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Jim Clyburn
House Majority Whip
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2019
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded bySteve Scalise
In office
January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2011
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded byRoy Blunt
Succeeded byKevin McCarthy
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 6th district
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 1993
Preceded byRobin Tallon
House Assistant Democratic Leader
In office
January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded byChris Van Hollen (Assistant to the Leader)
Succeeded byBen Ray Luján (Assistant Speaker)
Chair of the House Democratic Conference
In office
January 16, 2006 – January 3, 2007
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded byBob Menendez
Succeeded byRahm Emanuel
Vice Chair of the House Democratic Conference
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 16, 2006
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded byBob Menendez
Succeeded byJohn B. Larson
Personal details
Born
James Enos Clyburn

(1940-07-21) July 21, 1940 (age 84)
Sumter, South Carolina, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Emily England
​
​
(m. 1961; died 2019)​
Children3, including Mignon
EducationSouth Carolina State University (BA)
WebsiteU.S. House website
Majority Whip website

James Enos Clyburn (born July 21, 1940) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina. He has served as House Majority Whip since 2019.[1] He is a two-time Majority Whip, having previously served in the post from 2007 to 2011, and served as House Assistant Minority Leader from 2011 to 2019.

Currently in his 14th term as a congressman, Clyburn has served as U.S. Representative for South Carolina's 6th congressional district since 1993. His congressional district includes most of the majority-black precincts in and around Columbia and Charleston, as well as nearly all of South Carolina's share of the Black Belt. Clyburn is the current dean of the South Carolina congressional delegation. Following the departure of John Spratt in 2011, aside from the single term served by Joe Cunningham, Clyburn has been the only Democrat in South Carolina’s house delegation.

Clyburn has been the third-ranking Democrat in the House behind Nancy Pelosi and Steny Hoyer since 2007, serving as Majority Whip behind House Speaker Pelosi and Majority Leader Hoyer during periods of Democratic House control, and as Assistant Minority Leader behind Minority Leader Pelosi and Minority Whip Hoyer during periods of Republican House control. After the Democrats took control of the House following the 2018 midterm elections, Clyburn was re-elected Majority Whip in January 2019 on the opening of the 116th Congress, alongside the re-elected Speaker Pelosi and Majority Leader Hoyer, marking the second time the trio has served in these roles together.

Clyburn played a pivotal role in the 2020 presidential election by endorsing Joe Biden three days before the South Carolina Democratic primary. Clyburn's endorsement came at a time when Biden's campaign was suffering from three disappointing finishes in the Iowa and Nevada caucuses and the New Hampshire primary. The South Carolina win for Biden days before Super Tuesday instantly transformed his campaign; the momentum led him to capture the Democratic nomination and later the presidency.

Early life and education

Clyburn was born in Sumter, South Carolina, the son of Enos Lloyd Clyburn, a fundamentalist minister, and his wife, Almeta (née Dizzley), a beautician.[2][3] A distant relative of his was George W. Murray, an organizer for the Colored Farmers Alliance (CFA), who was elected as a Republican South Carolina Congressman in the 53rd and 54th U.S. Congresses in the late nineteenth century.[citation needed] He and other black politicians had strongly opposed the 1895 state constitution, which essentially disenfranchised most African-American citizens, a situation that the state maintained for more than half a century until passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s.

Clyburn graduated from Mather Academy (later named Boylan-Haven-Mather Academy) in Camden, South Carolina, then attended South Carolina State College (now South Carolina State University), a historically black college in Orangeburg. He was initiated into the Omega Psi Phi fraternity and graduated with a bachelor's degree in history.

For his first full-time position after college, Clyburn taught at C.A. Brown High School in Charleston.

Early political career

Clyburn became involved in politics during the 1969 Charleston hospital strike.[4] After assisting the settlement of the protests at the Medical University of South Carolina, Clyburn became involved in St. Julian Devine's campaign for a seat on the Charleston city council in 1969. Clyburn came up with the campaign's slogan "Devine for Ward Nine." When Devine won the race, he became the first African American to hold a seat on the city council since Reconstruction. Clyburn later credited that campaign as the reason he got into electoral politics.[5]

After an unsuccessful run for the South Carolina General Assembly, he moved to Columbia to join the staff of Governor John C. West in 1971. West called Clyburn and offered him a job as his advisor after reading Clyburn's response to his loss in the newspaper. After West appointed Clyburn as his advisor, Clyburn became the first minority advisor to a governor in the history of South Carolina.

In the aftermath of the Orangeburg massacre of 1968, when three protesting students at South Carolina State were killed by police, West appointed Clyburn as the state's human affairs commissioner.[6] He served in this position until 1992, when he stepped down to run for Congress. The Orangeburg massacre and civil-rights protest pre-dated the 1970 Kent State shootings and Jackson State killings, in which the National Guard at Kent State, and police and state highway patrol at Jackson State, killed student protesters demonstrating against the United States invasion of Cambodia during the Vietnam War.[7]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

See also: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina § District 6, and 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina § District 6

Following the 1990 census South Carolina's district lines were redrawn. Due to prior racial discrimination before the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Supreme Court required the 6th district, which had previously included the northeastern portion of the state, to be redrawn as a black-majority district. Five-term incumbent Robin Tallon's home in Florence was in the district, but he chose to retire. Five candidates, all of whom were African American, ran for the Democratic nomination for the seat. Clyburn's campaign was led by NAACP activist Isaac W. Williams.[8]

Clyburn secured 55% of the vote in the primary, eliminating the need for an expected run-off. As expected, he won the general election in November handily, becoming the first Democrat to represent a significant portion of Columbia since 1965 and the first Democrat to represent a significant portion of Charleston since 1981. He has been reelected 15 times with no substantive Republican opposition.

Clyburn has beaten every Republican candidate he has faced in a congressional election. In 2008, Clyburn defeated Nancy Harrelson by 68% to 32%.[9] The next election in 2010, he defeated Jim Pratt, 65% to 34%.[10] And in 2012, Clyburn defeated Anthony Culler, 73% to 25%.[11]

Tenure

Party leadership

Clyburn with President Barack Obama as he meets with House leaders

Clyburn was elected as vice-chairman of the House Democratic Caucus in 2003, the third-ranking post in the caucus.[citation needed] He became the chairman of the Democratic Caucus in the House in early 2006 after the caucus chairman Bob Menendez was appointed to the Senate. After the Democrats won control of the House of Representatives in the 2006 election, Clyburn was unanimously elected as Majority Whip in the 110th Congress.[citation needed]

Clyburn would have faced a challenge from Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee Chairman Rahm Emanuel, but Speaker-elect Nancy Pelosi persuaded Emanuel to run for Democratic Caucus Chairman.[12] Clyburn was interviewed by National Public Radio's Morning Edition on January 12, 2007, and acknowledged the difficulty of counting votes and rallying the fractious Democratic caucus, while his party held the majority in the House.[citation needed]

After the 2010 elections, the Democrats lost their majority in the House. The departing Speaker Nancy Pelosi ran for the Minority Leader position in order to remain the House party leader, while Clyburn announced that he would challenge Steny Hoyer, the second-ranking Democrat in the House and the outgoing Majority Leader, for the Minority Whip post. Clyburn had the support of the Congressional Black Caucus, which wanted to keep an African-American in the House leadership, while Hoyer had 35 public endorsements, including three standing committee chairs. On November 13, Pelosi announced a deal whereby Hoyer would stand as Minority Whip, while a "number three" leadership position styled Assistant Leader would be created for Clyburn.[13] The exact responsibilities of Clyburn's assistant leader office were unclear, though it was said to replace the Assistant to the Leader post previously held by Chris Van Hollen. He had attended all leadership meetings but was not in the leadership hierarchy.[14][15]

On November 28, 2018, Clyburn was elected to serve his second stint as House Majority Whip.[16][17]

Ideology

Clyburn is regarded as liberal in his political stances, actions and votes. A 2007 ranking by the National Journal ranked him as the 77th most liberal of all 435 US congressional representatives at the time, and with a score of 81, indicating that the conductors of this study found his voting record to be more liberal than 81 percent of other members of the US House of Representatives based on their recent voting records.[18]

Clyburn has an established liberal stance on health care, education, organized labor and environmental conservation issues, based on his legislative actions as well as evaluations and ratings by pertinent interest groups.[19]

Healthcare

In 2009, Clyburn introduced the Access for All Americans Act. The $26 billion sought by this Act would provide funding to quadruple the number of community health centers in the US that provide medical care to uninsured and low-income citizens.[20]

The American Public Health Association, the American Academy of Family Physicians, The Children’s Health Fund, and other health care interest groups rate Clyburn highly based on his voting record on pertinent issues. Other groups in this field, such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, gave Clyburn a rating of zero in 2014.[21]

Despite his opposition to partial-birth abortion, Clyburn is regarded to be pro-abortion rights on the issue of abortion, as shown by his high ratings from Planned Parenthood and NARAL Pro-Choice America, and low rating from the National Right to Life Committee.[22]

Education

Clyburn has continuously sought new and additional funding for education. He has gained additional funding for special education[23] and lower interest rates on federal student loans.[24] In many sessions has Clyburn sought, sponsored and/or voted for improvements in Pell Grant funding for college loans.[25]

The National Education Association and the National Association of Elementary School Principals rate Clyburn very high, as do other education interest groups.[26]

Ports

Although he was criticized for a previous expenditure of 160 million dollars to expand South Carolina's ports, he stated he would continue to make funding available for further expansions. The plan is to deepen the ports to allow for larger commercial ships to arrive from the Panama Canal which is currently being expanded to allow for larger ships to pass through. This is due primarily because of larger commercial ships coming from China, and also China's extremely high demand of soy beans, which are produced in South Carolina, but must be sent to larger ports for exporting. This measure will benefit South Carolina business and farmers and is thus heavily backed by these groups.[27]

Labor

Clyburn has consistently voted for increases in minimum wage income and to restrict employer interference with labor union organization.[28]

Many national labor unions, including the AFL-CIO, the United Auto Workers, the Communication Workers Association, and the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, give Clyburn outstanding ratings based on his voting record on issues that pertain to labor and employment.[29]

Environment
Clyburn with Nancy Pelosi and U2 lead singer Bono in 2006

Clyburn has opposed legislation to increase offshore drilling for oil or natural gas. Instead, he has promoted use of nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil fuels, cheaper than wind and solar energy. [30] Members of the nuclear power industry have expressed that there is a mutual respect between Clyburn and themselves.[31] Clyburn pushed for a 2010 contract to convert plutonium from old weapons into nuclear fuel.[31][32]

Clyburn has been viewed favorably by organizations such as the League of Conservation Voters and Defenders of Wildlife.[33] However, he did anger environmentalists when he proposed building a $150 million bridge across a swampy area of Lake Marion in Calhoun county.

Objection to the 2004 presidential election

Clyburn was one of thirty-one House Democrats who voted to not count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election.[34] Republican President George W. Bush won Ohio by 118,457 votes.[35] Without Ohio's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

War in Iraq

On July 31, 2007, Clyburn said in a broadcast interview that it would be a "real big problem" for the Democratic Party if General David Petraeus issued a positive report in September, as it would split the Democratic caucus on whether to continue to fund the Iraq War. While this soundbite caused some controversy, the full quote was, in reference to 47 member Blue Dog caucus, "I think there would be enough support in that group to want to stay the course and if the Republicans were to stay united as they have been, then it would be a problem for us."[36]

Bill Clinton comments

Clyburn was officially neutral during the primary battle between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, but former President Bill Clinton blamed Clyburn for Hillary's 29-point defeat in the South Carolina primary and the two of them had a heated telephone conversation. Clyburn himself had voted for Obama, saying "How could I ever look in the faces of our children and grandchildren had I not voted for Barack Obama?"[37] Clyburn negatively viewed Bill Clinton's remarks regarding Obama winning the South Carolina primary. Clinton had compared Obama's victory to Rev. Jesse Jackson's win in the 1988 primary election.[38] "Black people are incensed all over this," said Clyburn. Clinton responded that the campaign "played the race card on me," denying any racial tone in the comment.[39] Speaking with the New York Times, Clyburn said such actions could lead to a longtime division between the former president and his once most reliable constituency. "When he was going through his impeachment problems, it was the black community that bellied up to the bar," Clyburn said. "I think black folks feel strongly that this is a strange way for President Clinton to show his appreciation."[38]

Impeachment of Donald Trump

On December 18, 2019, Clyburn voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald J. Trump. [40]

Committee assignments

On April 2, 2020, Pelosi announced that Clyburn will chair the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis.[41]

Caucus memberships

Presidential endorsements

Clyburn is considered a power broker in the state of South Carolina.[45][46] For almost thirty years, he has hosted an annual fish fry "that every four years becomes a must-attend event for presidential hopefuls."[47][48]

During the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, Clyburn supported former House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt until he dropped out of the race and afterwards supported John Kerry. Clyburn was one of the 31 who voted in the House not to count the electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election amid a dispute over irregularities.[49]

Like other Democratic congressional leaders, Clyburn remained publicly uncommitted throughout most of the 2008 presidential primary elections. Despite being officially neutral Clyburn personally voted for Obama in the South Carolina primary. Former President Bill Clinton accused Clyburn of being responsible for Hillary's heavy 29-point defeat in South Carolina, while Clyburn criticized Bill Clinton's comments on race comparing Obama's win to that of Rev. Jesse Jackson.[50][51] Clyburn eventually endorsed Obama on June 3 immediately before the Montana and South Dakota primaries. At this time, Obama's lead in pledged delegates was substantial enough that the final two primaries would not have been able to reverse it.[52][53]

Clyburn endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential campaign.[54]

Clyburn's endorsement of former Vice President Joe Biden on February 26, 2020, three days before the South Carolina primary, was considered pivotal in the 2020 Democratic Presidential nomination contest. Several analyses have determined the endorsement changed the trajectory of the race, due to Clyburn's influence over the state's African-Americans, who make up the majority of its Democratic electorate. Prior to Clyburn's endorsement, Biden had not won a single primary and had placed fourth, fifth, and a distant second in the Iowa, New Hampshire, and Nevada caucuses and primaries respectively. Biden utilized momentum from his win in South Carolina to take a delegate lead on Super Tuesday and clinch the nomination a month later, and eventually win the presidency in November. At Biden's Inauguration, former President George W. Bush confided in Clyburn that he believed without his endorsement Biden would not have been elected.[55][56][57]

Political positions

Clyburn identifies as a progressive,[58] although he thinks the more liberal wing of the Democratic Party should be "practical".

Israel

In January 2017, Clyburn voted against a House resolution condemning the UN Security Council Resolution 2334, which called Israeli settlement building in the occupied Palestinian territories in the West Bank a "flagrant violation" of international law and a major obstacle to peace.[59][60]

Homophobia

During the 2020 Democratic Primary, Jim Clyburn, when considering an endorsement for president of the United States, cited Pete Buttigieg's sexual orientation as an issue in endorsing the candidate, saying it was "no question" that his sexuality would hurt his popularity and that "[he] knew a lot of people [his] age that felt that way."[61] Adding to the comments, Clyburn stated "I'm not going to sit here and tell you otherwise, because I think everybody knows that's an issue."[62] In the wake of Clyburn's comments, then-candidate Kamala Harris dismissed his comments as "nonsense" and "a trope" of the African American community.[63] However, the Benson Strategy Group reported that "being gay was a barrier for these voters, particularly for the men who seemed uncomfortable discussing it."[63]

Personal life

Clyburn was married to librarian Emily England Clyburn from 1961 until her death in 2019.[64] They had three daughters. Their eldest daughter, Mignon Clyburn, was appointed to the Federal Communications Commission by President Obama.[65]

See also

References

  1. ^ A new era for SC: Clyburn, Scott get top House posts, James Rosen, McClatchy Newspapers, November 17, 2010.
  2. ^ "Chapter 12 | The parable of the talents – Crossing a Great Divide". TheState.com. May 17, 2007. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  3. ^ Clyburn, Jim (May 29, 2003). "Dad's Diploma: Overcoming Injustice". The Black Commentator. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019.
  4. ^ "Aftermath · The Charleston Hospital Workers Movement, 1968-1969 · Lowcountry Digital History Initiative". ldhi.library.cofc.edu. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
  5. ^ Clyburn, James (2015). Blessed experiences : genuinely southern, proudly black. ISBN 978-1611175592. OCLC 893457675.
  6. ^ Saxon, Wolf (March 23, 2004). "John C. West, Crusading South Carolina Governor, Dies at 81". New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
  7. ^ Morrill, Jim (February 8, 2018). "50 years after 3 students died in SC civil rights protest, survivors still ask 'Why?'". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  8. ^ "Williams a leader for African-Americans in the South". The Greenville News. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  9. ^ "South Carolina 2008 General Election Results". November 21, 2008. Retrieved February 26, 2009.
  10. ^ "Democrat Clyburn wins 10th term in 6th District". WMBF News. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  11. ^ Lavender, Paige (November 4, 2014). "Jim Clyburn Wins Midterm Election Race Against Anthony Culler In South Carolina". HuffPost. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  12. ^ Babington, Charles; Weisman, Jonathan (November 10, 2006). "Reid, Pelosi Expected to Keep Tight Rein in Both Chambers". The Washington Post.
  13. ^ Dana Bash (November 13, 2010). "Deal ends Democratic leadership fight". CNN.
  14. ^ Fahrenthold, David A. "Alexis Covey-Brandt". The Washington Post.
  15. ^ Kane, Paul (November 8, 2010). "House Democrats could retain leadership team". The Washington Post.
  16. ^ "South Carolina's Jim Clyburn elected House majority whip | Palmetto Politics". postandcourier.com. November 28, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  17. ^ "S.C.'s Clyburn elected to No. 3 post in U.S. House". The State. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  18. ^ 2007 Vote Ratings Archived September 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "Project Vote Smart: Clyburn". Votesmart.org. May 14, 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  20. ^ Clyburn bill would extend healthcare Archived April 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "Project Vote Smart: Clyburn: Health Issues". Votesmart.org. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  22. ^ "Project Vote Smart: Clyburn: Abortion Issues". Votesmart.org. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  23. ^ Education Advocates Give Funding a Boost December 20, 2001 Archived February 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ The Daily WhipLine April 17, 2008 Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ The Daily WhipLine, July 18, 2007 Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ "Project Vote Smart: Clyburn: Education". Votesmart.org. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  27. ^ Gene Zaleski (August 8, 2012). "Clyburn says ports worth the investment". The Times and Democrat. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  28. ^ "Jim Clyburn on Jobs". Ontheissues.org. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  29. ^ "Project Vote Smart: Clyburn: Labor". Votesmart.org. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  30. ^ America’s Energy Future July 11, 2008 Archived May 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ a b Lipton, Eric (September 5, 2010). "Congressional Charities Pulling In Corporate Cash". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  32. ^ "Shaw AREVA MOX Services Awarded Multi-Billion Dollar Construction Option for DOE Facility". Areva. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  33. ^ "Project Vote Smart: Clyburn: Environmental Issues". Votesmart.org. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  34. ^ "Final Vote Results for Role Call 7". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. January 6, 2005. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  35. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/29/politics/ohio-recount-gives-a-smaller-margin-to-bush.html
  36. ^ Balz, Dan; Cillizza, Chris (July 30, 2007). "Clyburn: Positive Report by Petraeus Could Split House Democrats on War". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 12, 2009.
  37. ^ [1]
  38. ^ a b Black Leader in House Denounces Bill Clinton’s Remarks New York Times April 24, 2008
  39. ^ Phillips, Kate (April 24, 2008), "Bill Clinton Irritated by Race-Card Questions", The New York Times.
  40. ^ Panetta, Grace. "WHIP COUNT: Here's which members of the House voted for and against impeaching Trump". Business Insider. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  41. ^ Foran, Clare; Haley Byrd; Manu Raju (April 2, 2020). "Pelosi announces House committee on coronavirus crisis to exercise oversight of pandemic response". CNN. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  42. ^ "Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  43. ^ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  44. ^ "Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  45. ^ Brockel, Gillian (January 10, 2020). "A civil rights love story: The congressman who met his wife in jail in 1960". Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  46. ^ Eichel, Henry (October 19, 2003). "Presidential candidates covet endorsement from Clyburn". GoUpstate. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  47. ^ Davis, Susan (June 14, 2019). "Why 2020 Democrats Are Lining Up For Clyburn's 'World Famous' Fish Fry". NPR. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019.
  48. ^ Martin, Jonathan (June 21, 2019). "Hoping to Woo Black Voters, Democratic Candidates Gather at James Clyburn's Fish Fry". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  49. ^ "Final vote results for roll call 7". January 6, 2005. Retrieved May 12, 2009.
  50. ^ [2]
  51. ^ [3]
  52. ^ Steady Stream of superdelegates pushed Obama over top CNN June 3, 2008.
  53. ^ Wilgoren, Debbi (June 3, 2008). "Clyburn Endorses Obama". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  54. ^ "South Carolina Rep. Jim Clyburn endorses Hillary Clinton". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  55. ^ "Clyburn endorsement carries considerable weight in SC: exit poll". MSNBC. February 29, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  56. ^ Strauss, Daniel (March 4, 2020). "'A chain reaction': how one endorsement set Joe Biden's surge in motion". The Guardian. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  57. ^ "Jim Clyburn changed everything for Joe Biden's campaign. He's been a political force for a long time". The Washington Post. 2020.
  58. ^ "Why South Carolina's James Clyburn Is Endorsing Biden | FiveThirtyEight". YouTube. February 26, 2020.
  59. ^ "House votes to rebuke UN on Israeli settlement resolution". The Hill. January 5, 2017.
  60. ^ "AAI Thanks 80 Representatives For Standing Against Illegal Israeli Settlements". Arab American Institute.
  61. ^ Tripp, Drew (November 4, 2019). "Clyburn says Pete Buttigieg being gay is an issue for older black voters". WCIV. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  62. ^ Scott, Eugene. "Analysis | Buttigieg's campaign says it doesn't think homophobia is why he can't get a foothold with black voters". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  63. ^ a b Dugyala, Rishika. "'Just nonsense': Kamala Harris calls narrative that black voters are homophobic a trope". POLITICO. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  64. ^ Bresnahan, John (September 19, 2019). "House Majority Whip Jim Clyburn's wife dies at 80". Politico. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  65. ^ Schatz, Amy (April 29, 2009). "Mignon Clyburn Nominated to FCC". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 27, 2009.

Further reading

Wikiquote has quotations related to Jim Clyburn.
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U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 6th congressional district
1993–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus
1999–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by House Majority Whip
2007–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by House Majority Whip
2019–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Vice Chair of the House Democratic Conference
2003–2006 		Succeeded by
Chair of the House Democratic Conference
2006–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded byas House Democratic Assistant to the Leader House Assistant Democratic Leader
2011–2019 		Succeeded byas Assistant Speaker of the House of Representatives
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States Representatives by seniority
18th 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jim_Clyburn&oldid=1003487411"