GMC (automobile)

GMC Division of General Motors LLC
Company type	Division; LLC
Industry	Automotive
Predecessors	Rapid Motor Vehicle Company; Reliance Motor Car Company
Founded	July 22, 1911; 112 years ago
Founder	William C. Durant
Headquarters	Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Area served	Worldwide;
Products	Automobiles; Commercial vehicles; Trucks
Services	Vehicle financing; Vehicle insurance;
Parent	General Motors
Website	gmc.com

GMC (General Motors Truck Company), formally the GMC Division of General Motors LLC, is a division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM) that primarily focuses on trucks and utility vehicles. GMC sells pickup and commercial trucks, buses, vans, military vehicles, and sport utility vehicles marketed worldwide by General Motors.

History

GMC traces its history to the 1902 founding of the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company in Pontiac, MI. In 1909 William C. Durant gained control of Rapid Motor Vehicle Company and made it a subsidiary of his General Motors Company. In 1908 Durant gained control of Reliance Motor Car Company, another early commercial vehicle manufacturer. In 1911 General Motors formed the General Motors Truck Company and folded Rapid and Reliance into it. In 1912 the Rapid and Reliance names were dropped in favor of “GMC.” All General Motors truck production was consolidated at the former Rapid Motor Plant 1 in Pontiac, MI.^[1]

GMC maintained three manufacturing locations in Pontiac, Michigan, Oakland, California, and Saint Louis, Missouri.

In 1916, a GMC Truck crossed the country from Seattle to New York City in thirty days, and in 1926, a 2-ton GMC truck was driven from New York to San Francisco in five days and 30 minutes. During the Second World War, GMC Truck produced 600,000 trucks for use by the United States Armed Forces.

In 1925, GM purchased a controlling interest in Yellow Coach, a bus and taxicab manufacturer based in Chicago, Illinois which was founded by John D. Hertz. The company was renamed Yellow Truck & Coach Manufacturing Company (YT&CMC), a affiliated subsidiary of General Motors. All manufacturing operations of General Motors Truck Company were placed under YT&CMC. In 1928 Plant 2 opened and all headquarters staff moved to the administration building at 660 South Boulevard E in Pontiac, MI. In 1943, GM purchased the remaining interest in YT&CMC and renamed it GMC Truck and Coach Division.^[2]

In 1981, GMC Truck & Coach Division became part of GM Worldwide Truck & Bus Group. Bus production ended in May 1987 and the division name was changed from GMC Truck & Coach to GMC Truck Division. The Canadian plant (in London, Ontario) produced buses from 1962 until July 1987. GM withdrew from the bus and coach market because of increased competition in the late 1970s and 1980s. Rights to the RTS model were sold to Transportation Manufacturing Corporation, while Motor Coach Industries of Canada purchased the Classic design.^[3] In 1998, GMC's official branding on vehicles was shortened from "GMC Truck" to simply "GMC".

In 1996, GM merged GMC Truck Division with the Pontiac Motor Division in order to "give the combined division a brand image projecting physical power and outdoor activity".^[4] While many GMC and Chevrolet trucks are mechanically identical, GMC is positioned as a premium offering to the mainstream Chevrolet brand, with luxury vehicles such as the Denali series.

In 2002, GMC celebrated its 100 anniversary and released a book entitled GMC: The First 100 Years, a complete history of the company.

In 2007, GMC introduced the Acadia, a crossover SUV, which was the division's first unibody vehicle whose predecessor, the GMT-360 based Envoy, was discontinued with the closure of GM's Moraine, Ohio plant on December 23, 2008.

In 2009, GMC ended production of medium-duty commercial trucks after over 100 years.^[5] In the same year, GMC introduced the Terrain, a mid-size crossover SUV based on the GM Theta platform shared with the Chevrolet Equinox. It replaced the Pontiac Torrent after the brand's demise.

GMC currently manufactures SUVs, pickup trucks, vans, and light-duty trucks, catered to a premium-based market. In the past, GMC also produced fire trucks, ambulances, heavy-duty trucks, military vehicles, motorhomes, transit buses, and medium duty trucks; the latter to become exclusive to Chevrolet with the launch of the 4500HD/5500HD Silverado in 2018.^[6]

Platform sharing with Chevrolet

1919 GMC Tanker

1920 Chevrolet tow truck

1946 Chevrolet Pickup

1941 GMC Model 9314

2008 GMC Sierra

2010 Chevrolet Silverado

Beginning in 1920, GMC and Chevrolet trucks became largely similar, built as variants of the same platform, sharing much the same body sheetwork, except for nameplates and grilles – though their differences, especially engines, have varied over the years. GMC advertising marketed its trucks to commercial buyers and businesses, whereas the Chevy's targeted private ownership. From 1939 to 1974 GMC had its own line of six cylinder engines, first the inline sixes known as "Jimmy's" from 1939–1959, and then their own Vee-six from 1960–1974, of which a V8 and a V12 version also existed. Additionally, from 1955 through 1959, the less than 2-ton, domestic GMC gasoline trucks were equipped with Pontiac, Buick, and Oldsmobile V8s—whereas the Canadian models used Chevrolet engines. New Chevrolet vehicles are sold exclusively at Chevrolet dealerships, GMC vehicles are sold alongside Buick and Cadillac dealerships (Pontiac and Oldsmobile branded dealerships also had a similar arrangement). Stand alone GMC franchises exist for sales of the entire GMC line up and includes medium and light-duty commercial models as well. This crossover allowed GM dealers that did not sell Chevrolets to offer full lineups of both cars, trucks, and SUVs by offering GMC's trucks and SUVs. Between 1962 and 1972, most GMC vehicles were equipped with quad-headlights, while their Chevrolet clones were equipped with dual-headlights.

In 1971, GMC marketed their version of the Chevrolet El Camino, which was based on the Chevrolet Chevelle. Called Sprint, it was virtually identical to the El Camino, and a sport version, the SP, was equivalent to the El Camino SS. In 1973, with GM’s introduction of the new "rounded line" series trucks, GMC and Chevrolet trucks became even more similar, ending production of GMC's quad-headlight models, and setting the standard for the Chevrolet/GMC line of trucks for over thirty years.^{[citation needed]}

GMC models

Light-duty trucks

Model	Introduced	Discontinued	Notes
C and E series^[7]	1941	1947	Little difference with the Chevrolet Art Deco trucks
New Design series	1947	1955	Little difference with the Chevrolet Advance-Design trucks
Blue Chip series	1955	1959	Pontiac Powered, similar to the Chevrolet Task-Force trucks
C and K Series	1960	1998	half–, three-quarter– and one-ton trucks, with Sierra, Sierra Grande, High Sierra, and Sierra Classic trim lines
Sprint	1971	1977	Coupe utility – GMC version of the 1971 to 1977 Chevrolet El Camino
Caballero	1978	1987	Coupe utility – GMC version of the 1978 to 1987 Chevrolet El Camino
S-15	1982	1990	Became the Sonoma in 1991
Sonoma	1991	2004	Formerly the S-15 1982–1990
Syclone	1991	1991	High performance version of the Sonoma
Sierra	1996	current	GMC version of Chevrolet Silverado medium- and heavy-duty pickup
Canyon	2004	current	GMC version of Chevrolet Colorado midsize pickup

Medium-duty trucks

Model	Introduced	Discontinued	Notes
Varies, first letter denotes production year: A=1939-1940, C=1941-1945, E=1946, F=1947-1950, Z=1954, Y=1955, X=1956, T=1957, S=1958-1959, N=1960; Second letter denotes cab style: C=cab behind engine, F=cab over engine	1939	1959	Line sold to Navistar, now marketed under the WorkHorse brand.
L-Series	1960	c.1984	Steel Tilt Cab
TopKick	1980	1996
C-Series	1960	2009
Forward	1980s	2010
W-Series	1984	2010	Rebranded Isuzu Elf
T-Series	1994	2010
TopKick	2003	2009	Model used for Ironhide in the Transformers film series

Heavy-duty trucks

Model	Introduced	Discontinued	Notes
DLR/F/“Crackerbox”	1959	1968	Aluminium Tilt Cab
B-Model	1960	1966
7500	1963	1978
9500	1966	1978
Astro 95	1968	1988
General	1977	1988
Brigadier	1978	1988

Buses

Model	Introduced	Discontinued	Notes
P-series^[8]	1940s^[9]	1980	"Parlor" (highway) coaches
"Old Look"	1940^[9]	1969	transit
"New Look"	1959	1986	transit
RTS	1977	1987	transit
Classic	1982	1987	transit
B-series	1966	2003	school bus
S-series	1986	1989	school bus (forward control)

Vans

Model	Introduced	Discontinued	Notes
Handi-Van	1964	1970
Handi-Bus	1964	1970
Rally	1970	1996	GMC version of the Chevrolet Sportvan
Vandura	1970	1996	GMC version of the Chevrolet Chevy Van
Safari	1985	2005	GMC version of the Chevrolet Astro
Savana	1996	current	GMC version of the Chevrolet Express

SUVs

Model	Introduced	Discontinued	Notes
Suburban	1937	2000	Rebranded as Yukon XL
Jimmy	1969	2005	GMC version of the Chevrolet Blazer
S-15 Jimmy	1983	2005
Tracker	1989	1991	Canada only
Typhoon	1992	1993	High performance version of the S-15 Jimmy
Yukon	1992	current	GMC version of the Chevrolet Tahoe
Envoy	1998	2009	GMC version of the Chevrolet TrailBlazer
Yukon Hybrid	2009	2013	GMC version of Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid and Cadillac Escalade Hybrid
Yukon XL	2001	current	Formerly the Suburban
Acadia	2007	current	GMC version of the Chevrolet Traverse; became a mid-size crossover SUV commencing with the 2017 model year
Terrain	2010	current	GMC version of the Chevrolet Equinox