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Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival

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Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival
DatesTraditionally the second weekend of December
Location(s)New English School Ramanbaug,
Pune, Maharashtra, India
Years active1953 – present
FoundersBhimsen Joshi,
Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal
Websitesawaigandharvabhimsenmahotsav.com

The Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Mahotsav (formerly known as the Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav[1] and simply known as Sawai) is an annual Indian Classical music festival held in Pune since 1953. Arguably the largest, most popular, and sought-after Indian Classical music festival in the world, the festival is hosted by the Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal (ASPM) and initiated by Pt. Bhimsen Joshi as a memorial music conference commemorating the life and work of Pt. Joshi's guru, Pt. Sawai Gandharva alias Rambhau Kundgolkar, the festival's namesake.

While Pt. Joshi was leading the organization of the festival, performing artists received personal invitations from Pt. Joshi to perform at the festival. With an emphasis on Hindustani Classical Khayal music, instrumentalists, dancers, dhrupadiyas, Bhakti musicians, Ghazal musicians, Qawwaliyas, and Carnatic musicians frequent the concert lineup.

A younger artist's debut performance at the festival connotes their "arrival" and promise to the Classical music scene of India (most recently including Rahul Deshpande, Kaushiki Chakrabarty, and Mahesh Kale).

Since its inception, the festival has grown into a prominent cultural soiree for Pune's musical connoisseurs, featuring the foremost musicians of traditional Indian musical forms.

History

The festival was started in 1953 on a small scale, to commemorate the first death anniversary of Pt. Sawai Gandharva, the acclaimed Hindustani Classical vocalist of the Kirana Gharana.

The festival played a key role in the development of Hindustani Classical music in India's post-independence cultural history. Prior to Indian Independence, Hindustani Classical musicians were supported by monarchs under patronage as court musicians since the beginning of the Mughal Empire. After independence, the political division between India and Pakistan culturally alienated many Hindustani musicians. The newfound Indian Republic resulted in an end to the patronage of musicians. Classical musicians were forced to find new methods of sustaining themselves and their art. Public performances of Classical musicians rose as a result, where the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival played an integral role in establishing a regional audience for Indian Classical music. Within the first several decades following Indian Independence, a great number of music festivals or music conferences were founded in order to provide a platform for Classical musicians to perform.

Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal

Change in leadership

Pt. Bhimsen Joshi was leading the organization of the festival since its beginning until 2002 when his health problems became of concern.[2] Following, Pt. Joshi's youngest son, Shrinivas Joshi, and senior disciple, Shrikant Deshpande, succeeded Pt. Joshi in organizing the music conference.[3] Since Bhimsen Joshi's death in 2011, Shrinivas Joshi and Anand Deshmukh have been leading organizers of the music conference.[4]

Growth

The festival was initiated specifically to showcase performers of the Kirana Gharana and started on a small scale. Gharana-specific music festivals were popular at the time because musicians wanted to commercialize their Gharana style and artists.

Pt. Bhimsen Joshi was instrumental in inviting musicians from varying backgrounds to the festival because of his own appreciation and reverence for diverse approaches to presenting Indian Classical music. By the late 1970s, the festival established itself as a festival that had the fullest representation of the Classical music temperament in India.

As a result, the festival has become an annual event for music connoisseurs worldwide and reinforces the modernity of Indian Classical Music.

Recent years

During the 2014 festival, there was a heavy rain on 13 Dec which lead for the postponement of the festival to 1 January 2015.[5]

Influence of 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic

The 2009 Festival was postponed to January 2010 due to an H1N1 scare in Pune. This was the first instance in festival history of any kind of postponement.[6][7]

Criticism

Recently, many festival regulars have criticized the festival's growing commercial success for causing a decrease in musical quality. Many attribute this to Pt. Bhimsen Joshi's retirement from organizing the festival after 2002. At the 59th festival in 2011, the performances of senior musicians like Utd. Amjad Ali Khan and Dr. Prabha Atre were interrupted due to time restrictions, angering audiences. Many have also criticized the ASPM for inviting fewer musicians of less popularity to perform. The ASPM has also been criticized for not publicly releasing vintage recordings of past festival performances.

Renaming

After Pt. Bhimsen Joshi's death in January 2011, the Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal decided to rename the festival "Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Mahotsav" from "Sawai Gandharva Mahotsav" in honor of the legendary vocalist.[8]

Tradition

The Sawai Gandharva Music Festival is conducted every year in the first two weeks of December over three days. In the past, the festival runs through whole the night and the days used to end in the morning. Later on, when Pune Municipal Corporation set rule to finish the program before 10 pm which leads to change in the schedule of the program. Traditionally, each festival is inaugurated with a tribute honoring Pt. Sawai Gandharva, with a Shehnai musician performing first, in the early morning. During the first two days, programs begin in the late-afternoon and are supposed to officially end by 10 pm. On the third and final day (previously a Saturday, now usually a Sunday), the programme is conducted in two sessions, the first beginning in the early morning continuing until the early afternoon, the second session begins in the early evening and ends at 10 p.m.

Finale performances

It has been tradition that the last, finale performance is presented by Pt. Bhimsen Joshi. Since Pt. Joshi's retirement in 2004, other members of the Kirana Gharana have concluded the festival, including Pt. Sangmeshwar Gurav in 2005, leading disciples of Pt. Bhimsen Joshi in 2006. Doyen of Kirana Gharana, eminent vocalist Dr. Prabha Atre has concluded every festival since 2007.

The festival officially concludes with the entire audience and remaining performers listening to the Thumri in Raag Bhairavi recording "Jamuna Ke Teer" by Sawai Gandharva, a tune made famous by and signature of his guru, Utd. Abdul Karim Khan.

List of festivals and performances

The Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal takes the task of recording details of the festival each year. The festival has been recorded in picture, video and audio, some of which is commercially available. Festivals are listed counter-chronologically.

1950s

1st Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1953)[9]
2nd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1954)[9]
3rd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1955)[9]
4th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1956)[9]

Festival was rained out due to monsoon.

5th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1957)[9]
6th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1958)[9]
7th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1959)[9]

1960s

8th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1960)[9]
9th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1961)[9]
10th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1962)[10]

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11th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1963)[11]

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12th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1964)[12]

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13th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1965)[13]

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14th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1966)[14]

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15th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1967)[15]

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16th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1968)[16]

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17th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1969)[17]

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1970s

18th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1970)[18]
19th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1971)[19]
20th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1972)[20]
21st Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1973)[21]
22nd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1974)[22]
23rd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1975)[23]
24th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1976)[24]
25th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1977)[25]
26th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1978)[26]
27th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1979)[27]

1980s

28th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1980)[28]
29th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1981)[29]
30th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1982)[30]
31st Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1983)[31]
32nd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1984)[32]
33rd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1985)[33]
34th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1986)[34]
35th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1987)[35]
36th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1988)[36]
37th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1989)[37]

1990s

38th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1990)[38]
39th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1991)[39]
40th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1992)[40]
41st Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1993)[41]
42nd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1994)[42]
43rd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1995)[43]
44th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1996)[44]
45th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1997)[45]
46th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1998)[46]
47th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (1999)[47]

Thursday, 9 December 1999

Friday, 10 December 1999

Saturday, 11 December 1999

2000s

48th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2000)[48]

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49th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2002)[49]

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50th (Golden Jubilee) Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2002)[50]

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51st Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2003)[51]

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52nd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2004)[52]

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53rd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2005)[53]

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54th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2006)[54]
55th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2007)[55]

56th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2008)[56]
Official logo of the 56th Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav.
Official logo of the 56th Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav.

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57th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2009)[57]

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Table "col" Yes No {{col-begin}},
{{col-begin-fixed}} or
{{col-begin-small}} 		{{col-break}} or
{{col-2}} .. {{col-5}} 		{{col-end}}

† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead.

2010s

58th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2010)[58]

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a <div>...</div> open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type Family
Handles wiki
table code?†
 Responsive/
mobile suited 		Start template Column divider End template
Float "col-float" Yes Yes {{col-float}} {{col-float-break}} {{col-float-end}}
"columns-start" Yes Yes {{columns-start}} {{column}} {{columns-end}}
Columns "div col" Yes Yes {{div col}} – {{div col end}}
"columns-list" No Yes {{columns-list}} (wraps div col) – –
Flexbox "flex columns" No Yes {{flex columns}} – –
Table "col" Yes No {{col-begin}},
{{col-begin-fixed}} or
{{col-begin-small}} 		{{col-break}} or
{{col-2}} .. {{col-5}} 		{{col-end}}

† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead.

59th Sawai Gandharva Music Festival (2011)[59]

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a <div>...</div> open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type Family
Handles wiki
table code?†
 Responsive/
mobile suited 		Start template Column divider End template
Float "col-float" Yes Yes {{col-float}} {{col-float-break}} {{col-float-end}}
"columns-start" Yes Yes {{columns-start}} {{column}} {{columns-end}}
Columns "div col" Yes Yes {{div col}} – {{div col end}}
"columns-list" No Yes {{columns-list}} (wraps div col) – –
Flexbox "flex columns" No Yes {{flex columns}} – –
Table "col" Yes No {{col-begin}},
{{col-begin-fixed}} or
{{col-begin-small}} 		{{col-break}} or
{{col-2}} .. {{col-5}} 		{{col-end}}

† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead.

List of performing artists

The following musicians have performed at the Sawai Gandharva festival (listed by seniority). The featured musicians have included:

Vocalists

3

Bansuri

3

Harmonium (soloists)

3

Kathak

3

Santoor

3

Sarod

3

Shehnai

3

Sitar

3

Tar shehnai

3

Tabla (soloists)

3

Violin

3

Accompanists

See also

References

  1. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Mahotsav renamed – Mumbai – DNA". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  2. ^ "Still magical". The Hindu. 31 October 2002. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  3. ^ "Sawai Gandharva music fest to start from Dec 11 – The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Times News Network. 25 November 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  4. ^ "This year on, Sawai will be Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Mahotsav". Indian Express. 19 November 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  5. ^ Sawai Mahotsav postponed
  6. ^ "Sawai Gandharva festival postponed". The Times of India. 25 October 2009.
  7. ^ Sawai Gandharva Festival to be held from January Indian Express.
  8. ^ "Music fest renamed Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Mahotsav". The Times of India. 19 November 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Deshpande, A. P. (2002), Swarayadnya: Sawai Gandharva Music Festival's Fifty Years, Rajhans Prakashan, pp. 78–79, ISBN 978-81-7434-242-3
  10. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1962 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  11. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1963 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  12. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1964 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  13. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1965 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  14. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1966 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  15. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1967 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  16. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1968 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  17. ^ "Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav 1969 Lineup". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  18. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  19. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  20. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
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  24. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  25. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  26. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  27. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  28. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  29. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. 10 December 1981. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  30. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  31. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  32. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  33. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  34. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  35. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  36. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2010". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  37. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1989". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  38. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1990". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  39. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1991". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  40. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1992". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  41. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1993". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  42. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1994". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  43. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1995". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  44. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1996". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  45. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1996". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. 8 January 1998. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  46. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1998". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  47. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 1999". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  48. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2000". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  49. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2001–02". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  50. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2002". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. 26 December 2002. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  51. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2003". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  52. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2004". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  53. ^ "Sawai Gandharva 2005". Sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  54. ^ http://sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com/2006.html [dead link]
  55. ^ http://sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com/2007.html [dead link]
  56. ^ http://sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com/2008.html [dead link]
  57. ^ http://sawaigandharvasangeetmahotsav.com/2010.html [dead link]
  58. ^ "Sawai opening day holds music lovers spellbound". The Times of India. 10 December 2010.
  59. ^ The Times of India http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-PUN-sawai-gandharva-mahotsav-renamed-2575912.html. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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