Jump to content

Climate of West Bengal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Quebec99 (talk | contribs) at 15:37, 16 July 2023 (fixed duplicate reference). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The climate of West Bengal is varied, with tropical savannahs in the southern portions of the state, to humid subtropical areas in the north. Temperatures vary widely, and there are five distinct seasons. The area is vulnerable to heavy rainfall, monsoons, and cyclones. There are some mountains in the area which are generally cold all year round.

National Highway 31A winds along the banks of the Teesta River near Kalimpong, in the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region in West Bengal.

Seasons

There are five main seasons in West Bengal: spring, summer, rainy season, a short autumn, and winter.

Spring

Spring is considered the most pleasant season over the plains of West Bengal and lies from mid-February to mid-March and is also the time where Holi is celebrated. Temperatures range between 20 °C – 30 °C and no rainfall. Though occasional rain or light showers are witnessed due to Western disturbances in North India.

Summer

The summer season is observed from March to May in most of Bengal.

Temperature

In Bengal, summers can be extremely hot and have high humidity. The plains of South Bengal have a daily maximum temperature around 35–38 °C.[1][2] It can also exceed 40 °C.[3][4][5][6][7] The western highlands experience a dry summer like northern India. During the day, the temperature ranges from 38 to 42 °C, though it can reach or exceed 45 °C.[8][9][10][11][12] In summer, the plains of North Bengal are generally cooler than the west and south.[13][14][15] In this area, the daily maximum temperature varies from 26 to 32 °C.[16] It occasionally crosses 35 °C. The minimum temperature in summer is approximately 18–22 °C. The Darjeeling hill region is the coolest area in summer. Here, the daily highest temperature is 15–25 °C.

Rainfall

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in summer (March to May)[17]
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 13.1 446
Siliguri 24.2 447
Jalpaiguri 24.0 453
Malda 28.3 188
Shantiniketan 29.4 264
Behrampore 29.3 136
Krishnagar 29.5 96
Asansol 30.0 114
Bankura 29.9 146
Kolkata 29.8 227
Digha 28.4 214
West Bengal 26.9 248.3

Monsoons

Period

In mid-June, the monsoon season starts.[18] It continues until the end of September.

Temperature

In most places, the temperature drops as cloud cover increases. This is less true for the mountains and the Terai Dooars plains, where temperature gradually increases until August.

The maximum temperature of South Bengal's plains and western highlands is 32 °C,[19] 31 °C in North Bengal plains and around 19–20 °C in mountains. Sometimes when the sky gets clear, the temperature rises suddenly. This is known as a monsoon break. This occurs mostly in North Bengal plains and in mountains in July and August when the temperature soars over 36 °C and 24 °C respectively.[20][21][22][23][24]

Rainfall

Most of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon period. Heavy rainfall above 250 cm is observed in the Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and Cooch Behar district.[25][26][27][28][29] Later, blowing westwards, the winds cause average rainfall of 125 cm in the northern plains and western plateau region.

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities during monsoon season (June to September)
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 16.4 2796
Siliguri 28.1 2651
Jalpaiguri 28.0 2674
Malda 29.6 1207
Shantiniketan 29.4 1510
Behrampore 30.2 1036
Krishnagar 29.4 1348
Asansol 29.5 1140
Bankura 30.3 1227
Kolkata 29.6 1358
Digha 29.1 1192
West Bengal 28.1 1649.0

Autumn

Period

Autumn lasts for two months, October and November.

Temperature

In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns and clears the sky. So, the state gets enough sunshine to be warm in the day and releases a lot of heat to be cool at night.

At this time, a maximum temperature of 30–33 °C is felt over the plains and 17–19 °C in mountains. The minimum temperature is normally around 19–22 °C in plains and 6–11 °C in mountains.[30] Sometimes, cold waves blow over the state in autumn.[31][32][33]

Rainfall

In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns, and the northeast monsoon wind enters West Bengal. Due to their collision in Bay of Bengal, some cyclones are created.[34][35] The cyclones cause some rainfall in the state.

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in autumn (October and November)
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 13.4 74
Siliguri 23.2 181
Jalpaiguri 23.6 169
Malda 26.2 132
Shantiniketan 25.3 212
Behrampore 26.2 146
Krishnagar 26.5 175
Asansol 24.8 125
Bankura 25.9 94
Kolkata 26.6 216
Digha 25.9 240
West Bengal 24.3 160.4

Winter

Period

The winter season usually starts in December and ends in February.[36]

Temperature

In winter, a mild temperature is observed over the plains. The maximum temperature goes to 23–26 °C and the minimum temperature is 9–15 °C in plains of the state. The maximum and minimum temperature in the mountains range from 0–12 °C. Higher regions of the Darjeeling Himalayas get heavy snowfall during winter.[37][38][39]

The temperatures of the western highlands at night can drop 7–9 °C,[40][41][42] 4–7 °C in Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar plains[43][44][45][46] and 10–11 °C in Kolkata[47][48][49][50] when cold waves blow. Darjeeling's temperature can drop below freezing point.

Rainfall

Winter is generally dry. Most days are sunny. Occasionally, slight rainfall occurs because of conditions in northwest India. These are known as western disturbances.

Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in Winter (December to February)
City Average temperature (°C) Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 7.6 30
Siliguri 17.3 60
Jalpaiguri 18.9 36
Malda 20.6 27
Shantiniketan 19.7 44
Behrampore 20.6 32
Krishnagar 20.5 29
Asansol 19.7 46
Bankura 20.1 42
Kolkata 21.6 35
Digha 21.1 43
West Bengal 17.0 38.5

Extreme Temperatures

Sources: India Meteorological Department[51][52]

Highest Temperature

The chart below shows the highest recorded temperatures in individual stations, for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

Month Highest Recorded Temperature (°C) Place Date
January 36.8 Krishnagar 1 January 1977
February 39.3 Bankura 26 February 2006
March 44.5 Behrampore 27 March 1980
April 46.7 Bankura 23 April 2016
49.2 (Awaiting Ratification) Purulia 23 April 2009
May 48.3 Behrampore 23 May 1981
June 47.8 Suri 10 June 1966
51.1 (Awaiting Ratification) Purulia 18 June 2005
July 43.0 Krishnagar 22 July 1994
August 43.0 Krishnagar 3 August 1994
September 41.0 Coochbehar 11 September 1977
October 40.5 Malda 1 October 1978
November 38.5 Bagati 6 November 1976
December 36.5 Bagati 30 December 1984
West Bengal 48.3 Behrampore 23 May 1981
51.1 (Awaiting Ratification) Purulia 18 June 2005

Lowest Temperature

The chart below shows the lowest recorded temperatures in individual stations, for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

Month Lowest Recorded Temperature (°C) Place Date
January -7.2 Darjeeling 30 January 1971
February -6.4 Darjeeling 2 February 1971
March -4.8 Darjeeling 1 March 1971
April 0.0 Darjeeling 16 April 1971
May 1.4 Darjeeling 1 May 1981
June 4.6 Kalimpong 14 June 1991
July 3.9 Darjeeling 26 July 1944
August 7.4 Kalimpong 24 August 1971
September 5.9 Kalimpong 10 September 1991
October 3.2 Darjeeling 31 October 1972
November -4.4 Darjeeling 26 November 1970
December -4.6 Darjeeling 29 December 1970
West Bengal -7.2 Darjeeling 30 January 1971

Lowest Temperature (In the Plains)

The chart below shows the lowest recorded temperatures in individual stations in the plains, for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

Month Lowest Recorded Temperature (°C) Place Date
January 0.9 Krishnanagar 2 January 1986
February 2.2 Jalpaiguri 5 February 1914
March 6.2 Siliguri 4 March 1965
April 9.6 Siliguri 4 April 1965
May 11.5 Jalpaiguri 10 May 1987
June 13.8 Contai 12 June 1961
July 12.0 Krishnanagar 16 July 1995
August 12.4 Sandheads 7 August 1972
September 10.4 Sandheads 2 September 1976
October 10.0 Sandheads 1995
November 6.4 Siliguri 30 November 1971
December 2.4 Siliguri 26 December 1961
West Bengal 0.9 Krishnanagar 2 January 1986

Extreme Rainfall

The chart below shows the maximum recorded rainfall in individual stations (observatories) in the state, for all months, with place and date.

Month Highest Recorded 24 hrs Rainfall (mm) Place Date
January 134.6 Darjeeling 10 January 1967
February 161.0 Balurghat 19 February 1989
March 243.2 Sandheads 04 March 1990
April 210.0 Bardhaman 3 April 1994
May 615.0 Sandheads 17 May 1995
June 507.5 Sandheads 21 June 1981
July 651.0 Sandheads 26 July 1989
August 490.0 Sandheads 22 August 1991
September 593.6 Sandheads 25 September 1986
October 419.2 Kalimpong 5 October 1968
November 322.0 Sandheads 10 November 1990
December 251.3 Diamond Harbour 11 December 1981
West Bengal 651.0 Sandheads 26 July 1989

Rainfall

Annual rainfall varies in different parts of the state. North Bengal receives the highest rainfall, 200 to 400 cm. In the coastal areas rainfall is about 200 cm, in the Ganga plain and in the central part of the state rainfall is about 150–200 cm, and in the western plateau region the amount of rainfall received is about 100 to 125 cm. Drought is a common phenomenon in the Bankura and Purulia districts. Rainfall that occurs in the summer months often brings about heavy storms called Kalbaishakhi.

Cyclones in West Bengal

Name Lowest Pressure (mbar) Year Winds (in km/h) Image
1970 Bhola Cyclone 966 1970
BOB 03 964 1981
BOB 07 994 1997
BOB 06 984 1998
BOB 04 998 2000
BOB 03 970 2002 100
Sidr 944 2007 215
Rashmi 996 2008 85
Aila 970 2009 120
Komen 986 2015 75
Roanu 983 2016 85
Mora 978 2017 110
Amphan 925 2020 240

Mountainous region

Because of the high altitude, mountainous parts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri experience a cool temperate and climate. The average temperature in summer is about 15 °C (59 °F), and winter temperature is about 2 °C (36 °F). Snowfall occurs in some parts of this region. Being obstructed by the Himalayas, the region receives heavy rainfall. Due to the scenic beauty and temperate climate of the region, a huge number of tourists visit the areas. Here Kalimpong is another hill station that is visited by many tourists in all seasons for its scenic beauty and the average cool temperature throughout the year.

Climate data

Climate data for Kolkata (Alipore) 1991–2020, extremes 1901–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.8
(91.0)
38.4
(101.1)
41.1
(106.0)
43.3
(109.9)
43.7
(110.7)
43.9
(111.0)
39.9
(103.8)
38.4
(101.1)
38.9
(102.0)
39.0
(102.2)
34.9
(94.8)
32.5
(90.5)
43.9
(111.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 29.8
(85.6)
33.9
(93.0)
37.5
(99.5)
38.8
(101.8)
39.0
(102.2)
37.8
(100.0)
36.0
(96.8)
35.3
(95.5)
35.5
(95.9)
35.3
(95.5)
33.1
(91.6)
30.0
(86.0)
39.8
(103.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.5
(77.9)
29.4
(84.9)
33.7
(92.7)
35.4
(95.7)
35.5
(95.9)
34.1
(93.4)
32.5
(90.5)
32.3
(90.1)
32.6
(90.7)
32.3
(90.1)
30.2
(86.4)
26.7
(80.1)
31.7
(89.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 19.9
(67.8)
23.8
(74.8)
28.2
(82.8)
30.6
(87.1)
31.2
(88.2)
30.6
(87.1)
29.5
(85.1)
29.4
(84.9)
29.4
(84.9)
28.3
(82.9)
25.1
(77.2)
21.1
(70.0)
27.3
(81.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.3
(57.7)
18.1
(64.6)
22.9
(73.2)
25.7
(78.3)
26.8
(80.2)
27.1
(80.8)
26.7
(80.1)
26.6
(79.9)
26.3
(79.3)
24.4
(75.9)
20.1
(68.2)
15.5
(59.9)
22.9
(73.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 10.9
(51.6)
12.4
(54.3)
18.2
(64.8)
21.1
(70.0)
21.8
(71.2)
23.9
(75.0)
24.3
(75.7)
24.6
(76.3)
23.9
(75.0)
20.9
(69.6)
16.9
(62.4)
11.9
(53.4)
10.0
(50.0)
Record low °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1)
7.2
(45.0)
10.0
(50.0)
16.1
(61.0)
17.9
(64.2)
20.4
(68.7)
20.6
(69.1)
22.6
(72.7)
20.6
(69.1)
17.2
(63.0)
10.6
(51.1)
7.2
(45.0)
6.7
(44.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 15.4
(0.61)
24.6
(0.97)
36.8
(1.45)
55.0
(2.17)
118.5
(4.67)
276.7
(10.89)
371.6
(14.63)
372.1
(14.65)
325.0
(12.80)
179.6
(7.07)
32.6
(1.28)
5.6
(0.22)
1,813.3
(71.39)
Average rainy days 1.1 1.5 2.1 3.2 6.2 12.6 17.5 16.8 13.6 7.4 1.4 0.7 84.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 62 55 51 61 68 77 82 83 82 76 68 65 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 213.9 211.9 229.4 240.0 232.5 135.0 105.4 117.8 126.0 201.5 216.0 204.6 2,234
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.9 7.5 7.4 8.0 7.5 4.5 3.4 3.8 4.2 6.5 7.2 6.6 6.1
Average ultraviolet index 7 9 11 12 12 12 12 12 11 9 7 6 10
Source 1: India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000)[53][54][55][56] Weather Atlas[57]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[58] [59]
Climate data for Kolkata (Dumdum Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1939–2020
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.5
(90.5)
37.3
(99.1)
40.6
(105.1)
42.8
(109.0)
43.1
(109.6)
43.7
(110.7)
39.2
(102.6)
37.7
(99.9)
37.5
(99.5)
36.8
(98.2)
36.0
(96.8)
33.0
(91.4)
43.7
(110.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.3
(77.5)
29.2
(84.6)
33.6
(92.5)
35.9
(96.6)
36.1
(97.0)
34.8
(94.6)
33.2
(91.8)
33.0
(91.4)
33.3
(91.9)
32.5
(90.5)
30.1
(86.2)
26.6
(79.9)
32.0
(89.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8)
22.9
(73.2)
27.4
(81.3)
30.1
(86.2)
30.6
(87.1)
30.3
(86.5)
29.5
(85.1)
29.3
(84.7)
29.3
(84.7)
27.9
(82.2)
24.3
(75.7)
20.1
(68.2)
26.7
(80.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.9
(55.2)
16.9
(62.4)
21.9
(71.4)
25.2
(77.4)
26.2
(79.2)
26.8
(80.2)
26.6
(79.9)
26.5
(79.7)
26.2
(79.2)
24.1
(75.4)
19.3
(66.7)
14.3
(57.7)
22.2
(72.0)
Record low °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0)
6.1
(43.0)
12.1
(53.8)
16.6
(61.9)
17.6
(63.7)
19.2
(66.6)
20.1
(68.2)
21.1
(70.0)
21.7
(71.1)
15.7
(60.3)
11.7
(53.1)
6.1
(43.0)
5.0
(41.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 15.8
(0.62)
20.2
(0.80)
31.9
(1.26)
53.4
(2.10)
140.5
(5.53)
247.5
(9.74)
366.5
(14.43)
355.4
(13.99)
282.1
(11.11)
170.2
(6.70)
21.3
(0.84)
6.8
(0.27)
1,711.5
(67.38)
Average rainy days 1.1 1.4 2.3 3.5 6.6 12.4 17.6 17.1 13.0 7.1 1.1 0.7 83.8
Average relative humidity (%) (at 08:30 IST) 61 53 49 58 66 76 81 82 81 75 67 66 68
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[59]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[60]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.5
(90.5)
33.2
(91.8)
38.1
(100.6)
41.7
(107.1)
40.8
(105.4)
41.9
(107.4)
40.4
(104.7)
40.0
(104.0)
40.1
(104.2)
36.6
(97.9)
33.8
(92.8)
32.6
(90.7)
41.9
(107.4)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1)
27.9
(82.2)
32.8
(91.0)
34.9
(94.8)
35.3
(95.5)
36.3
(97.3)
36.0
(96.8)
36.7
(98.1)
35.8
(96.4)
33.5
(92.3)
30.4
(86.7)
27.2
(81.0)
37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22
(72)
24.5
(76.1)
29.3
(84.7)
30.8
(87.4)
29.9
(85.8)
29.5
(85.1)
29.1
(84.4)
29.6
(85.3)
29.2
(84.6)
28.5
(83.3)
26.3
(79.3)
23.4
(74.1)
27.7
(81.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)
12.8
(55.0)
16.1
(61.0)
19.5
(67.1)
22.1
(71.8)
24
(75)
24.6
(76.3)
24.6
(76.3)
23.5
(74.3)
19.7
(67.5)
15.2
(59.4)
11.8
(53.2)
18.7
(65.7)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4)
7.2
(45.0)
12.5
(54.5)
16.5
(61.7)
18.6
(65.5)
22.0
(71.6)
23.4
(74.1)
23.6
(74.5)
21.9
(71.4)
16.8
(62.2)
11.9
(53.4)
7.7
(45.9)
6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4)
3.5
(38.3)
6.2
(43.2)
9.6
(49.3)
15.0
(59.0)
20.0
(68.0)
21.0
(69.8)
18.4
(65.1)
19.8
(67.6)
12.3
(54.1)
6.4
(43.5)
2.4
(36.3)
1.9
(35.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 23
(0.9)
24
(0.9)
34
(1.3)
76
(3.0)
249
(9.8)
628
(24.7)
843
(33.2)
589
(23.2)
403
(15.9)
121
(4.8)
10
(0.4)
11
(0.4)
3,011
(118.5)
Average rainy days 4 4 5 11 17 20 21 20 18 8 2 2 132
Average relative humidity (%) 69 65 54 63 79 88 90 88 87 80 70 68 75
Average ultraviolet index 5 7 9 11 12 13 14 13 11 8 5 4 9
Source 1: normal temperatures[61][62]Ultraviolet Index[63]
Source 2: Extremes(India Meteorological Department[64]), Mean maximum and Mean minimum temperatures[65]
Climate data for Darjeeling (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2)
19.2
(66.6)
24.0
(75.2)
27.0
(80.6)
25.7
(78.3)
27.7
(81.9)
28.0
(82.4)
28.5
(83.3)
27.5
(81.5)
26.0
(78.8)
24.5
(76.1)
20.0
(68.0)
28.5
(83.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)
12.4
(54.3)
15.6
(60.1)
18.5
(65.3)
19.3
(66.7)
19.8
(67.6)
19.6
(67.3)
20.0
(68.0)
19.8
(67.6)
19.5
(67.1)
17.1
(62.8)
14.0
(57.2)
17.2
(63.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0)
7.7
(45.9)
10.6
(51.1)
13.7
(56.7)
14.9
(58.8)
16.3
(61.3)
16.5
(61.7)
16.7
(62.1)
16.1
(61.0)
15.0
(59.0)
11.7
(53.1)
8.9
(48.0)
12.9
(55.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7)
2.9
(37.2)
5.7
(42.3)
8.8
(47.8)
10.6
(51.1)
12.8
(55.0)
13.4
(56.1)
13.4
(56.1)
12.4
(54.3)
10.5
(50.9)
6.3
(43.3)
3.8
(38.8)
8.5
(47.3)
Record low °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0)
−6.4
(20.5)
−4.8
(23.4)
0.0
(32.0)
1.4
(34.5)
6.6
(43.9)
3.9
(39.0)
8.0
(46.4)
6.2
(43.2)
3.2
(37.8)
−4.4
(24.1)
−4.6
(23.7)
−7.2
(19.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 13.5
(0.53)
14.0
(0.55)
30.8
(1.21)
76.9
(3.03)
137.9
(5.43)
466.0
(18.35)
656.7
(25.85)
528.2
(20.80)
379.7
(14.95)
59.1
(2.33)
14.4
(0.57)
2.9
(0.11)
2,380
(93.70)
Average rainy days 1.1 1.5 2.8 6.8 10.5 18.8 22.9 21.7 14.9 2.9 0.6 0.7 105.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 81 78 75 78 88 93 94 92 90 84 75 74 84
Mean daily sunshine hours 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 2.4 2.5 3.3 3.2 5.4 6.3 6.1 4.5
Average ultraviolet index 5 6 9 11 13 15 15 14 12 9 6 4 10
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[66][67] UV Index[68]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun 1891–1990)[69]
Climate data for Jalpaiguri (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.4
(95.7)
35.4
(95.7)
37.3
(99.1)
40.0
(104.0)
40.4
(104.7)
39.4
(102.9)
40.9
(105.6)
38.4
(101.1)
38.5
(101.3)
38.4
(101.1)
38.4
(101.1)
35.4
(95.7)
40.9
(105.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 27.2
(81.0)
29.7
(85.5)
34.1
(93.4)
35.8
(96.4)
36.4
(97.5)
36.7
(98.1)
36.4
(97.5)
36.3
(97.3)
35.6
(96.1)
34.3
(93.7)
32.5
(90.5)
29.4
(84.9)
37.4
(99.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.5
(74.3)
26.5
(79.7)
30.1
(86.2)
31.8
(89.2)
32.2
(90.0)
32.3
(90.1)
32.1
(89.8)
32.8
(91.0)
32.0
(89.6)
31.5
(88.7)
29.4
(84.9)
26.0
(78.8)
30.1
(86.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)
13.4
(56.1)
17.3
(63.1)
21.1
(70.0)
23.3
(73.9)
25.0
(77.0)
25.5
(77.9)
25.6
(78.1)
24.7
(76.5)
21.8
(71.2)
17.0
(62.6)
12.8
(55.0)
20.0
(68.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9)
9.2
(48.6)
12.8
(55.0)
16.4
(61.5)
19.7
(67.5)
21.3
(70.3)
22.7
(72.9)
23.3
(73.9)
21.5
(70.7)
18.3
(64.9)
13.8
(56.8)
8.7
(47.7)
8.4
(47.1)
Record low °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8)
2.2
(36.0)
7.8
(46.0)
10.3
(50.5)
11.5
(52.7)
15.5
(59.9)
18.1
(64.6)
18.1
(64.6)
17.7
(63.9)
15.4
(59.7)
9.4
(48.9)
5.6
(42.1)
2.2
(36.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 9.0
(0.35)
16.1
(0.63)
35.2
(1.39)
118.7
(4.67)
332.2
(13.08)
628.4
(24.74)
917.3
(36.11)
624.1
(24.57)
511.1
(20.12)
154.1
(6.07)
7.1
(0.28)
3.3
(0.13)
3,356.9
(132.16)
Average rainy days 0.8 1.1 2.3 6.9 12.5 17.4 21.2 17.5 14.3 5.4 0.7 0.3 100.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 08:30 IST) 87 81 73 76 81 86 89 87 87 83 79 83 83
Source: India Meteorological Department[70][71]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.0
(91.4)
37.0
(98.6)
42.0
(107.6)
45.9
(114.6)
46.6
(115.9)
47.0
(116.6)
41.6
(106.9)
36.8
(98.2)
39.1
(102.4)
37.1
(98.8)
34.2
(93.6)
30.7
(87.3)
47.0
(116.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 28.7
(83.7)
32.8
(91.0)
38.2
(100.8)
41.3
(106.3)
41.7
(107.1)
40.2
(104.4)
36.2
(97.2)
34.9
(94.8)
35.1
(95.2)
34.3
(93.7)
32.1
(89.8)
29.1
(84.4)
42.3
(108.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24.7
(76.5)
28.2
(82.8)
33.4
(92.1)
36.6
(97.9)
36.7
(98.1)
34.9
(94.8)
32.9
(91.2)
32.5
(90.5)
32.4
(90.3)
31.6
(88.9)
29.5
(85.1)
26.1
(79.0)
31.6
(88.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9)
14.7
(58.5)
19.3
(66.7)
23.3
(73.9)
25.0
(77.0)
26.0
(78.8)
26.0
(78.8)
26.0
(78.8)
25.3
(77.5)
22.5
(72.5)
17.3
(63.1)
13.0
(55.4)
20.8
(69.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 7.8
(46.0)
10.5
(50.9)
14.6
(58.3)
19.0
(66.2)
20.8
(69.4)
22.7
(72.9)
23.9
(75.0)
23.8
(74.8)
23.1
(73.6)
18.5
(65.3)
13.0
(55.4)
9.4
(48.9)
7.7
(45.9)
Record low °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0)
6.0
(42.8)
11.2
(52.2)
14.6
(58.3)
18.1
(64.6)
18.7
(65.7)
20.0
(68.0)
22.4
(72.3)
17.7
(63.9)
15.6
(60.1)
9.7
(49.5)
6.1
(43.0)
5.0
(41.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.6
(0.46)
25.1
(0.99)
33.2
(1.31)
52.0
(2.05)
113.8
(4.48)
229.7
(9.04)
343.2
(13.51)
296.7
(11.68)
267.5
(10.53)
87.7
(3.45)
10.5
(0.41)
9.0
(0.35)
1,479.9
(58.26)
Average rainy days 1.2 1.9 2.4 3.5 6.3 11.6 15.7 15.1 11.9 4.7 0.9 0.5 75.6
Average relative humidity (%) (at 08:30 IST) 76 68 61 66 73 80 85 86 86 81 75 75 76
Source: India Meteorological Department[72][73]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.9
(94.8)
37.2
(99.0)
44.5
(112.1)
46.4
(115.5)
48.3
(118.9)
46.9
(116.4)
40.4
(104.7)
42.4
(108.3)
40.3
(104.5)
39.5
(103.1)
37.8
(100.0)
34.0
(93.2)
48.3
(118.9)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 28.7
(83.7)
32.8
(91.0)
38.3
(100.9)
40.7
(105.3)
41.2
(106.2)
39.4
(102.9)
36.0
(96.8)
35.9
(96.6)
36.0
(96.8)
35.8
(96.4)
33.6
(92.5)
30.2
(86.4)
42.4
(108.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.5
(77.9)
29.0
(84.2)
34.0
(93.2)
37.0
(98.6)
36.5
(97.7)
34.9
(94.8)
33.0
(91.4)
33.2
(91.8)
33.1
(91.6)
33.0
(91.4)
31.0
(87.8)
27.3
(81.1)
32.3
(90.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.2
(54.0)
15.5
(59.9)
19.8
(67.6)
23.7
(74.7)
25.0
(77.0)
26.1
(79.0)
26.1
(79.0)
26.3
(79.3)
25.8
(78.4)
23.9
(75.0)
19.1
(66.4)
14.3
(57.7)
21.5
(70.7)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0)
11.5
(52.7)
15.4
(59.7)
19.3
(66.7)
20.9
(69.6)
23.2
(73.8)
24.0
(75.2)
24.0
(75.2)
23.4
(74.1)
20.3
(68.5)
14.9
(58.8)
10.9
(51.6)
8.8
(47.8)
Record low °C (°F) 3.9
(39.0)
5.0
(41.0)
8.9
(48.0)
15.0
(59.0)
15.3
(59.5)
16.6
(61.9)
21.0
(69.8)
19.6
(67.3)
21.1
(70.0)
15.6
(60.1)
8.3
(46.9)
5.7
(42.3)
3.9
(39.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 8.2
(0.32)
17.7
(0.70)
22.3
(0.88)
52.4
(2.06)
129.4
(5.09)
229.2
(9.02)
293.7
(11.56)
269.7
(10.62)
298.5
(11.75)
126.7
(4.99)
9.9
(0.39)
7.6
(0.30)
1,465.5
(57.70)
Average rainy days 0.8 1.4 1.9 3.0 6.6 12 13.5 13.7 12.6 5.1 0.8 0.5 71.8
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 63 60 53 58 68 79 85 84 84 78 67 65 70
Source: India Meteorological Department[74][75]

References

  1. ^ "চার জেলায় বৃষ্টির সম্ভাবনা, বাকি রাজ্য থাকবে 'শুখা'". Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  2. ^ "আগামী কয়েকদিন তাপমাত্রা বাড়লেও ঝড়বৃষ্টি পেতে পারে দক্ষিণবঙ্গ". 3 March 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Kolkata records year's highest temperature at 39.6". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Kolkata records hottest day of the season as heat wave heats hard". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Temperature touches 41 degrees on hottest day". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  6. ^ "৪৪ ডিগ্রি সেলসিয়াসে শ্রীনিকেতন, ঘামে নাকাল কলকাতা". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  7. ^ "৪০ ডিগ্রিতে পুড়ছে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ". 10 May 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  8. ^ "বর্ষা খুঁড়িয়ে হাঁটায় দহনও বে-লাগাম". Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Kolkata reels under heatwave, Bankura sizzles at 45.1 degrees Celsius". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  10. ^ "Purulia scorches at 49 degrees". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  11. ^ "summer agony in monsoon season heat wave persists in several states". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  12. ^ "৪৩ ডিগ্রি গরমে পুড়ছে বাঁকুড়া". Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  13. ^ "জ্বলছে বাংলা, একেবারেই অন্য চিত্র উত্তরবঙ্গের এলাকাগুলোতে". 30 April 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  14. ^ "Kalbaishakhi may come in south Bengal, says Weather Office". 14 May 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  15. ^ "Pre monsoon rain will continue in North Bengal, South Bengal will face discomfort weather". 29 May 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  16. ^ "ঘূর্ণিঝড় 'ফনি'-র প্রভাব বাংলায়! কবে কোথায়, জেনে নিন আবহাওয়া দফতরের সতর্কবার্তা". 29 April 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  18. ^ "স্বাভাবিক সময়েই এলো বর্ষা, ভারী বর্ষণের পূর্বাভাস বঙ্গে". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  19. ^ "১০ বছরে উষ্ণতম জুলাই, শহরে ৩৭ ডিগ্রি!". Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  20. ^ "গরমে নাকাল শিলিগুড়ি". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  21. ^ "ঘড়িতে সাড়ে বারোটা, পারদে ৪০ ডিগ্রি". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  22. ^ "দার্জিলিঙে ঘুরছে পাখা, সমতলে ৩৯ ডিগ্রি!". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  23. ^ "রেকর্ড ভেঙে ৪১ ডিগ্রিতে জলপাইগুড়ির পারদ". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  24. ^ "Many parts of Sikkim is feeling above 30 degrees temperatures". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  25. ^ "ভারী বর্ষণের সম্ভাবনা বাড়ছে উত্তরবঙ্গে". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  26. ^ "ভাসছে উত্তর, বৃষ্টির প্রতীক্ষায় দক্ষিণবঙ্গ". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  27. ^ "Good Monsoon rains in Siliguri and Jalpaiguri". 26 June 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  28. ^ "Siliguri is logging in 337 mm rain". Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  29. ^ "250 mm of rainfall destroyed lifestyle of North". 23 September 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  30. ^ "Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  31. ^ "শহর-শহরতলির তাপমাত্রা নামল স্বাভাবিকের ৩ ডিগ্রি নীচে, দেশজুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহের সতর্কতা". Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  32. ^ "রাজ্যের ৫ জেলায় বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস, শৈত্যপ্রবাহ নিয়ে বিশেষ সতর্কবার্তা দিল হাওয়া অফিস". 6 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  33. ^ "উত্তরে যেমন নামছে পারদ , সঙ্গে মিলছে বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস". Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  34. ^ "Cyclone Bulbul in West Bengal: Latest News & Videos, Photos about Cyclone Bulbul in West Bengal | the Economic Times - Page 1".
  35. ^ "Bay of Bengal Cyclone: Latest News, Videos and Bay of Bengal Cyclone Photos | Times of India". The Times of India.
  36. ^ "Winter Season from December to February likely to be Warmer in Various Parts of Country". Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  37. ^ "সান্দাকফুতে তুষারপাত, বরফে ঢাকল ছাঙ্গুও". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  38. ^ "বরফমোড়া সান্দাকফু, সম্ভাবনা দার্জিলিঙেও". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  39. ^ "এপ্রিলে তুষারপাত বাংলায়". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  40. ^ "মাঘে এল বাঘা শীত". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  41. ^ "রাজ্য জুড়ে শৈত্যপ্রবাহ". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  42. ^ "পারদ পড়ে রোজই রেকর্ড গড়ছে ঠান্ডা". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  43. ^ "শীতে কাঁপছে উত্তরবঙ্গ, শিলিগুড়িতে পারদ নামল ৩ ডিগ্রিতে". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  44. ^ "৪.৪ ডিগ্রি! শিলিগুড়ির চাই রুম হিটার". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  45. ^ "কমছে পারদ, আগামী ২৪ ঘন্টায় জাঁকিয়ে পড়বে শীত". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  46. ^ "তীব্র শীতে কাঁপছে কলকাতা সহ রাজ্য". 9 January 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  47. ^ "কলকাতায় ১০.৬ ডিগ্রি, দমদমে ৯.৫, শ্রীনিকেতনে ৫.৮". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  48. ^ "শীতের দাপটে কাঁপছে রাজ্য, পারদ নামল তিন ডিগ্রি". Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  49. ^ "আরও নামল তাপমাত্রা! ১০ বছরে দ্বিতীয় সর্বনিম্ন কলকাতা, শিলিগুড়ি ৫.৫ ডিগ্রি". 29 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  50. ^ "১১.৯ ডিগ্রি, শীতলতম দিন কলকাতায়". Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  51. ^ "Climatological Normals for Indian Stations" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  52. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  53. ^ "Station: Calcutta (Alipur) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 161–162. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  54. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M237. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  55. ^ "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India" (PDF). Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  56. ^ "Kolkata (Alipore) (42807)". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  57. ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Kolkata, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  58. ^ "Normals Data: Kolkata/Alipore - India Latitude: 22.53°N Longitude: 88.33°E Height: 6 (m)". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  59. ^ a b "Climatological Tables 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  60. ^ "Normals Data: Kolkata/Dum Dum - India Latitude: 22.65°N Longitude: 88.45°E Height: 6 (m)". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  61. ^ "Climate data for Siliguri". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  62. ^ "Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata". Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  63. ^ "Average UV Index for Siliguri". Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  64. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M229. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  65. ^ "Climate for Siliguri city". Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  66. ^ "Station: Darjeeling Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 227–228. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  67. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  68. ^ "UV Index, Darjeeling". Weather Online India. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  69. ^ "Klimatafel von Darjeeling, West Bengal / Indische Union" [Climate table of Darjeeling, West Bengal / Indian Union] (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Meteorological Service). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  70. ^ "Station: Jalpaiguri, Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 351–352. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  71. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M236. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  72. ^ "Station: Shantiniketan, Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  73. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M240. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  74. ^ "Behrampore Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 200–201. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  75. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. 231. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.

Notes