Moyale
Moyale
Moyaalee | |
|---|---|
 On the road to Awassa | |
  Moyale Location of Moyale | |
| Coordinates: 3°31′37″N 39°03′22″E / 3.527°N 39.056°E | |
| Countries | Ethiopia |
| Region | Somali Region[1] and Oromia |
| Zone | Liben Zone[2] and Borena Zone |
| District | Moyale[3][circular reference] and Moyale |
| Elevation | 1,090 m (3,580 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 134,314 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
Moyale is a market town, found between the border of Ethiopia and Kenya, the administrative center for two woredas; Moyale of Somali Region and Moyale Oromia in Ethiopia.
Moyale is the main border post on the Nairobi-Addis Ababa road, lying north of the Dide Galgalu Desert. It is known for its traditional architecture.
History
An early settler at Moyale was a Greek by the name of Zaphiro, who had a station which he had named "Fort Harrington". When C.W. Gwynn visited in 1908, Zaphiro's station consisted of a garden that covered several acres and his house, located on a spur projecting from the Boran highlands, and providing access through the line of cliffs that run along the border. "This route may well become some day a considerable trade artery," Gwynn predicted. "Fort Harrington is therefore well placed as a healthy administrative post and as a possible commercial centre."[4]
During World War II, both parts of the town were captured by Italians from Ethiopia in 1940, and retaken by the British on 15 July 1941.
Tensions rose in the Kenyan side of Moyale in early 1999, after an Imam was shot dead during an Ethiopian raid across the Ethiopian-Kenyan border in pursuit of rebels of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). The Kenyan residents of the town, held demonstrations condemning the action, which they attributed to Ethiopian security men who believed he was a sympathizer of the OLF.[5] In March 2018, nine civilians were killed by the Ethiopian National Defense Force near Moyale after being misidentified as Oromo Liberation Front militants.[6]
In November 2009, Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi announced plans to extend the Ethiopian railroad to Moyale. This would facilitate Kenyan plans, which at the time were at an advanced stage, to develop the port of Lamu and connect it to the Kenyan side of Moyale with a tarmac road.[7]
This business town is disputed between the two dominant ethnic groups who are Oromos and Somalis. Moyale saw four days of ethnic clashes in July 2012 over a long-standing land dispute between Borana and Garre communities,[8] exacerbated by drought conditions.[9] The fighting left at least eighteen dead, and more than twenty thousand people fled across the border into Kenya.[8]
Demographics
For the Ethiopian share of Moyale, based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, it has an estimated total population of 25,038 of whom 13,665 are men and 11,373 are women.[10] The 1994 Ethiopian census reported that the Ethiopian side of Moyale had a total population of 13,962, of whom 7,411 were men and 6,551 were women. (This total also includes an estimate for parts of the town of Moyale, which were not counted; for these parts of the town, it was estimated there were 3,419 inhabitants, of whom 1,752 were men and 1,667 were women.) The five largest ethnic groups reported in Moyale were the Borana Oromo (50.94%), the Garre Somali (15.15%), the Burji (11.75%), the Degodia Somali (5.10%), the Amhara (9.42%), the Hawadle Somali (4.54%), the Welayta (4.82%), and the Silt'e (4.28%).[11] Other groups reported in Moyale include the Borana Oromo and the Garre Somali. Oromiffa was spoken as a first language by 46.53%, second were 25.76% spoke by Somali, 11.17% spoke Amharic, 9.96% spoke Burji, 3.96% spoke Welayta, and 3.62% spoke Silt'e.[11]
The Kenyan part of Moyale has an urban population of 9,276 (1999 census).[12]
Climate
| Climate data for Moyale, Kenya (1958-1994) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.4 (93.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.6 (87.1) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.9 (0.43) |
18.5 (0.73) |
53.3 (2.10) |
176.8 (6.96) |
119.6 (4.71) |
16.8 (0.66) |
16.5 (0.65) |
16.5 (0.65) |
27.4 (1.08) |
95.8 (3.77) |
80.8 (3.18) |
38.6 (1.52) |
671.5 (26.44) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[13] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ http://www.africa.upenn.edu/eue_web/libanzon.htm
- ^ http://www.africa.upenn.edu/eue_web/libanzon.htm
- ^ Moyale, Somali (woreda)
- ^ C. W. Gwynn, "A Journey in Southern Abyssinia", Geographical Journal, 38 (August 1911), p. 122
- ^ "Horn of Africa, Monthly Review, December '98-January '99", UN-OCHA Archive (accessed 23 February 2009)
- ^ Maasho, Aaron (March 11, 2018). Potter, Mark (ed.). "Ethiopian soldiers kill nine civilians mistaken for militants". Reuters.
- ^ "Kenya, Ethiopia for joint infrastructure (November 24, 2009)" Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, press release of the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (accessed 28 December 2009)
- ^ a b "Ethiopia: 20,000 flee Moyale clashes - Red Cross". BBC News. 28 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ "Many killed in Ethiopia ethnic clashes". Al Jazeera. 28 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ CSA 2005 National Statistics, Table B.4
- ^ a b 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1, part 1, Tables 2.1, 2.3, 2.14, 2.17 (accessed 6 April 2009)
- ^ Info at web.archive.org
- ^ "KENYA - MOYALE". Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
External links
| International | |
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| National | |
