Port of Tianjin operations and logistics
![]() | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Repeated lede section and other information from Port of Tianjin. (January 2014) |
Port of Tianjin 天津港 | |
---|---|
Lua error in Module:Mapframe at line 384: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'lat_d' (a nil value). Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
Location | |
Country | ![]() |
Location | Tianjin |
Coordinates | 38°59' N 117°47' E |
Details | |
Opened | 1860 (Port of Tanggu); 1952-10-17 (Tianjin Xingang reopening) |
Operated by | Tianjin Port Group Ltd |
Owned by | Tianjin State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission |
Type of harbour | Deep-water Seaport/Riverport |
Land area | 121 km2[1] |
Size | 260 km2 (470 km2 total jurisdictional area) |
No. of berths | 217; Production Berths: 140 (2010)[2] |
Employees | 20,000 (2008) |
Chairman | Yu Rumin |
UN/LOCODE | CNTXG or CNTSN (formerly CNTJP/CNTGU) |
World Port Index Number | 60190 |
Nautical Charts | 94363/0 (NGA/NIMA); 2653/4 (Admiralty); 11773/4(Chinese) |
Statistics | |
Annual cargo tonnage | 453 million tonnes (2011)[3] |
Annual container volume | 11.5 million TEU (2011) |
Value of cargo | 197.249 billion USD (2011)[4] |
Passenger traffic | 110,000 cruiser passengers (2012)[5] |
Annual revenue | 21.5 billion RMB (2011)[6] |
Net income | 1.678 billion RMB (2011)[7] |
Website http://www.ptacn.com |
Template:Contains Chinese text 38°59′N 117°47′E / 38.983°N 117.783°E
The Port of Tianjin (Tianjin Gang, Chinese: 天津港; pinyin: tiānjīn gǎng), formerly known as the Port of Tanggu, is the largest port in Northern China and the main maritime gateway to Beijing. The name "Tianjin Xingang"(Chinese: 天津新港; pinyin: tiānjīn xīngǎng; lit. 'Tianjin New Port'), which strictly speaking refers only to the main seaport area, is sometimes used to refer to the whole port. The Port is located on the western shore of the Bohai Bay, centered on the estuary of the Haihe River, 170 km south east of Beijing and 60 km east of Tianjin city. It is the largest man-made port in mainland China,[8] and one of the largest in the world. It covers 121 square kilometers of land surface, with over 31.9 km of quay shoreline and 151 production berths at the end of 2010.[9]
Tianjin Port handled 476 million tonnes of cargo and 12.3 million TEU of containers in 2012,[10] making it the world's fourth largest port by throughput tonnage, and the tenth in container throughput.[11] The port trades with more than 600 ports in 180 countries and territories around the world.[2] It is served by over 115 regular container lines.[12] run by 60 liner companies, including all the top 20 liners. Expansion in the last two decades has been enormous, going from 30 million tonnes of cargo and 490,000 TEU[13] in 1993 to well beyond 400 million tonnes and 10 million TEU at present (2012).[14] Capacity is still increasing at a high rate, with 550–600 Mt of throughput capacity expected by 2015.
The port is part of the Binhai New Area district of Tianjin Municipality, the main special economic zone of Northern China, and it lies directly east of the TEDA. The Port of Tianjin is at the core of the ambitious development program of the BNA, and as part of that plan, the Port aims to become the primary logistics and shipping hub of North China.
Business Structure and Planning
Ownership Structure
![a diagram showing ownership proportions](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/TianjinPortOwnershipStructureAfter2009Merger.svg/220px-TianjinPortOwnershipStructureAfter2009Merger.svg.png)
The Port of Tianjin is a state-owned enterprise (SOE), run as an independent corporation, with separate finances and a commercial orientation. The Port Owner is the Tianjin Municipality People’s Government (天津市人民政), through the Tianjin SASAC (Tianjin State Assets Supervision and Administration Committee—天津国有资产监督管理委员会), which is the full owner of the Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG). TPG's board is appointed by the Tianjin government. TPG is the effective holding company and main Port Operator, and it owns or has a stake on the majority of the Port's various operating outfits.
Since the 2009 merger,[15] TPG’s main operating subsidiary is Tianjin Port Development Co. Ltd (TPD), which in turn is the majority shareholder of Tianjin Port Holdings Co. Ltd (TPC). TPG has been injecting operational assets to TPC for several years, and since 2009 to TPD (most recently the Shihua Crude Oil Terminal). This has created somewhat of a functional division. The listed TPD, directly or through TPC, controls all terminals and direct cargo-handling operations. TPG still directly controls most of the utility, support and ancillary units related to the Port, and retains control of strategic planning. TPG is also directly or indirectly a party in 53 joint ventures[16]
Financing and Capital Structure
TPG is a fairly large size SOE: it has been a member of the China 500 Enterprises since 2004, one of only two port operators in the list. At the end of 2011, Tianjin Port Group’s assets reached CN¥ 88.8 billion (up 12% from 2010), and fixed assets were worth CN¥ 13.5 billion (up 2.1%). Yearly operating income was CN¥ 21.5 billion (up 6.7%), and total added value reached CN¥ 7.2 billion (up 14.3%)[17] Like most SOEs, it has been attempting to diversify its sources of financing, relying more on securities and new types of debentures.[18]
Equity: The two main operator holding companies are listed. Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited (天津港股份有限公司) was listed as an A share (SSE: 600717) on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1996.[19] Tianjin Port Development Holdings Limited (天津港发展有限公司) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands and listed as a red chip stock (SEHK: 3382) on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2005.[20]
TPD (which as a Hong Kong listed company issues audited reports)in 2011 had an operating profit of HK$2,088,000,000 out of HK$16.548 billion of revenue. As of 30 June 2012, TPD had assets of HK$34.174 billion and HK$20.713 billion of total equity.[21] Despite healthy indicators, both TPC and TPD stock has performed weakly for the last few years, probably reflecting the market’s concerns about the potentially over-expanded port industry in China.[22][23]
Bonds and borrowing: As of August 2012, TPG had a credit rating of AAA according to Dagong Global Credit Rating.[24] TPG regularly issues short-term bonds for working capital replenishment, commonly in annual emissions of (bills worth CN¥ 3,000,000,000 in both 2011 and 2012).[25]
Despite elevated capital investment, the Port is not heavily leveraged. On 30 June 2012, TPD had HK$9.454 billion of consolidated borrowings for a debt/equity ratio of 0.16 and gearing ratio of 45.6%, while its liquidity is somewhat low at a current ratio of 0.9 and quick ratio of 0.84.[21] Cash flow from operations in 2011 was HK$2.604 billion, cash at reporting date was HK$4.575 billion.[26]
Tianjin Port Finance Company [27] operates as the in-house financial service provider for the Group. Besides basic services as discounting of commercial notes, bill settlement and payments clearing, the TJPFC redirect funds between units of the Group in the form of loans, which circumvents the legal prohibition of direct financial transfers between members of a conglomerate.
Business Model and Strategic Planning
Business Model: During the heyday of China’s export-led growth, the core task of the port (like the rest of the Chinese logistic system) was simply to provide outlets for the export sector, and inlets for their raw materials. With demand for shipping growing exponentially, the task for the Port was to keep up, increasing capability as fast as possible by expanding channels, building more berths, enhancing cargo handling capability and improving its ability to process more complex cargoes, faster.
The slowdown of global trade following the 2008 crisis, and the very magnitude of the port industry expansion, have called the sustainability of this model into question.[28] The clear and present danger of a major glut in capacity has created in China one of the fiercest competitive environment for ports in the world: margins have deteriorated throughout the industry, and capacity has kept on growing.[29]
The reaction by Port has been to attempt to position itself as the dominant regional hub, and accept the need to diversify the Port's productive activities into “four industries”: cargo handling, international logistics, port real estate and integrated services.
Strategic Planning: Tianjin Port great advantage lies in its role as the gateway to the Beijing-Tianjin megalopolis, and more widely as the beachhead for North China. The Port is also a key player in the (immensely ambitious) planning for the Tianjin Binhai New Area and the Bohai Rim area as a whole. The stated goal of the Twelfth Five Year Plan ("12-5") is to leverage that advantage into making the Port of Tianjin into the“Northern International Shipping and Logistic Center” (北方国际航运中心和国际物流中心)[note 1] which would serve as the hub of its hinterland in the Three Norths (三北, meaning China’s Northwest, the North China Plain and Northeast), playing the lynchpin role that the Port of Rotterdam plays for the Rhine economic area.[30]
Middle Term Plans: In expectation of a bad year for the shipping industry, TPG issued modest (compared to the recent past) growth targets for 2012: 470 million tonnes of total cargo and 12 M TEU.[31] Long term targets remain bullish, with the 12-5 goal of reaching 560 million tonnes, 18 million TEU, 95 international container lines, 40 national cargo lines, and 100 cruises a year by 2015,[32] an operating revenue of CN¥ 30 billion, fixed assets of CN¥ 74 billion and total assets of CN¥ 110 billion.[33]
Long Term Plans: The long term plans for the development of Tianjin Port are monumental in scale, consistent with the ambitious pace of change of the last decade. According to the "2010-2030 Comprehensive Plan for the Port of Tianjin", approved in late 2010, by 2020 Tianjin Port would extend from north (Hangu) to south (Dagang) for a distance of almost 90 km, with five independent shipping channels extending to the east all the way to the 23 m isobath line. By 2030, the planned land area of the Port will be 245 square km, with 200 km of quays and a staggering 390 deep-water production berths.[34] If these plans are realized, almost the whole of the Tianjin Municipality coast will form a single, continuous port and logistic center built almost exclusively on reclaimed land, in all likelihood the largest artificial port on earth.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tianjin_Port_Planning_Map_2030.svg/800px-Tianjin_Port_Planning_Map_2030.svg.png)
Port operations
The subsidiaries and partial-ownership partners of TPG are involved in all facets of port operation, including stevedoring, shipping agency, cargo handling, storage and transportation, infrastructure management, communications and information services, financial services, power supply, real estate development, health care, personnel training, education, port security, transportation, fire protection, port facilities management, environmental management, etc.[35]
The core activity of the Port is, naturally, cargo handling and processing. As a comprehensive port, it handles all sort of cargoes, including dry and liquid bulk, general cargo, containers, vehicles, and passengers. Tianjin Port operates 365 days a year, 24 hours a day (on three shifts at 00:00–08:00, 08:00–16:00 and 16:00–24:00).
Port production
Docking terminals and wharves: As of 2011, the Port had 217 berths (including service berths); 90 berths were capable of accommodating ships over 10,000 DWT. Of these, 72 could dock ships over 50,000 DWT; 30 over 100,000 DWT, 23 over 150,000 DWT, 5 over 200,000 DWT, and 2 over 300,000 DWT.[36]
The Port's docking terminals are operated by autonomous companies that are mostly either fully owned by, or are joint ventures with,TPC or TPD. While the 2004 Port Law allowed full foreign ownership of port facilities, TPG is still the majority shareholder of all but a few of the Port’s main terminals, excepting single-company (customs type II) terminals. Additional stevedoring personnel is provided by a number of labor services companies affiliated to various operators.
Secondary wharves tend to the service, supply and maintenance ships that a complex port needs to function. These facilities range from temporary sand unloading wharves, needed for construction,[37] to large bunkering wharves, workboat stations and the bases of the various law enforcement agencies.
Scheduling and Dispatching: The Tianjin Port Group’s Operations Department (天津港集团业务部) is in charge of coordinating the productive operation of the Port, and must be informed of all ship movements and major operations. The production schedule (ship movement plan) is arranged by the TPG Dispatch Control Center (天津港集团生产调度指中心), in coordination with the wharf operators, the MSA, and the pilot center. The Dispatch Center organizes ship movements, tracks pilotage operations, and supervises terminal operations via real-time CCTV monitoring.[38] The Dagukou port area has a separate dispatching center (天津临港经济区船舶调度指挥中心).
Foreign flag ships must engage a shipping agency, and the agency has responsibility of communicating with the Operations Department directly, giving notice of the vessel name and registration, nature of the ship, ship specifications, captain, goods type and quantity, and special needs (such as traffic diversion, tugs) 72 and 24 hours prior to arrival. Departures and in-harbor ship movements must be notified before 1130 on the day prior to movement (the planning day runs from 1800 to 1800). Emergency and short-notice movements require special permission.[39]
![two black and white tugboats berthed against a background of large cranes](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/TugsAtFirstPierTugWharfTianjinPort.jpg/220px-TugsAtFirstPierTugWharfTianjinPort.jpg)
Harbor Craft: The main provider of harbor craft is the Tianjin Port Tug & Lighter Company.[40] The TTLC operates the harbor tugs, fireboats, pilot boats and other ancillary craft such as the crew boat Xinbinhai, or the sightseeing boat Xinhaimen (used for inspection and visiting VIPs). The company operates 26 harbor tugs (between 2,600 HP and 6,000 HP of power), 5 pilot ships, 7 other ancillary crafts, 2 floating cranes (120 t and 200 t capacity); and around three dozen lighters, the largest around 1,340 t displacement. The Dagusha channel is served by a subsidiary company of TTLC, the Tianjin Lingang Tug Company (天津临港拖轮有限公司), operating four tugboats.[41]
Other work vessels: CNOOC Bohai Oil maintains a flotilla of 110 offshore support vessels (OSV),[42] many homeported at Tianjin. These boats are available for emergency work under MSA authority. Two of CNOOC's floating cranes (800 tonnes and 500 tonnes) can be commercially engaged for harbor duty.[43]
Port maintenance and construction
Facilities management: TPG operates as the port landlord, and provides most utilities, municipal services and ancillary services to the various port operators. The services it provides are very wide in scope, spanning everything from electrical power, to construction materials, to printing services. The main organ of TPG’s landlord function is the Tianjin Port Facilities Management Company (天津港设施管理服务公司), which manages and maintains all municipal services —including roads, railroads, bridges, water, and sewerage—, installs and maintains wharf equipment and other production material, provides municipal administration, and provides engineering consultancy services.[44]
Hydrographic Surveying and Charting: As an artificial port dependent on dredged channels susceptible to silting, continuous depth surveying is critical to the Port. Tianjin Port is the base of the Beihai Navigational Security Center's Tianjin Marine Survey and Charting Center (北海航海保障中心天津海事测绘中心)[45] with responsibility for the hydrographic surveying, monitoring, fairway sounding and charting of all waters and shipping channels in the Beihai (Northern Seas) area, which includes the Bohai and Yellow seas. As of 2011, the Hydrographic Brigade had 149 personnel,[45] two survey ships (Haice 051 and Haice 0502), surveying equipment including ROVs, and UAVs for aerial surveying[46]
Channel maintenance: The Tianjin Dredging Company [47] (天津航道局) is the organic waterway management company of the Tianjin Port Group. As of January 2010, the TDC deployed 100 boats, and had the largest dredging capacity of China, with a capacity of 300 million cubic meters and more than 500,000 kW of vessel power.[43] Despite these numbers, the scale of fairway expansion and land reclamation in the Port means that several other construction companies operate large numbers of dredging vessels as well.[48]
Dredging the Haihe Channel is the responsibility of the Tianjin Municipal Water Management Bureau (天津市水务局),which maintains both navigability and river flow capacity (set at 800 m3/s). The Water Management dredgers operate from wharves at the Haihe Second Barrier and at the Haihe Tidal Barrier.[49]
Icebreaking: Routine icebreaking is usually handled by the Tug & Lighter Company. In case of ice emergencies, the MSA coordinates icebreaking patrols, using heavy harbor tugs and dredges. During the frozen winter of 2010–11, the Port authorities estimated that there were 16 ships with icebreaking capabilities available, 10 of which belonged to the TTLC.[50] CNOOC Bohai had 24 icebreakers, needed to clear offshore platforms, and also lent two larger icebreakers to the Port.[51]
Port Construction: The Port’s main construction and engineering outfit is CCCC First Harbor Engineering (中交第一航务工程局有限公司). [52] Four subsidiary companies carry out all forms of project engineering and construction, from roads to breakwaters. As of 2010, First Harbor Engineering First Company (the main boat outfit) had a fleet of 74 work vessels.[53] As in the case of dredgers, the sheer scale of construction in the Port means that many other outfits deploy hundreds of vessels. As of 2008, there were 418 construction vessels operating at the Port, including 236 sand barges and fluvial workboats.[54]
The Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering[55] is in charge of the technical supervision of most port engineering projects.
Real Estate Development: Commercial and residential property development in newly reclaimed or repurposed land is one of the four core "industries" of the Port. The Tianjin Port Real Estate Development Company (天津港地产发展有限公司), founded 2009,[56] is now very active in developing both residential and commercial property on Port land. Apart from the commercial property in Dongjiang and the Container Logistics Center, there are three major residential projects under way, with several others planned: the Vanke Harbor City project in the Container Logistics Center covers 148,483 m2 (373,707 m2 built area).[57] The Kaihanxuan (瞰海轩) housing project in Dongjiang covers 86,000 m2, (250,000 m2 built area).[58] The Tingtaoyuan (听涛苑) project in the Bulk Logistics Center covers an area of 80,000 m2 (150,000 m2 built area).[59]
Services and amenities
![berthed freighter with two smaller ships moored next to it](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/WaterAndBunkerBargesSupplyingShipSinor.jpg/220px-WaterAndBunkerBargesSupplyingShipSinor.jpg)
Bunkerage: The main bunker oil, lubricants and water provider in Tianjin Port is Tianjin Chimbusco (中国船舶燃料供应天津公司).[60] Chimbusco China had a monopoly on the supply of bonded bunker oil (i.e. for foreign vessels) in China until 2006. Tianjin Chimbusco (now a TPG subsidiary) retained its exclusive rights in Tianjin until 2009, and the end of the monopoly resulted in a black gold rush of competing bunkerage companies: Sinopec Zhoushan entered the Tianjin market in October 2010, followed in December 2010 by SinoBunker,[61] and in June 2011, by China Changjiang Bunker.[62] This sudden rise in competition resulted in a serious price war and crashing prices in 2011.[63] Most forms of maritime fuels are available, primarily IFO 180 cSt and 380 cSt; IFO 120 cSt, MDG, MDO and other diesels are available.[64] Bunkering operations are done by fuel tender, as most berths do not have fueling equipment. Equally, drinking water is mostly delivered by tender.
Chandlery and Supplies: Several dozen ship chandlers are capable of supplying all necessary deck, engine and cabin stores, and all other provisions both at berth or at anchorage. The oldest international chandler is Tianjin Ocean Shipping Supply company (天津市外轮供应公司),[65] owned by the Tianjin government. Most spare parts are available locally, and special orders can be flown in easily.
Cleaning and Sanitation Services: Bilge, slops and ballast water disposal is a major pollution hazard for the Bohai Bay, and it is tightly regulated by the MSA. Only specially authorized enterprises can engage in their removal and disposal, or in tank cleanup.[66] Nevertheless, illegal dumping of ballast water is a persistent problem and one of the Port's major law enforcement challenges. Ships carrying oil or liquid chemicals, and all ships over 10,000 gt are required to sign an "Agreement for Ship Pollution Response"[67] with one of four authorized emergency spill response companies.[68]
Tianjin Port Harbor Service Company (天津港港口服务公司) is the Group’s organic “housekeeping” service, providing cabin, hold and bedding clean-up, and garbage disposal for ships at berth.[69] Other companies are available for all sorts of cleaning, disinfection and deck maintenance, fifteen companies are authorized for ship garbage collection.[70]
Seafarers: As the port of a major city, facilities available to crews on shore leave are extensive, if somewhat difficult to reach. The International Seamen’s Club (天津新港国际海员俱乐部) is located at Xingang Liumi Road, opposite the Bomesc shipyard.[71] Around two dozen crew management companies provide replacement crews at all times.[72]
Ship repair and shipbuilding facilities
![An unfinished ship and an orange crane at the center of an industrial setting](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BomescFabricationSite1P4140332.png/220px-BomescFabricationSite1P4140332.png)
Tianjin Port has several ship repair and shipbuilding facilities capable of carrying out almost all forms of ship repair and refitting for all but the largest ships, and those capabilities are increasing rapidly.
The Tanggu port area was one of the earliest modern shipbuilding areas of China. The still-functioning Taku Dockyard (now the Tianjin City Shipyard) was founded in 1880, and is the oldest modern dockyard in Northern China. Many small shipyards operated in the Haihe region, but most have closed in recent years, or will soon close to make way for the large development projects of the Binhai Urban Core.
The main ship repair facility in the port is the CSIC Tianjin Xingang Shipyard. Founded in 1939, it is located at the very end of the main harbor basin, right next to the Haihe shiplock. Immediately next to it is the CCCC Bomesc Maritime Industry’s facility (built in 2007). On the Nanjiang region, Singapore’s Sembawang Shipyard entered in 1997 to the first foreign joint shipyard project in China, in partnership with Bohai Oil. That shipyard is now the CNOOC Bohai Oil BOHIC subsidiary.
Currently under construction in the Lingang area is the Xingang Shipbuilding and Repair Base, an L-shaped facility built around Basin 1 of the Dagukou harbor. Its two main dry docks will be capable of building ships up to 500,000DWT and 300,000DWT respectively, capable of building the largest VLCC and VLOC in service. Once the Base is fully operational in 2015, it is expected to be able to yearly produce up to 5,000,000 DWT of new vessel construction, repair 200 ships, and have sales of over 2 billion USD.[73] The first two dry docks are already completed and operational, and in 2011 produced 18 ships of 57,000 DWT or less. The Xingang Shipyard will fully relocate to this new location once it is complete. Bomesc and the Xinhe Shipyard are also building shipbuilding/repair bases in the Lingang area facilities, and it is hoped by the Tianjin development authorities that Lingang will become the largest shipbuilding cluster in North China.[74]
A large number of ship repair companies offer maintenance services at berth, and the Tianjin Wuzhou Marine Service Engineering Co. (天津五洲海事工程有限公司) offers anchorage and under-way repairs using its specialized ship Jinyuanhangxiu 1 (津远航修1号), one of only five such vessels in China.[75]
Shipyard | Port Area | Quayside | Berths | Graving Docks | Floating Dock | Slipways | Cranage | Area | Capacity | Comments | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSIC Tianjin Xingang Shipyard[76] (天津新港船舶重工有限责任公司) | Beijiang | 1,100 m, (−6 m) | 6 | 3,000 t (104×17×8.5 m); 25,000 t (212×28×10.85 m) | 155×30×9.4 m | 40,000 t and 15,000 t | 1x200 t, 1x150 t, 2x75 t, 5x25 t, 4x15 t, 2x75 t; Craneship 1x300 t; Floating Crane 1x60 t. | Area | vessels up to 30,000 DWT new construction | 3 tugs (1,670 hp, 2,000 hp, 700 hp) | |||||||||||||
CCCC Bomesc[77] (天津中交博迈科海洋船舶重工有限公司) | Beijiang | Quayside | 120 m; 240 m | 1x150 t; 1x80 t; 11x50 t | 11 ha | ? | |||||||||||||||||
Tianjin Marine Engineering Shipyard(中港集团天津船舶工程船厂)[78] | Haihe | 360 m −7 m | 1x3,000 DWT | 3,000 t | n/a | 10,000 m2 | ? | 20.6 ha | 100 repairs/yr, 20,000 t of steel; 600,000 t throughput | Formerly the Huanhai Shipyard (天津航道局环海船厂)[79] | |||||||||||||
Tianjin City Shipyard(天津市船厂)[80] | Haihe | 530 m | 3,000 t;1,000 t | 0 | 0 | 1 tug 400 hp | 2.66 ha | ? | Founded in 1880 as the Taku Dockyard. | ||||||||||||||
CSSC Xinhe Shipyard [81] (天津新河船舶重工有限责任公司造船厂) | Haihe | 500 m | 275 m | 6,000 t | Floating Dock | 1x7,000 t; 7x1,000 t | 1x70 t; 1x50 t; 2x30 t; 6x25 t; 6x15 t; 2x10 t | 63 ha | ? | Vessels under 7,000 DWT | |||||||||||||
CNOOC Engineering Offshore Tanggu Fabrication Yard[82] (海洋石油工程塘沽建做场地) | Nanjiang | 400m, −5m | Berths | n/a | n/a | 8,000 t 78 m; 4,000 t 135m ; 2,000 t 115 m; 4,000 t 150m; 1,800 t 138 m | ? | 20 ha | 60,000 t steel/yr | Offshore Engineering, Oil Platforms | |||||||||||||
Bohai Oil Heavy Industry Co. Ltd. (BOHIC) (天津渤海石油重工有限公司) | Nanjiang | 800 m | 3 | 25,000 DWT 156x42 m | Demolished 2009[83] | n/a | 2x25 t 2x15 t 1 tug 400 hp | ? | ? | Previously Sembawang Bohai Shipyard. | |||||||||||||
CSIC Tianjin Lingang Shipbuilding and Repair Base[84] (中船重工天津临港造修船基地) | Dagukou | 3,900 m | 707 m; 150 m | 520x110x13.3 m 440x80x13.3 m; 320x52x13.5 m 360x66x13.5 m | 80,000 DWT | 1 | 1x600 t; ? | 350 ha | 3 Mt new construction; 200 repairs; 4 ocean engineering sets | Under construction | |||||||||||||
Bomesc 2nd Fabrication Base[77] | Dagukou | 800 m | 760 m (−12 m) | ? | n/a | 3,000 t, 6,000 t, 10,000 t | ? | 30 ha | ? | Under Construction | |||||||||||||
Tianjin Lingang Xinhe Shipbuilding & Ship Repair Base [85] (天津临港工业区新河船厂修船基地) | Dagukou | ? | ? | 1x300,000 t; 1x100,000 t | n/a | n/a | 1x70 t; 2x40 t | 47 ha | 150 vessels/year | Under Construction | = | Tianma Shipbreaking Yard[86] (天津天马拆船工程有限公) | Beitang | 1,031 m | 3 | 282x55 m | 0 | 0 | 2x16 t, 1x25 t, 1x40 t | 5 ha | 150,000 t metal | Limited building, refitting and rebuilding capacities. |
Trade and shipping services
One of the strategic goals of the Port is to increase its high value-added services business, providing advance support for all forms of logistic activities.
The Tianjin International Trade and Shipping Service District (天津 与航运服务区) is located in the North Basin area of the Beijiang port area, south of the Tianjin Port Container Logistics Center, and adjacent to the business and services district of TEDA. The Service District is 900 m east-west and 700 m north-south, for a total of 88 hectares, (which will expand to 100 hectares long-term). The Service District is composed of nine high-rise buildings, including the TPG main office building and the International Shipping Service Center.[87]
![a low rise concrete-and-glass building partially obscured by trees](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TianjinPortInternationalTradeandShippingServiceCenter.jpg/220px-TianjinPortInternationalTradeandShippingServiceCenter.jpg)
The Tianjin International Trade and Shipping Service Center (天津国际贸易与航运服务中心) provides "one-stop" service for all sorts of aspects of shipping and trade, with a core mission of centralizing and streamlining the clearance process. The Center was put into operation on 7 November 2005, and moved to its current purpose-built, 59,000 m2 building in 2007.[88] The Center aggregates 270 government service windows from 14 government agencies, including customs, inspection and quarantine, maritime safety, border control, traffic control, maritime court, electronic customs clearance, business taxes, and state audit and supervision. Other services present include personnel exchange and labor management, various TPG companies, banks and insurers, trading and shipping companies, logistics operators, legal services, and cargo and shipping agents. A total of 70 organizations with 1,380 employees operate in the Center. The TJITSC also runs the Tianjin Shipping Index (天津航运指数), which provides shipping cost data for all of North China.
The Dongjiang shipping services area is still under development, and aims to form a cluster of specific shipping services. Taking advantage of its favorable tax and currency exchange regime, the Dongjiang Bonded Port intends to attract a cluster of enterprises related to the financing of ship leasing and shipbroking, and to other forms of shipping financing, including offshore financial services, offshore banking, marine insurers and P&I clubs, ship registration, local offices of the leading classification societies, etc.[89] The Dongjiang Northern International Shipping Exchange (东疆北方国际航运交易所) is a comprehensive platform for the trading of freight and logistic services in all the "five functions" of the Dongjiang Bonded Port.[90] It started operations in April 2009.[91]
Shipping Agencies: Engaging a shipping agent is mandatory for all foreign flagged ships, and Tianjin has several dozen such outfits operating at present. The largest agents are Tianjin Penavico (天津外轮代理公司), owned by TPG, and Tianjin Sinoagent (天津船务代理有限公司),[92] a subsidiary of Tianjin Sinotrans. Agencies have fairly extensive obligations as intermediaries for most paperwork procedures involving TPG, ship operators, or government agencies,[93] as well as their traditional duties of arranging ship supply and cargo handling.
Passenger services
Passenger terminals
![a long ochre low-rise building with broad windows. A pier extend parallel to the building](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/TianijnPortPassengerTerminalFromK1Berth.jpg/220px-TianijnPortPassengerTerminalFromK1Berth.jpg)
The Tianjin Xingang Passenger Terminal (天津新港客运站) is located at the western end of the Beijiang area, immediately next to the Bomesc Shipyard. It is run by the Tianjin Passenger Company, a subsidiary of the Tianjin Port Group. The Terminal used to be the berth for visiting pleasure cruises, but since the opening of the Tianjin Homeport in July 2010,the Terminal serves only ferry services and coastal cruises. The terminal and ancillary buildings have 15,000 m2of built surface.[94] The terminal has 3 berths of 8–12 m depth that can serve passenger ships, Ro-Ro ferries, car carriers and cruise ships. The K-1 Berth (the westernmost berth of the terminal) has a floating bridge that provides all-tide service to Ro-Ro vessels. It is also the most common loading berth for harbor pilots.
Two main regular ferry lines leave Tianjin, serviced by a fleet of two Ro-Ro ferry boats. There is one international destination, Incheon in South Korea, and one national destination, Dalian in Liaoning Province. The route to Kobe in Japan was discontinued in 2013. The ships and general route schedules are as follows:
Ship Name | Ship Type | Displacement | Measurements | Speed | Passengers | Destination | Leaves Tianjin | Arrives Destination | Leaves | Arrives Tianjin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Putuodao (普陀岛)[95] | Ro-ro car ferry | 16,234 DWT | 137x23.4x5.6 m | 21 knots | 1,428 | Dalian | Tu Th Sa 1900 | Mo We Fr Su 1800 | From mid-Jun to Sep | ||
Tianren (天仁) | Ro-ro car ferry | 12521 | 188.5x24.8x6.91 m | 25.2 knots | 544 | Inchon | Th & Fr | We & Sa | |||
Yanjing (燕京) | Ro-ro car ferry | 9960 DWT | 135x20 m | 20 knots | 442 | Kobe | Mo 1100 | We 1400 | Fr 1200 | Su 1400 | 165 TEU. Discontinued. |
![partial view of a curvy white building with long airport-style windows](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TianjinCruiserHomeportBuilding.jpg/220px-TianjinCruiserHomeportBuilding.jpg)
The new Tianjin Cruise Homeport started operation in the summer of 2010.[96] It is located in the southern tip of the Dongjiang peninsula, at a 120 hectares development area that is expected to become a tourist complex including resorts, hotels and duty-free shopping centers. The all-services terminal building, designed by China Construction Design International (CCDI), is a large white GFRC-clad building designed to mimic the flow of white silk on an ocean breeze.[97] The 60,000 m2 terminal houses port administration, shipping agencies, restaurants, hotels and other services, and its migration and custom facilities are capable of processing 4,000 passengers at a time,[98] for an annual capacity of 500,000 passengers. At present, the Homeport has two berths capable of accommodating ships up to 220,000 gt —enough to receive even the largest current cruisers.
The Tianjin Cruise Homeport is the fourth cruise homeport in China, the first in Northern China, and currently the largest in Asia. It will be capable of providing all the bunkering, resupplying and maintenance needs of its homeported cruise ships. At present, two major cruise companies, Italy’s Costa Cruises and US-Norway's Royal Caribbean International Cruises, will make Tianjin its homeport for their cruises in Asia. Two cruisers, Costa’s Costa Romantica and Royal Caribbean’s Legend of the Seas will be homeported at Tianjin during the summer.[96] The Homeport‘s wharf is being extended by 350 m[99] and refitted with Ro-Ro capabilities to also serve as a ferry port, as a car import wharf during winters, and as a military vehicles loading berth, for a capacity of 40,000 vehicles/year.[100]
Leisure services
Yachting marinas: To exploit the pent-up demand for yachting services among China's newly wealthy, there are three large-scale marina projects underway at the Tianjin Port. The business plans and targeted public of these projects are in flux, and vary frequently.[101]
- The Binhai Ocean One Yachting Club (滨海一洋游艇会) is being built at the southern end of the Dongjiang Scenic Area's artificial beach. It is planned to become a yachting port with 700 berths, plus an extra 200 pile mooring slots. The first 71 berths are supposed to be completed by the end of 2012.[102] The associated yachting club will be part of the Dongjiang entertainment complex, and target leisure users.
- The Sino-Australia Royal Yacht City (中澳皇家游艇城)is a 1,000-berth development (to be completed in 2012) in the Tianjin Central Fishing Port.[103] This project intends to create a "Northern Yacht Industrial Center" that clusters yacht manufacturing, sales and marinas all in one. At present, its club intends to target the wealthiest clienteles.
- The Hi-speed Tianjin Yacht City (海斯比天津游艇城) in the Binhai Tourist Area plans to add 3,000 berths,[104] focusing on high-speed boats, sailboats and high-performance yachts. The 66.7 ha site will include diving services, yacht rentals, sport fishing, racing events, and other sport and leisure activities.
In 2011, the MSA set up a specialized Yachting Management Center (天津海事局游艇管理中心) to separate the control of leisure traffic from commercial traffic, and new regulations will be introduced prior to the full opening of the above marinas (at present, yachts in China must operate under commercial boat rules, which severely hamper their flexibility).[105]
Sightseeing tours: Two companies offer short (30-45min) boat tours of the harbor, traveling to the end of the Chuanzhadong channel. The first, Tianjin Port Haiyi Travel Service Company (天津港海颐旅行社公司), a TPG subsidiary, runs the sightseeing boat Haiyi (海颐号) from the K1 berth of the Passenger Terminal, with capacity for 132 passengers (CN¥ 30 as of November 2011). The second, Tianjin Haihe Jinlu Sightseeing Boats Company (天津海河津旅游船公司) operates from the Sightseeing Boats Pier at the other side of the main basin. It runs two ships, the Haijing (海景号) with capacity for 150 passengers and the Jinhai (津海号) with capacity for 184 passengers. CN¥ 50 as of April 2011.[106]
Transportation and logistics
Storage, transportation and all forms of logistics processing are the core activity of the Port, and it is no surprise that the majority of its land surface is dedicated to storage and processing facilities, with several million km2 of storage yards, warehouses and tank farms operated by dozens of enterprises. There are two large-scale purpose-built logistics areas designed to provide support and facilities to the operating logistics outfits.
The chief logistics unit of the Port Group is Tianjin Logistics Development Co. , established in 2009 by merging the Tianjin Port Storage and Distribution Company (天津港货运公司) with other Group logistics assets.[107] TLD runs 1,800,000 m2 of storage yard, with a capacity for 32,000 TEU of containers, and is responsible for the establishment and management of the dry port network and the establishment of intermodal routes, as well as being the principal drayage provider.
Transportation corridors
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg/400px-Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg.png)
Sea Routes: Two main sea routes connect the Bohai Bay with the Yellow Sea and the open ocean. These two routes carry the large majority of all traffic in an out of the Bohai Sea, and can be very crowded. The main deep water route (6 NM wide) goes from the Laotieshan Channel (38°36.1′ N/120°51.3′ E) at a 276° bearing until reaching a Traffic Separation Scheme south of Caofeidian (38°48.0′ N/118°45.2′ E), and can be quite a crowded waterway. A second main route (3 NM wide westward, 3 NM wide eastward) goes westward from Changshan channel (38°05.0′ N/120°24.6′ E) at a 293.5° bearing up to a point north of oil platform BZ28-1 (38°21.0′ N/119°38.5′ E), continuing at a 291° bearing up to the south of Caofedian Head (38°38.7′ N/118°38.4′ E) and then into the Xingang Main Channel. The eastward route goes from the Tianjin Xingang Main Channel to the Caofeidian Headlands, then follows at a 116° bearing to a point south of platform BZ28-1 (38°15.5′ N/119°38.5′ E) then at a 107° bearing to the Changshan Channel (38°05.0′ N/120°24.6′ E).[108] A number of coastal routes connect the various ports within the Bohai sea, forming a circumbohai network.[109]
Internal Waterways: The three main port areas are fairly poorly connected by road, requiring rather long detours to transport any cargo or equipment between them. While several bridges and tunnels directly linking Dongjiang with Beijiang and Nanjiang areas are projected for future development, these are still in early planning stages. To help relieve this internal bottleneck, in April 2010 the Port introduced a lighter route connecting Nanjiang (N-10 berth) and Beijiang (Tianjin Container Terminal), using one heavy barge (7800 DWT, 200 TEU).[110] Another regular lighter route connecting Beijiang with Dongjiang was established on September 2010.[111]
![a x-shaped interception of railroads with a repair crew carrying out maintenance](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tianjin_RepairCrewRailwayFourthStevedoring.jpg/220px-Tianjin_RepairCrewRailwayFourthStevedoring.jpg)
Railroads: Two main lines (First and Second Port Railroads: 进港一二线) service the Beijiang and Nanjiang areas respectively. The Jinji Railway connects these lines as a de facto ring railroad. A web of around 60 km of internal railways goes deep into the wharves and storage yards of the Beijiang area. The Nanjiang area is primarily connected through the Nanjiang Rail Bridge. This bridge was expanded to double-track in 2010, for an annual capacity of 70 million tonnes. A second bridge is under construction. A conveyor belt corridor runs parallel to the railway, carrying coal and ore to the Bulk Logistics Center.
A major expansion of intermodal capacity will come with the completion of the Third Port Railway (进港三线) project servicing Dongjiang and the Container Logistics Center. The new line will terminate at the Tianjin Xingang North Railway Container Central Station (天津新港北铁路集装箱中心站), which is located in 140 ha of land in the Dongjiang area, directly north of the Huicheng terminal, and is expected to be completed in 2013. The Xingang North Station will be purpose-built for the intermodal transfer and management of containers, and it will be supported by a new large automated marshalling yard in Beitang (北塘西编组站).[112]
Highways and Roads: The internal roads in the Port carry an enormously heavy, noisy and noisome flow of traffic, and traffic jams are not uncommon at certain bottlenecks. The internal roads at the three main Port areas form a broken grid pattern, the east-west roads connecting with the expressways that feed the port. The main north-south roads are the Yuejin road transfixing the Container Logistics Center, the Meizhou (Americas) Road in the Dongjiang Area.
The backbone road of the Port is the S11 Haibin Expressway (海滨高速), which runs north-south and roughly represents the Port’s western boundary.[note 2] The main east-west feeder roads are the S40 Jingjintang Expressway (京津塘高速), which merges into the Jingmen road; the S13 Jinbin Expressway ( 津滨高速) and the G103 Highway, which both merge into the Xingang Fourth Road; and the S30 Jingjin Expressway (京津高速), which becomes the Jishuanggang road and then the Xingang 8th Road into Dongjiang. In the south, the Tianjin Avenue and the S50 Jinpu Expressway (津浦高速) connect into the Nanjiang and Lingang areas.
These feeder roads connect in turn with the thick Beijing-Tianjin road hub, with seven radial expressways from Beijing and four from Tianjin. Of these, the Jinji Expressway (S1) is the main alternative route into Beijing (through Pinggu) and the Northwest (through the 6th Ring Road and the G6 Jingla Expressway), while the G25 Changzhen Expressway is the main North-South connector.
Airports: The Port is 30 min away from Tianjin Binhai International Airport, and 120 min from Beijing Capital International Airport. Two small general aviation aerodromes —Tanggu Airport (塘沽机场) and Binhai Eastern General Heliport (滨海东方通用直升机场)— provide offshore helicopter shuttles and other services to Port operators.
Logistics centers, yards and warehouses
![map of a long, north to south container park with an asymmetrical grid of roads, and three dozen or so container and cargo yards marked out](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Port_of_Tianjin_Container_Logistics_Center_Map.svg/220px-Port_of_Tianjin_Container_Logistics_Center_Map.svg.png)
The Tianjin Port Container Logistics Center (天津港集装箱物流中心) is located in the north part of the Beijiang area, in 7.03 km² of reclaimed land. The Center currently hosts 42 logistics enterprises, and it has 350 hectares of yard space, 26 hectares of warehouses, or about 60% of the Port’s container handling capacity.
![line of heavy trucks going north, background a container yard](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/TianjinPortYuejinRoadTruckTrafficandContainerYard.jpg/220px-TianjinPortYuejinRoadTruckTrafficandContainerYard.jpg)
Tianjin Port International Logistics Development Co. Ltd. (TPL) was established in 2003 to take charge of the development, construction, operation and management of the Center.[113]
The Tianjin Port Bulk Logistics Center (天津港散货物流中心) opened on 2000, built on 26.8 km2 of former salt flats to the south of Donggu. It serves as a large storage and distribution area for coal, ore and other bulk cargoes. As of April 2011, there were 268 enterprises operating within it.[114] The Bulk Logistics Center is being progressively relocated south, to the Nangang area, to free its land for urban development (i. e. the Binhai Central New Town – 滨海中部新城)
The 12-5 plan envisages six large logistics parks in the port area by 2015: the Container Logistics and Bulk Cargo Centers will be upgraded to “Parks” (with additional policy privileges), joined by the newly established Nangang Chemical Logistics Park (南港化工物流园区), Lingang Industrial ProLogis Logistics Park (临港工业普洛斯物流园区), and the Central Fishing Port Logistics Park (中心渔港物流园区).[115]
Yard name | Port area | Type | Total area | Warehouse area (number) | Container yard | Tank volume | Owner | Notes | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First Supply Distribution Yard (天津港物捷一堆场)[116]) | Beijiang | Bulk | 12.6 ha | ? | n/a | n/a | TPLD | Transshipment center | |||||||||
Second Supply Distribution Yard (物捷二堆场)[117]) | Beijiang | General | 14.8 ha | n/a | ? | n/a | TPLD | Clearing and Intermodal | |||||||||
Logistics Fourth Yard (物流四堆场) | TCLC | Container | 25 ha | 24000 ㎡ | ? | n/a | TPLD | Notes | |||||||||
Huahan Tianjin Container Yard (华韩天津货箱堆场) [118] | Beijiang | Type | 14 ha | 3,300 m2 (1) | ? | n/a | Owner | Notes | |||||||||
Tianjin Gangshi Container Yard (天津港狮集装箱公司堆场) | Beijiang | Container | 24,473 m2 | 445 m2(1) | n/a | n/a | Owner | Notes | |||||||||
Sinochem Tianjin Binhai Logistics Yard (中化天津滨海物流)[119] | Beijiang | Chemical | 13 ha | 28,500 m2 (16) | 5 ha | 2 ha | Sinochem | Notes | |||||||||
Tianjin Zhouli Logistics Yard (天津洲丽物流堆场) [120] | CLC | Container | 8 ha | 3000 m2 | ? | ? | |||||||||||
Zhongchu Freight Yard (中储股份货场) [121] | Beijiang | Bulk | 12.7 ha | 8,000 m2 (1) | ? | n/a | ZDH | Notes | |||||||||
Zhongchu Container Yard (中储股份集装箱场) [121] | Beijiang | Bulk | 9 ha | 10,338 m2 (2) | ? | n/a | ZDH | Both Zhongchu yards are contiguous | |||||||||
Sinotrans Storage and Distribution (中国外运天津储运公司) | Beijiang | General | 6.77 ha | 18,200 m2 (16) | n/a | n/a | Sinotrans | Notes | |||||||||
Tianjin Haibin COSCO Container Logistics (天津滨海中远集装箱物流)[122] | TCLC | Container | 2 ha | 12,000 m2 (2) | ? | n/a | Cosco | ||||||||||
Huaxi Logistics Company Yard(天津港保税区华锡集装箱物流有限公司) [123] | CLC | Container | 10.6 ha | 12,000 m2 | ? | n/a | Owner | Customs clearance | |||||||||
Boda Logistics Yard (天津博达集团有限公司) [124] | CLC | Container | 10 ha | 8,400 m2 | n/a | n/a | Owner | Notes | |||||||||
Jinshi Minmetal Yard (金狮五矿物业有限公司) | CLC | Container | 7 ha | 5,000 m2 (3) | n/a | n/a | Minmetal | Notes | |||||||||
Tianjin Gangqiang Logistics Yard (天津港强物流有限公司)[125] | TCLC | Container & General | 10 ha | 16,000 m2 | ? | n/a | Owner | ||||||||||
Xintonghai Yard(新通海堆场)[126] | TJFTZ | Container | 10 ha | 2000 m2 (1) | ? | n/a | TPLD; APL | Customs Clearance Yard | |||||||||
CMIC Zhenhua Logistics Company Yard( 港中集振华物流有限公司)[127] | CLC | Container | 8 ha | 6,000 m2 | ? | n/a | CMIC. TPILD, ZLG | Notes | |||||||||
Tianjin Kaitai Logistics Yard (天津开泰国际物流)[128] | CLC | Container/Cars | 7.73 ha | 6,000 m2 | n/a | n/a | TPLD | Opened Nov 2011 | |||||||||
Tianjin Greater Asia International Logistics Company (天津大亚国际物流有限公司)[129] | CLC | Container | 16 ha Area | 7,000 m2 | 8,000 TEU | n/a | Binhai Investment Group | Notes | |||||||||
China Rail Materials Tianjin Oil Products Distribution (中铁物资天津油品供应有限公司)[130] | Nanjiang | Oil | 3.7 ha | n/a | n/a | 50,000 m3 (6) | China Rail | Notes | |||||||||
Tianjin Port Steel Logistics Yard(天津港钢材物流有限公司) [131] | Port Area | Type | Yard Area | 22 ha | Tank Volume | Railways | TPD; TPSS; TEDA; Fusheng Haiyun Group | Notes | |||||||||
Tianjin Hongbao Company Yard (天津宏保物流有限公)[132] | CLC | Container | 6 ha | 6,000 m2 (1) | ? | n/a | ? | Notes | |||||||||
Keyun International Logistics Group Yard (克运国际物流集团) [133] | CLC | Container | 15 ha | 15,000 m2 | 15,000 | n/a | Owner | Notes | |||||||||
Minmetal Logistics Group (五矿物流集团有限公司)[134] | CLC | Container | 7.2 ha | 6,000 m2 | 500 full / 5,000 empty | n/a | Minmetal | Notes
– |
Tianjin Port Aviation Oil Petrochemical Storage Base (天津港航油石化储运基地油库)[135] | Nanjiang | Oil | ? | n/a | n/a | 370,000 m3 (630000 m3 planned) | CAO;TPC | Under Construction |
Hairun Logistics Park (海润物流园)[136] | Dongjiang | Type | 61 ha | (28) | (7) | n/a | Tianjin Port Dongjiang Construction Development Company | Notes | |||||||||
Xinhe Oil Distribution Center (中国石化销售有限公司华北分公司天津储备库新河分库) | Haihe | Oil | ? | n/a | TEU | 80,000 m3 | Sinopec | Notes | |||||||||
Sinochem International Dangerous Goods Logistics Center (中化国际公司危险品物流中心) [137] | CLC | Container/General | 10 ha | 4 | 95,000 TEU/yr | ? | Sinochem |
Intermodal Transportation and Dry Ports
Economic Hinterland: The hinterland of the Tianjin Port (as determined by existing railway and road patterns) is vast. It includes the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, and the provinces of Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang, amounting to over 5 million km2, or 52% of China’s area, and covering 17% of the country’s population. Tianjin is also one of the railheads of the Eurasian Land Bridge.[note 3]
In keeping with the goal of becoming North China's Trade and Logistic Center, the Port has been expanding its intermodal transport capacity, and deepening its presence in inland regions through dedicated container train lines, dry ports and direct partnerships.
Dedicated Container Train Routes: TPL owns and operates 15 different scheduled railway routes, dispatching 50-car (100 TEU) trains to 15 different cities in China, including Xi'an, Chengdu, Taiyuan, Ürümqi, Baotou, Shizuishan, Erenhot, Alashankou, and Manzhouli, the last three being border crossings. In the first half of 2011, these dedicated train lines carried 129,000 TEU,[138] including cargoes for Eurasian destinations.[139]
Dry Ports: As of October 2011, Tianjin Port had established 21 dry ports,[140] of which 8 were fully operational. These ports are located at:[141]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Map_of_the_Port_of_Tianjin%27s_National_Network_of_Dry_Ports_and_Intermodal_Trains.svg/600px-Map_of_the_Port_of_Tianjin%27s_National_Network_of_Dry_Ports_and_Intermodal_Trains.svg.png)
- Chaoyang (Beijing)
- Pinggu (Beijing)
- Baoding (Hebei)
- Shijiazhuang (Hebei)
- Zhangjiakou (Hebei)
- Handan (Hebei)
- Zibo (Shandong)
- Dezhou (Shandong)
- Zhengzhou (Henan)
- Hebi (Henan)
- Daqing(Heilongjiang)
- Baotou (Inner Mongolia)
- Bayannur (Inner Mongolia)
- Erenhot (Inner Mongolia)
- Houma (Shanxi)
- Xi’an (Shaanxi)
- Datong (Shaanxi)
- Jiayuguan (Gansu)
- Yinchuan (Ningxia)
- Huinong (Ningxia)
- Dulat (Xinjiang)
Erenhot and Dulat[142] are border crossings. In 2010, the Tianjin dry ports processed 150,000 TEU worth of containers. The 12th five-year plan envisages increasing throughput by Tianjin’s dry ports to up to 1 million TEU by 2015.[143]
Friendship ports
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Barcelona, Spain
Incheon, South Korea
Kobe, Japan
Marseille, France
Melbourne, Australia
Montreal, Canada
Philadelphia, United States
Tacoma, United States
Tokyo, Japan
Trieste, Italy
Zeebrugge, Belgium
Notes
- ^ This language of "international logistics center" is used by at least nine Chinese ports, as part marketing slogan, part statement of purpose about their move into advanced service provision. [1] Shanghai refers to itself with an unqualified “International Shipping and Logistics Center”, Qingdao and Dalian use “Northeast Asia International Logistics Center”, referring to their desired positioning as the core transshipment centers for the region. Tianjin’s usage focuses on its claims its role as headwater for a sub-region.
- ^ As the expressway follows the original coastline, most of the land east of the road is reclaimed land, including most of the Port.
- ^ Tianjin Port is often named in publicity material as the start of the Chinese branch of Eurasian Land Bridge. Officially, however, the port of Lianyungang is the Bridge's start. Tianjin is indeed the proposed railhead of the UNESCAP Intermodal Transport Corridor 1 from Busan to Yekaterinburg via Irkutsk. [2]
References
- ^ "天津港:从"淤泥港"到"全球第四大港"". Chinaports Network (中国海口网). 2010-07-09. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
- ^ a b "天津港简介". Port Services Office of the Tianjin People's Government. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ "天津港年度生产指标双创新高". Tianjin Port Group Co. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "天津口岸2011年发展情况". 天津市人民政府口岸服务办公室(Port Service Office of Tianjin People's Government). 2012-04-24. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ "2012天津港接待豪华邮轮35艘次". Tianjin Port Group. 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
- ^ "2011天津港十大新闻". 天津港湾 (Tianjin Harbor News). 2012-02-23. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ "天津港(集团)有限公司201 2 年度第一期 短期融资券募集说明书" (PDF). Tianjin Port Group. June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
- ^ "天津港欢迎您!". Ptacn.com. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ "天津港简介". 天津市人民政府口岸服务办公室 (Port Service Office of Tianjin People's Government). http://www.tjport.gov.cn/kaxx9.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|publisher=
- ^ "货物吞吐量4.76亿吨 集装箱吞吐量1230万TEU". Tianjin Port Group. 2012-12-31. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ^ "全球港口箱量料增5%". 『中国船东网』. 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ^ "天津港全年集装箱吞吐量突破1000万标准箱". News.xd56b.com. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ "创建亿吨大港 实现历史性跨越". Tjportnet.com. 2012-09-14. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ^ "港口生产发展历程(吞吐量变化)历程". Tjportnet.com. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ^ "Very substantial acquisition, proposed increase in authorised share capital, specific mandate to issue new shares, connected transactions and continuing connected transactions for Tianjin Port Development Holdings Limited and deemed very substantial disposal and connected transaction for Tianjin Development Holdings Limited" (PDF). Tianjin Port Development Holdings. 2009-06-19. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
- ^ "中外合资企业". Tianjin Port Group Co. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ ""十二五"开局之年天津港取得可喜成果". 煤炭通. 2012-01-17. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
- ^ "我市国有企业多渠道融资促发展". 天津市国有资产监督管理委员会. 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited
- ^ Tianjin Port Development Holdings Ltd
- ^ a b "Investor Relations: Financial Highlights". Tianjin Port Development Holdings Limited. 2009-12-31. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ Zhu Getao. "600717:Shanghai Stock Quote - Tianjin Port Co Ltd". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "3382:Hong Kong Stock Quote - Tianjin Port Development Holdings Ltd". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ ChinaKnowledge (2011-07-20). "Tianjin Port to issue RMB 3 bln in bills". ChinaKnowledge. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
- ^ Toh Han Shih hanshih.toh@scmp.com (2012-09-21). "280b yuan to build basic services |". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "Balance Sheet for Tianjin Port Development Holdings Ltd. (TJIPF)". Financials.morningstar.com. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "公司简介 业务介绍". 天津港财务有限公司 (Tianjin Port Finance Co. Ltd.). 2009-12-08. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ Lee Perkins (2009-12-16). "China Port Development Brief December 2009". Chinaintelligenceonline.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "航运受累进出口 2013年或成船厂"生死线"". 网易财经. 2012-09-14. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "于汝民:港口要自觉错位发展(图)". 中国海事服务网CNSS. 2011-03-18. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ 责任编辑: 李淼川 (2012-01-28). "-天津港2012年货物 吞吐量达4.7亿吨". 天津网. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "天津港新建改造上百泊位 打造现代化国际深水大港". 中国海事服务网CNSS. 2011-11-18. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "天津港"十二五"期间四大产业协调发展 总资产有望实现1100亿元". Cnstock.com. 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "天津港一港九区规划完成". 中谷海运. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
- ^ "港口介绍 > 未来展望". Tianjin Port Group. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津市防治船舶溢油污染海洋环境应急能力建设专项规划编制说明". Tianjin MSA. 2011-12-08. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "津海通航[2009]212号 关于天津港临时于卸沙码头通航安全管理的意见". 天津海事局 (Tianjin MSA). 2009-07-09. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "春节期间繁忙的天津港集团生产调度指挥中心". 海洋财富网. 2010-02-24. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "调度业务". Tianjin Port Group Co. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
- ^ "天津港驳公司发展前景". 天津港轮驳有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津港拖轮进军临港经济区". Tianjin Port Group. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "中海油田服务股份有限公司发行A股招股意向书(三)". 中财网. 2007-09-12. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ a b "疏浚能力排行榜" (PDF). 工作船 (Work Boats Magazine). 2010-07-05. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-05. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "服务范围 > 港口公路、桥梁、铁路等设施托管、维护". 天津港设施管理服务公司. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ a b "关于我们 -> 大队简介". 天津海事局海测大队 (Hydrographic Survey Brigade of Tianjin MSA. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "海测大队低空遥感项目首次试飞成功". 中国海测绘(China Hydrography). 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "企业介绍 > 企业简介". 天津航道局 (Tianjin Dredging Co.). Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ CrewingBizUa (2011-07-04). "Xiangyu Ltd lands Tianjin Port dredging contract". Crewing.biz.ua. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "海河河道清淤工程". 天津市水务局. 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "海冰困船时有发生 天津港16艘拖轮严阵以待". Tianjinwe Network. 2011-01-26. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津港水域最大冰厚20厘米 海事部门积极应对". 北方网. 2010-01-19. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "一航广角»公司简介". 中交第一航务工程局有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ 陈静 (2010-12-27). "一航局一公司推行船舶危险区域标准化管理". Hello Taiwan Network. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "环渤海水域:共同整治砂石运输船、施工船". 中国海事 (China Maritime Safety). Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ "交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院单位概况". 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院 (Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering of the Ministry of Transportation). Retrieved February 19, 2012.
- ^ "天津港地产发展有限公司揭牌". Tianjin Port Group. 2009-11-06. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ^ "万科海港城现推特惠房源90平两居首付25万(图)". Tj.house.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "天津东疆港快速起飞 港口优势或催生地产新模式". 盐田港集团. 2011-12-01. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "听涛苑-楼盘详情-天津搜房网". Soufun Real Estate Network. 2012-09-01. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ^ "公司介绍". 天津中燃船舶燃料有限责任公司 (Chimbusco Marine Bunker Tianjin Co. Ltd.). Retrieved 2013-02-01.
- ^ "China: SinoBunker starts bonded bunker supply in N. China's Tianjin". Global Chemical Network. 2010-12-21. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "Chinese player enters bunkering market at Tianjin port". Bunkerworld. 2010-04-31. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "C1 Focus – Fuel oil imports via Tianjin Customs rocket 298% yoy in Jan–Feb: GAC". C1 Energy. 2011-03-28. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "华北船用油:中石化中海天津报混调120CST燃料油供船价5350元/吨,持平 _". 阿里巴巴化工资讯. 2011-11-10. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "About Us". Tianjin Ocean Shipping Supply Co.,Ltd. 2011-09-21. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "船舶残余油类物质接收/油舱清洗备案单位表(一)". Tianjin MSA. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "Tianjin Important Notes". Docstoc.com. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "关于公布天津港污染清除作业单位的通知防污染作业单位备案情况". Tianjin Maritime Safety Administration. 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "口岸服务 天津港港口服务公司". 天津电子口岸发展有限公司 (Tianjin Electronic Port Development Co., Ltd. 2009-05-12. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津港船舶垃圾接收处理作业单位一览表". Tianjin Maritime Safety Administration. 2012-06-18. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "新港国际海员俱乐部". 爱帮网. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
- ^ "海员外派机构". 中华人民共和国船员网. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
- ^ "中船重工临港修造船基地今年造19艘船舶 首艘散货船5月"驶"出". 人民网·天津视窗. 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ "天津新港船舶临港造修船基地通过国家发改委核准". 北方网. 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "津远航修一号船长". 天津58同城. 2011-02-13. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "Tianjin Xingang Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. Shiprepairing Yard". Tianjin Xingang Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ a b "Company Profile". Bohai Oil Marine Engineering & Supply Co.,Ltd (Bomesc). 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "中港天津船舶公司改制为非国有企业". 塘沽在线. 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "港口介绍 > 修船厂". 天津船务代理有限公司 (Tianjin Sinoagent). Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津市船厂". 中国企业信息交流中心. 2005-03-21. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津新河船舶重工有限责任公司造船厂". 天津新河船舶重工有限责任公司. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "场地介绍 – 装备设施 – 塘沽建造场地". 海洋石油工程股份有限公司 (Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd.). Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "渤海石油修船公司5#码头浮船坞引桥基础桩及系船墩台拆除工程告捷". 中海油能源发展股份有限公司管道工程公司. 2009-05-19. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "中船重工临港造修船基地项目". 天津临港经济区. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津临港工业区新河船厂修船基地项目填海工程海洋环境影响评价公示(第二次)". Eiafans Network. 2009-12-28. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "企业简介". 天津天马拆船工程有限公司简介. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津国际贸易与航运服务中心简介_". 天津港文化传媒. 2010-10-18. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "中心简介". 天津国际贸易与航运服务中心. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津《东疆保税港区综合配套改革实施方案》出台". 天津东疆保税港区. 2011-11-04. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "Tianjin Dongjiang Intl. Shipping Exchange Market". Dongjiang Shippung Exchange Market. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "东疆国际商品交易市场项目签约并揭牌". 天津网-数字报刊. 2011-09-04. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "公司概况 > 公司介绍". 天津船务代理有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "港口业务概况 > 业务知识 > 货运业务". Tianjin Port Group. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津港客运总公司 天津港——集团介绍". 天津港物流信息网. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津至大连开通新海上航线 "普陀岛"号轮16日抵达天津港". 人民网视窗. 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ a b "Tianjin becomes homeport for int'l cruise liners". Chinadaily Online. 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "Building Information Modeling – China Construction Design International (CCDI)". Autodesk USA. 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津国际邮轮母港正式开港". Binhai Official Visits Network. 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ "天津港邮轮码头二期工程环评公示(第一次)". Eiafans Network. 2011-01-08. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津港国际邮轮母港战备码头工程环评公示(第一次)". Eiafans Network. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津滨海新区将同时规划3个大型豪华游艇基地-海南金澳游艇有限公司". Hnjinao.cn. 2011-11-09. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "滨海一洋 谱写生活华美乐章". 滨海一洋 (Binhai Ocean One). Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "Sino-Australia Royal Yacht City start the construction this May and 150 berths". Binhai New Area Information Resources Website. 2011-03-28. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "Hispeed Tianjin Yacht City Project Made Its Presence in Binhai Tourist Area-English Channel". Government of the Tianjin Binhai New Area News. 2011-12-04. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津海事局全力支持地方游艇产业发展". MSA Seafarers Network. 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
- ^ "天津港海景游". 天津津旅海河游船有限公司. 2011-06-20. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ http:// www. tjbhnews. com/bhsh/system/2009/04/09/010024927.shtml
- ^ "全国沿海航路规划研究" (PDF). 大连海事大学 (Dalian Maritime University). August 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ "-天津集装箱外贸内支线". 龙口港开通龙口. 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "南北疆集装箱驳运成功实施". Tianjin Port Group. 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津港内部水上运输通道全面贯通". 天津港陆云交易平台. 2010-11-05. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "新建天津新港北铁路集装箱中心站工程施工图审核招标公告". 铁道部工程交易中心北京分中心. 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "公司简介". 天津港国际物流发展有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津港散货物流中心总投资额已超过10.5亿元". 中海电信. 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "建设北方国际航运和物流中心". Binhai New Area Government Network. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "物捷一堆场". 天津港国际物流发展有限公司 (Tianjin Port International Logistics Development Co). Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "物捷二堆场". 天津港国际物流发展有限公司 (Tianjin Port International Logistics Development Co). Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "华韩(天津)货箱有限公司公司资源". Huahan Tianjin Co. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
- ^ "关于滨海物流 >> 公司概况". 中化天津滨海物流有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津洲丽物流有限公司介绍". JC Transportation. Archived from F0236E-A5E2-4159-BAF2-EFA12BA51903.html the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b "集装箱多式联运输业务". 中储股份天津新港分公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "关于我们". 天津滨海中远集装箱物流有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津开发区华锡集装箱有限公司". 华锡集装箱物流有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ com/507093.html "天津博达集团有限公司 – 天津". 信诚黄页. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ "走进港强 > 集团介绍". 天津港强物流股份有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "新通海堆场". Tianjin Port Logistics Development Company. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
- ^ "天津港中集振华物流有限公司". JC Transport. Archived from C61-876 A-4 A00-8FAE-E258424FACCF.html the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "集装箱物流拓展服务功能". Tianjin Port Group. 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "公司概况". 天津大亚国际物流有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "中铁物资天津油品供应有限公司->公司简介". 中铁物资. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "设备设施". 天津港钢材物流有限公司. Retrieved 2012-03-12.[dead link]
- ^ "国内水运-天津宏保物流有限公司". Alibaba. 2011-12-30. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ B%E8%BF%90%E5%A0%86%E5%9 C%BA "克运物流集团-天津克运堆场". Keyun Logistics Group. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ "五矿物流集团天津集装箱有限公司 – 商铺简介". 56135物流服务平台. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津港航油石化码头和储运基地油库项目开建". 中国航空油料集团公司. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津港东疆建设开发有限公司 公司介绍". JC Transport. Archived from F5 C4E5 A250 F.html the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "天津港危险品物流中心项目". 天津市行政审批服务网. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "物流发展公司运营新港至榆次循环列". Tianjin Port Group. 2011-08-16. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "Tianjin launches direct sea-rail intermodal service to Xian". Shipping Online. 2010-11-16. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "天津港扩展无水港服务 启运港退税政策惠及内陆". 北方网. 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ Ìì½òÊÐÈËÃñÕþ¸®¿Ú°¶°ì¹«ÊÒ. Tjport.gov.cn. Retrieved on 2012-06-11.
- ^ "Dulata Port open officially". Aboutxinjiang.com. 2006-06-09. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "十二五末天津无水港吞吐量将达到100万标箱". 沃视新闻网. 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)