]

As of 11 October 2017, domestic ticket sales for the Games were reported to be slow. Of the 750,000 seats allocated to South Koreans, only 20.7% had been sold. International sales were more favorable, with 59.7% of the 320,000 allocated tickets sold.[21][22] However, as of 31 January 2018, 77% of all tickets had been sold.[23]

The Games

Parade of Nations at 2018 Olympic Opening Ceremony

Opening ceremony

Main article: 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 9 February 2018; the US$100 million facility was only intended to be used for the opening and closing ceremonies of these Olympics and the subsequent Paralympics, and is scheduled to be demolished following their conclusion.[24][25][26]

Sports

The 2018 Winter Olympics featured 102 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports,[27] making it the first Winter Olympics to surpass 100 medal events. Six new events in existing sports were introduced to the Winter Olympic program in Pyeongchang: men's and ladies' big air snowboarding, mixed doubles curling, men's and ladies' mass start speed skating, and mixed team alpine skiing.[27][28]

  1. Biathlon
  2. Bobsleigh
  3. Curling
  4. Ice hockey
  5. Luge
  6. Skating
  7. Skiing

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.

Participating National Olympic Committees

A total of 92 teams qualified at least one athlete to compete in the Games. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed in the table below (number of athletes shown in parentheses). Six nations made their Winter Olympics debut: Ecuador, Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore.[29][30] Athletes from three further countries – the Cayman Islands, Dominica and Peru – qualified to compete, but all three National Olympic Committees returned the quota spots back to the International Ski Federation (FIS).[31]

Under an historic agreement facilitated by the IOC, qualified athletes from North Korea were allowed to cross the Korean Demilitarized Zone into South Korea to compete in the Games.[32][33][34] The two nations marched together under the Korean Unification Flag during the opening ceremony.[35][36] A unified Korean team, consisting of 12 players from North Korea and 23 from South Korea, competed in the women's ice hockey tournament under a special IOC country code designation (COR) following talks in Panmunjom on 17 January 2018.[37] The two nations also participated separately: the South Korea team competed in every sport and the North Korea team competed in alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, figure skating and short track speed skating.[38] See North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics for further details.

On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that the Russian Olympic Committee had been suspended due to the Russian doping controversy and the investigation into the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Individual Russian athletes, who qualified and could demonstrate they had complied with the IOC's doping regulations, were given the option to compete at the 2018 Games as "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) under the Olympic flag and with the Olympic anthem played at any ceremony.[39]

  The participating countries at the Winter Olympics 2018
  Debuting countries at the Winter Olympics
Participating National Olympic Committees[40][41][42][43][44][45]
NOCs that participated in 2014, but not in 2018. NOCs that participated in 2018, but not in 2014.

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee

a Apart from the respective delegations, North Korea and South Korea formed a unified Korean women's ice hockey team.
b Russian athletes participated as Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) if individually cleared by the IOC.

Event scheduling

To accommodate primetime broadcasts in the Americas, figure skating events were scheduled with morning start times; figure skating is one of the most popular Winter Olympic sports among U.S. viewers. This scheduling practice affected the events themselves, including skaters having to adjust to the modified schedule, as well as the attendance levels of the sessions themselves.[46]

Conversely, and somewhat controversially, eight of the eleven biathlon events were scheduled at night, making it necessary for competitors to ski and shoot under floodlights, with colder temperatures and blustery winds.[47]

Calendar

See also: Chronological summary of the 2018 Winter Olympics
All dates are KST (UTC+9)

Template:2018 Winter Olympics Calendar

Medal table

Main article: 2018 Winter Olympics medal table

  *   Host nation (South Korea[48])

RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Norway14141139
2 Germany1410731
3 Canada1181029
4 United States98623
5 Netherlands86620
6 Sweden76114
7 South Korea*58417
8 Switzerland56415
9 France54615
10 Austria53614
11–30Remaining20294190
Totals (30 entries)103102102307

Podium sweeps

Three podium sweeps were recorded during the Games.

Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze Ref
10 February Speed skating Women's 3000 metres  Netherlands Carlijn Achtereekte Ireen Wüst Antoinette de Jong [49]
11 February Cross-country skiing Men's 30 km skiathlon  Norway Simen Hegstad Krüger Martin Johnsrud Sundby Hans Christer Holund [50]
20 February Nordic combined Individual large hill/10 km  Germany Johannes Rydzek Fabian Rießle Eric Frenzel [51]

Records

Main article: World and Olympic records set at the 2018 Winter Olympics
File:Olympic cauldron of Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in 2018.jpg
Olympic cauldron in Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium

Closing ceremony

Main article: 2018 Winter Olympics closing ceremony

The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 25 February 2018, as Thomas Bach, the IOC president, declared the Games closed, and the cauldron extinguished.

Broadcasting

Main article: List of 2018 Winter Olympics broadcasters

Broadcast rights to the 2018 Winter Olympics in some countries were already sold as part of long-term broadcast rights deals, including the Games' local rightsholder SBS, which in July 2011 had extended its rights to the Olympics through to 2024.[67] SBS sub-licensed its rights to MBC and KBS.[68]

On 29 June 2015, the IOC announced that Discovery Communications had acquired exclusive rights to the Olympics across all of Europe outside of Russia, from 2018 through to 2024. Discovery's pan-European Eurosport channels were promoted as the main broadcaster of the Games, but Discovery free-to-air channels such as DMAX in Spain,[69] Kanal 5 in Sweden and TVNorge in Norway, were also involved in the overall broadcasting arrangements.[70] Discovery was required to sub-license at least 100 hours of coverage to free-to-air broadcasters in each market;[71][72] some of these agreements required certain sports to be exclusive to Eurosport and its affiliated networks.[73][73] The deal did not initially cover France due to France Télévisions' rights, which run through to the 2020 Games.[74] In the United Kingdom, Discovery held exclusive pay television rights under licence from the BBC, in return for BBC sub-licensing the free-to-air rights to the 2022 and 2024 Olympics from Discovery.[75]

Despite the Russian team being formally banned from competing under its flag in Pyeongchang, Russian state broadcaster Channel One, and sports channel Match TV, still committed to covering the Games with a focus on Russian athletes.[74] Russia was not affected by the Eurosport deal, due to a pre-existing contract held by a marketing agency which runs through to 2024.[74]

In the United States, the Games were once again broadcast by NBCUniversal properties under a long-term contract.[76][77] As U.S. Eastern Time is fourteen hours behind Pyeongchang, morning events naturally fell within traditional U.S. prime time hours (8:00 to 11:00 pm). This allowed NBC to broadcast its prime time coverage live in all U.S. time zones, rather than showing "plausibly live" delayed footage as they had in previous Olympics. As per previous Games, the ceremonies were still shown on TV via tape delay only, but NBC did, for the first time, offer live streaming of the opening ceremony online.[78][79] Notably, figure skating events were deliberately scheduled for the morning in Pyeongchang to accommodate the network’s live broadcast to a peak U.S. audience in the evening.[46]

NHK and Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS) once again filmed portions of the Games, including 90 hours of footage of selected events and the opening ceremonies, in high-dynamic-range 8K resolution video.[80][81] In South Korea, ATSC 3.0 digital terrestrial television at 4K resolution was introduced in 2017 in time for the Olympics.[82][83] In the U.S., this footage was delivered in 4K by NBCUniversal parent Comcast to participating television providers, including its own Xfinity, as well as DirecTV and Dish Network. NBC's Raleigh, North Carolina affiliate WRAL-TV also held demonstration viewings as part of its ATSC 3.0 test broadcasts.[84][85][86]

The 2018 Winter Olympics were also used to showcase 5G wireless technologies, as part of a collaboration between domestic wireless sponsor KT, and worldwide sponsor Intel. Several venues were outfitted with 5G networks to facilitate features such as live camera feeds from bobsleds, and multi-camera views from cross-country and figure skating events. These were offered as part of public demonstrations coordinated by KT and Intel.[87][88]

Marketing

Branding

The emblem for the Games was unveiled on 3 May 2013. It is a stylised representation of the hangul letters ㅍ p and ㅊ ch, these being the initial sounds of 평창 Pyeongchang. The left-hand symbol is said to represent the Korean philosophical triad of heaven, earth and humanity (Korean: 천지인 cheon-ji-in), and the right-hand symbol represents a crystal of ice.[89] In the emblem and all official materials, Pyeongchang was stylised in CamelCase as "PyeongChang", in order to alleviate potential confusion with Pyongyang, the similarly-named capital of neighbouring North Korea.[90]

File:Soohorang and Bandabi.jpg
Soohorang (left) and Bandabi (right), respective mascots of 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.

Mascots

Main article: Soohorang and Bandabi

The official mascots of the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 2 June 2016. The Olympic mascot, Soohorang (Korean: 수호랑), is a white tiger. The mascot's name is a portmanteau of "Sooho", a Korean word for "protection", and "Rang" which is derived both from the Korean word for "tiger" and from the name of a traditional Korean folk song originating from Gangwon Province.[91] Tigers have a strong association with Korean culture and folklore.

Video games

Intel Extreme Masters Season 12 – Pyeongchang
Tournament information
SportStarCraft II
LocationPyeongchang, South Korea
AdministratorElectronic Sports League
Final positions
ChampionsCanada Scarlett
Runner-upSouth Korea sOs

In June 2017, Ubisoft announced that it would release an expansion pack for its winter sports video game Steep entitled Road to the Olympics, which features new game modes and content inspired by the 2018 Winter Olympics.[92][93]

In November 2017, the IOC announced it would support and sponsor an Intel Extreme Masters StarCraft II tournament in Pyeongchang preceding the Games. Its support of the tournament as a de facto demonstration event came on the heels of a report by the IOC which recognised that eSports "could be considered as a sporting activity".[94][95][96] The tournament was won by Sasha "Scarlett" Hostyn of Canada; she became the second North American pro to place first at a major StarCraft II tournament in South Korea, and the first woman to win a major tournament.[97][98]

Sponsors

The 2018 Winter Olympics saw increasing granularity in official sponsorships for technology vendors; Intel signed with the IOC to become part of its Worldwide Olympic Partner program, to promote 5G wireless technology, as well as broadcasting technology such as 360-degree video and virtual reality. Alibaba Group was also named the official e-commerce and cloud services provider. These categories affected how the vendors were allowed to promote themselves within the context of the Olympics: Samsung could showcase VR experiences but only within the context of its own smartphones due to Intel's sponsorship rights in relation to VR; Alibaba could not promote Alipay due to Visa Inc. sponsorship rights; and Intel could not promote end-user applications of 5G due to national sponsorship rights held by KT Corporation.[99][100]

In 2015, Japanese automaker Toyota became the first-ever Worldwide Olympic Partner in the "Mobility" category, beginning 2017. However, Toyota elected to waive its domestic sponsorship rights for these Games to Hyundai and Kia Motors, citing their near-dominance of the South Korean automobile industry, as well as their support of the Pyeongchang bid. As a result, Toyota did not perform any Olympic-related marketing in South Korea, the fleet of official IOC vehicles were provided by Hyundai and Kia, while Hyundai used the Games to showcase its Nexo hydrogen fuel cell SUV and self-driving vehicle technology.[101][102][103][104][105]

Concerns and controversies

Main article: Concerns and controversies at the 2018 Winter Olympics

North–South Korean relations

See also: North Korea–South Korea relations, 2017–18 North Korea crisis, and North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics

Due to the state of relations between North and South Korea, concerns were raised over the security of the 2018 Winter Olympics, especially in the wake of tensions over North Korean missile and nuclear tests. On 20 September 2017, South Korean president Moon Jae-in stated that the country would ensure the security of the Games.[106] The next day, Laura Flessel-Colovic, the French Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, stated that France would pull out of the Games if the safety of its delegation could not be guaranteed.[107]

Protesters at Gwanghwamun Plaza criticising the game's
pro-North Korean measures

The next day, Austria and Germany raised similar concerns and also threatened to skip the Games. France later reaffirmed its participation.[108] In early December 2017, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, told Fox News that it was an "open question" whether the United States was going to participate in the Games, citing security concerns in the region.[109] However, days later the White House Press Secretary, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, stated that the United States would participate.[110]

In his New Year's address on 1 January 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un proposed talks in Seoul over the country's participation in the Games, which would be the first high-level talks between the North and South in over two years. Because of the talks, held on 9 January, North Korea agreed to field athletes in Pyeongchang.[111][112] On 17 January 2018, it was announced that North and South Korea had agreed to field a unified Korean women's ice hockey team at the Games, and to enter together under a Korean Unification Flag during the opening ceremony.[113][114]

These moves were met with opposition in South Korea, including protests and online petitions; critics argued that the government was attempting to use the Olympics to spread pro-North Korean sentiment, and that the unified hockey team would fail.[115] A rap video entitled "The Regret for Pyeongchang" (평창유감), which echoed this criticism and called the event the "Pyongyang Olympics", went viral in the country.[116] Japan's foreign affairs minister Tarō Kōno warned South Korea to be wary of North Korea's "charm offensive", and not to ease its pressure on the country.[113][117]

The South Korean President, Moon Jae-in, at the start of the Olympics shook hands with the sister of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and a prominent figure of the regime, Kim Yo-jong. This marked the first time since the Korean War that a member of the ruling Kim dynasty had visited South Korea.[118][119] In contrast, U.S. vice president Mike Pence met with Fred Warmbier (father of Otto Warmbier, who had died after being released from captivity in North Korea) and a group of North Korean defectors in Pyeongchang.[120] American officials said that North Korea cancelled a meeting with Pence at the last minute.[121]

At the closing ceremony, North Korea sent general Kim Yong-chol as its delegate. His presence was met with hostility from South Korean conservatives, as there were allegations that he had a role in the ROKS Cheonan sinking and other past attacks. The Ministry of Unification stated that "there is a limitation in pinpointing who was responsible for the incident." Although he is subject to sanctions, they did not affect his ability to visit the country for the Games.[122][123]

Russian doping

Main articles: Doping in Russia, McLaren Report, Oswald Commission, Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics § Doping scandal after Olympics, Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics

Russia's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics was affected by the aftermath of its state-sponsored doping program. As a result, the IOC suspended the Russian Olympic Committee in December 2017, although Russian athletes whitelisted by the IOC were allowed to compete neutrally under the OAR (Olympic Athletes from Russia) designation.[124] The official sanctions imposed by the IOC included: the exclusion of Russian government officials from the Games; the use of the Olympic flag and Olympic Anthem in place of the Russian flag and anthem; and the submission of a replacement logo for the OAR uniforms.[125]

By early January 2018, the IOC had banned 43 Russian athletes from competing in the 2018 Winter Olympics and all future Olympic Games (as part of the Oswald Commission). Of those athletes, 42 appealed against their bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) and 28 of the appeals were successful, but eleven of the athletes had their sanctions upheld due to the weight of evidence against them. The IOC stated that the court ruling did not prove that the 28 athletes were innocent and that they would not necessarily be invited to the 2018 Games. Three of the athletes who appealed are still awaiting their hearings.[126]

The eventual number of neutral Russian athletes that participated at the 2018 Games was 168. These were selected from an original pool of 500 athletes that was put forward for consideration and, in order to receive an invitation to the Games, they were obliged to meet a number of pre-games conditions to rule out any possibility of doping.

Russian president Vladimir Putin and other officials had signalled in the past that it would be a humiliation if Russian athletes were not allowed to compete under the Russian flag.[127] However, there were never actually any official plans to boycott the 2018 Games[124] and in late 2017 the Russian government agreed to allow their athletes to compete at the Games as individuals under a neutral designation.[128][129] Despite this public show of co-operation, there were numerous misgivings voiced by leading Russian politicians, including a statement from Putin himself saying that he believed the United States had used its influence within the IOC to "orchestrate the doping scandal".[130] 86% of the Russian population opposed participation at the Olympics under a neutral flag,[131] and many Russian fans attended the Games wearing the Russian colours and chanting "Russia!" in unison, in an act of defiance against the ban.[132]

The IOC's decision was heavily criticised by Jack Robertson, primary investigator of the Russian doping program on behalf of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), in whose opinion the judgement was commercially and politically motivated. He argued that not only was doping rife amongst Russian athletes but that there was no sign of it being eradicated.[133] The CAS decision to overturn the life bans of 28 Russian athletes and restore their medals was also fiercely criticised, by Olympic officials, IOC president Thomas Bach and whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov's lawyer.[134]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Who won Team Canada's 29 medals in PyeongChang?". olympic.ca. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  2. ^ "Pyeongchang picked to host 2018 Winter Games". ESPN.com. 6 July 2011. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Gross, Jenny; Ramstad, Evan (7 July 2011). "South Korea Wins 2018 Olympic Bid". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Longman, Jeré; Sang-hun, Choe (6 July 2011). "2018 Winter Games to Be Held in Pyeongchang, South Korea". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Hersh, Philip (6 July 2011). "Pyeongchang wins 2018 Winter Olympics". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 9 April 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Gunilla Lindberg to Chair PyeongChang 2018 Coordination Commission". Archived from the original on 18 September 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Coordination Commissions". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "PyeongChang 2018 Organizing Committee Launched". Archived from the original on 20 October 2011.
  9. ^ "PyeongChang 2018 Praised". Gamesbids.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 have "good grasp of what is expected" says Lindberg after first IOC Coordination Commission visit". Insidethegames.biz. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Construction Begins on High-Speed Railway, Critical for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Games". Gamesbids.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "IPC Orientates PyeongChang 2018". Gamesbids.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 on "right track" declares Rogge after first visit". Insidethegames.biz. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 recruits college student reporters: WINNERS". 18 June 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  15. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 unveil Olympic Games medals". Inside the Games. 21 September 2017. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Overview | Olympic Torch Relay | The Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018 Torch Relay". PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "PyeongChang 2018 Alpensia Resort and water park complete and full for summer season". Sportsfeatures.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Pyeongchang2018 Volume 2 (Sport and Venues)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ a b "Pyeongchang 2018 move venue for Opening and Closing Ceremonies | Winter Olympics 2018". insidethegames.biz. 6 July 2012. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 reveal ticket prices for Winter Olympic Games". Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "PyeongChang Olympics ticket sales get icy reception". The Korea Herald. 11 October 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 announce improved ticket sales for Olympics and Paralympics". Inside the Games. 21 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 announce expected ticket sales for 100% Olympics and Paralympics". Yonhap. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Horwitz, Josh. "South Korea's $100 million Winter Olympics stadium will be used exactly four times". Quartz. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Boram, Kim (9 February 2018). "(Olympics) S. Korean speed skater Mo Tae-bum takes Olympic Oath". Yonhap News Agency. english.yonhapnews.co.kr. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "Korean figure skater Kim Yuna lights Olympic cauldron". Reuters. uk.reuters.com. 9 February 2018. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ a b "Olympic - Schedule, Results, Medals and News". Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "Winter Olympics: Big air, mixed curling among new 2018 events". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "6 New National Olympic Committees Welcomed to Winter Olympics for the First Time". pyeongchang2018.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ "Winter Olympics Full Schedule". Bongo Exclusive. 10 February 2018. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ "Qualification Systems for XXII Olympic Winter Games, PyeongChang 2018 Alpine skiing" (PDF). International Ski Federation (FIS). 16 August 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018: Athletes to travel through demilitarised zone". BBC News. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 20 May 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "North Korean skaters qualify for Pyeongchang 2018". insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media Company Limited. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (8 January 2018). "North Korea to Send Athletes to Olympics in South Korea Breakthrough". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ "Koreas to march under single 'united' flag in Olympic Games". BBC News. London, United Kingdom. 17 January 2018. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ Stiles, Matt (20 January 2018). "North Korea gets official OK to compete in Winter Olympics, will march with South". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California, United States. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ "Koreas to carry single flag at Olympics". 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via www.bbc.co.uk. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ "N. Korea to send 22 athletes in three sports to PyeongChang Winter Olympics: IOC". Yonhap. 18 January 2018. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018. The team [Unified Korea women's ice hockey team] will use the acronym COR and will be the first joint Korean sports team at an Olympic Games. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "IOC suspends Russian NOC and creates a path for clean individual athletes to compete in Pyeongchang 2018 under the Olympic flag". IOC. 5 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ "Quota allocation for Alpine skiing". www.data.fis-ski.com/. International Ski Federation (FIS). 8 August 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ "2018 Winter Olympics". IIHF. iihf.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ "Quota allocation for Cross-country skiing". www.data.fis-ski.com/. International Ski Federation (FIS). 8 August 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics". worldcurling.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ "ISU Communication no. 2136". International Skating Union. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ "Quotas – Olympic Winter Games Pyeongchang 2018". IBSF.org. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ a b Longman, Jeré (12 February 2018). "For Olympic Figure Skaters, a New Meaning to Morning Routine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ "Biathletes battling difficult conditions at Winter Olympics". USA Today. Associated Press. 10 February 2018. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  48. ^ "Medal Standings". Pyeongchang 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  49. ^ "Speed Skating (스피드 스케이팅 / Patinage de vitesse): Ladies' 3,000m (여자 3,000m / 3 000 m femmes) – Medallists (메달리스트 / Médaillé(e)s)" (PDF). Pyeongchang 2018. International Olympic Committee. 10 February 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ "Cross-Country Skiing (크로스 컨트리 스키 / Ski de fond): Men's 15km + 15km Skiathlon (남자 15km + 15km 스키애슬론 / Skiathlon 15 km+15 km hommes) – Medallists (메달리스트 / Médaillé(e)s)" (PDF). Pyeongchang 2018. International Olympic Committee. 11 February 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ "Nordic Combined (노르딕 복합 / Combiné nordique): Individual Gundersen LH/10km (라지힐 개인 10 km / Individuel LH hommes) – Medallists (메달리스트 / Médaillé(e)s)" (PDF). Pyeongchang 2018. International Olympic Committee. 20 February 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  52. ^ "Skispringer Kasai in olympische recordboeken". NU.nl. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ "Winter Olympics 2018: what makes US figure skater Nathan Chen so dominant". Vox.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ "ISU Result: Personal Best Pairs Free Skating Score (score sheet)". 15 February 2018.
  55. ^ "ISU Result: Personal Best Ice Dance Short Dance Score (score sheet)". 19 February 2018.
  56. ^ "ISU Result: Personal Best Ice Dance Total Score (score sheet)". 20 February 2018.
  57. ^ "ISU Result: Personal Best Ice Dance Free Dance Score (score sheet)". 20 February 2018.
  58. ^ "ISU Result: Personal Best Ladies Short Program Score (score sheet)". 23 February 2018.
  59. ^ "Dutch Speedskater Sven Kramer Wins 3rd Straight 5000m Olympic Gold". NBC Chicago. 11 February 2018. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  60. ^ "Dutch speed skating GOAT makes Michael Phelpsian Winter Olympics history". Yahoo! Sports. 12 February 2018. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ "Short track: China's Wu wins 500m in world record time". Reuters. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  62. ^ "Ter Mors medals in 2 different sports at same Winter Games". The China Post. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  63. ^ Falkingham, Katie (24 February 2018). "Winter Olympics: History-maker Ester Ledecka wins gold in two sports". BBC. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  64. ^ "Marit Bjorgen wins gold as Norway top the medal table". BBC Sport. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  65. ^ "Canada and Germany tie in thrilling 2-man bobsled". Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  66. ^ "Winter Olympics: Norway win record 38th medal as Switzerland take team alpine skiing gold". BBC. 24 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  67. ^ "IOC awards SBS broadcast rights for 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024 Olympic Games". International Olympic Committee. 9 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ "언론사, 평창 동계올림픽 카운트다운". www.journalist.or.kr (in Korean). Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  69. ^ "DMAX emitirá los Juegos Olímpicos de invierno de Pyeongchang 2018. Noticias de Televisión". El Confidencial (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  70. ^ "Discovery looks ahead to Winter Olympics". Broadband TV News. 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 11 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  71. ^ "Discovery Lands European Olympic Rights Through '24". Sports Business Journal. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  72. ^ "BBC dealt another blow after losing control of TV rights for Olympics". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ a b "Discovery confirms TLC coverage for PyeongChang 2018". SportsPro. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  74. ^ a b c "Russian state broadcasters commit to PyeongChang coverage". Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ "Olympics coverage to remain on BBC after Discovery deal". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  76. ^ "Bob Costas steps down as NBC host of Olympics; Mike Tirico to replace him". USA Today. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  77. ^ "Brennan: Bob Costas has been the face of the Olympics for Americans". USA Today. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  78. ^ "NBC to Broadcast Winter Olympics Live Across All Time Zones". Variety. PMC. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  79. ^ Staff, SVG. "PyeongChang 2018: NBC To Air Live, Nightly Primetime Coverage Across All Time Zones; Will Live-Stream Opening Ceremony". Sports Video Group. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  80. ^ "Winter Olympics innovates with 8K HDR and live 5G production firsts". Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  81. ^ "SES Helps NBC Ship 4K/HDR Coverage from Winter Games". Multichannel. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  82. ^ "2018 A Crucial Year for ATSC 3.0". Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  83. ^ "The top tech at the 2018 Winter Olympics: 5G, VR, 4K, bullet time and SmartSuits". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  84. ^ "Can you watch the Winter Olympics in 4K and HDR? Comcast tells Ars "no" [Updated]". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  85. ^ Cain, Brooke (21 February 2018). "WRAL: ATSC 3.0 Next Generation TV delivers 4K ultra high-def". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  86. ^ Greeley, Paul (21 February 2018). "WRAL Shows Olympics In Next Gen TV Format". TVNewsCheck. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  87. ^ "PyeongChang will host first major 5G video demonstrations for Olympics viewers". VentureBeat. 31 January 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  88. ^ "5G Is Making Its Global Debut at Olympics, and It's Wicked Fast". Bloomberg.com. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  89. ^ "PyeongChang 2018 Launches Official Emblem". olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  90. ^ "Olympics: 2018 Winter Olympics ... not in Pyongyang". The Manila Bulletin. Agence France-Presse. 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  91. ^ "Tiger and bear mascots unveiled for Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics". insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media Company Limited. 2 June 2016. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  92. ^ Holt, Christian (12 October 2017). "Steep Hits the Olympics With New Expansion". IGN. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  93. ^ Frank, Allegra (12 June 2017). "Steep's first expansion is all about the Winter Olympics". Polygon. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  94. ^ "E-sports just got closer to being part of the Olympics". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  95. ^ "Intel announce esports tournament to take place in Pyeongchang before Winter Olympics". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  96. ^ Zaccardi, Nick (3 November 2017). "Esports event in PyeongChang before Olympics supported by IOC". NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  97. ^ "Scarlett becomes first woman to win major StarCraft II tournament". Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  98. ^ Myers, Maddy. "Scarlett's StarCraft II Victory Shows How Esports Could Work For The Olympics". Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  99. ^ Lunden, Ingrid. "Intel and the IOC ink 7-year Olympics tech deal for VR, drones and more". TechCrunch. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  100. ^ "On The Ground: Winter Games". Sports Business Daily. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  101. ^ "Toyota's Olympic quest: How the automaker used Pyeongchang to rebrand". LA Biz. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  102. ^ "South Korean car companies could still sponsor Pyeongchang 2018 despite Toyota deal with IOC". Inside the Games. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  103. ^ "Toyota makes up for low profile in PyeongChang with social media engagement". Sportcal. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  104. ^ Baker, Liana B. "Toyota leaves Pyeongchang podium to South Korean rivals". Reuters. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  105. ^ "Hyundai, Kia support PyeongChang with 4,100 vehicles, W50b donation". The Korea Herald. 8 February 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  106. ^ "South Korea's Moon says pushing to guarantee safety at Pyeongchang Olympics". Reuters. 20 September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  107. ^ "France to skip 2018 Winter Games if security not assured". Reuters. 22 September 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  108. ^ "Olympics: North Korea triggers 2018 Winter Olympics security scare". The Straits Times. 23 September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  109. ^ "US ambassador to UN says it's an 'open question' whether U.S. athletes will participate in Winter Olympics over safety concerns". Business Insider. 7 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  110. ^ Mitchell, Ellen (7 December 2017). "White House walks back remarks that US athletes might not participate in 2018 Olympics". The Hill. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  111. ^ "Kim Jong Un highlights his 'nuclear button,' offers Olympic talks". NBC News. 2 January 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  112. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (2018). "North Korea to Send Olympic Athletes to South Korea, in Breakthrough". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  113. ^ a b "Koreas to carry single flag at Olympics". BBC News. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  114. ^ "'The Pyongyang Olympics' – Backlash in South Korea over plans to march with North at Winter Olympics". The Telegraph. 19 January 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  115. ^ "South Korean protesters object to Olympic Games deal with North Korea". Los Angeles Times. 18 January 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  116. ^ "Rap video frosty welcome for 2018 Winter Olympic Games". BBC News. 2 February 2018. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  117. ^ "Korean Olympic Cooperation Provokes Protests in Seoul". Time. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  118. ^ Haas, Benjamin (9 February 2018). "US vice-president skips Olympics dinner in snub to North Korea officials". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  119. ^ Friedman, Uri. "North Korea's Undeserved Olympic Glory". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  120. ^ Labott, Elise (9 February 2018). "As North Koreans arrive at Olympics, Pence points to defectors to counter regime". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  121. ^ "US says North Korea cancelled planned meeting with US VP Mike Pence". Stuff (Fairfax). 21 February 2018.
  122. ^ "North Korea's controversial Olympics delegate". BBC News. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  123. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (22 February 2018). "Former Spymaster to Lead North Korea's Olympic Ceremony Delegation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  124. ^ a b Ruiz, Rebecca C.; Panja, Tariq (5 December 2017). "Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C." The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  125. ^ "IOC's OAR implementation group releases guidelines for uniforms accessories and equipment's". olympic.org. 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  126. ^ "IOC Statement on CAS Decision". International Olympic Committee. 1 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  127. ^ "Putin says US pressured IOC to ban Russia from Winter Games". Yahoo Sports. Agence France-Presse. 19 October 2017. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  128. ^ "Жириновский предложил отказаться от участия в Олимпиаде-2018" (in Russian). Interfax.ru. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  129. ^ "Vladimir Putin won't tell Russian athletes to boycott Winter Olympics". CNN. 6 December 2017. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  130. ^ "Putin: Doping allegations 'US plot against Russian election'". bbc.com. 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  131. ^ "Опрос "КП": Стоит ли спортсменам из России ехать на Олимпиаду под нейтральным флагом". kp.ru (in Russian). 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  132. ^ Ortiz, Eirk (14 February 2018). "Russian fans spurn 'stupid' ban on athletes at Olympic Games". NBC News. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  133. ^ "The 2018 Winter Olympics Are Already Tainted". The New York Times. 27 December 2017. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  134. ^ "IOC Chief Disappointed By Court Lifting Doping Ban On Russians". rferl.org. 4 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

External links

Preceded by Winter Olympics
Pyeongchang
XXIII Olympic Winter Games (2018) 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_Winter_Olympics&oldid=857209777"