Timeline of the introduction of color television in countries and territories
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Timeline_of_the_introduction_of_colour_television_by_decade.svg/300px-Timeline_of_the_introduction_of_colour_television_by_decade.svg.png)
This is a list of when the first color television broadcasts were transmitted to the general public. Non-public field tests, closed-circuit demonstrations and broadcasts available from other countries are not included, while including dates when the last black-and-white stations in the country switched to color or shutdown all black-and white television sets, which has been highlighted in red.
List in alphabetical order
[edit]- Note: Asterisks (*) after locations below are for "Television in LOCATION" links.
Location | Year color TV was introduced (the year of completion is in red) | Network or channel | Color system | Clarification |
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1980[citation needed] | National Television of Abkhaz ASSR | SECAM | |
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1966/1972 | KENI-TV (now KTUU) | NTSC | First program in color, on Monday, September 19, 1966, was the premiere episode of That Girl, an ABC show. KENI was a primary affiliate of both NBC and ABC. Transitioned to full color service by 1972. |
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1981/1982 | RTSH | PAL | Color broadcasts started in 1981, and became full-time by 1982. Color broadcasts had been available from Yugoslavia since 1971, and Italy since 1977. Frequencies have been occasionally jammed due to censorship of some programs in Albania in that time. |
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1973 | RTA | PAL | RTA transmitted in the older French 819-line standard System E, until 1973 when it started broadcasting in 625-line standard System B.[1] |
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1969 | KVZK-2 | NTSC | KVZK-2 was a National Educational Television affiliate. |
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1983 | TPA | PAL | |
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1978/1980 | LS 82 Canal 7 | PAL | Introduced for the 1978 FIFA World Cup by A78TV (Argentina 78 TV), a purpose-built system that took over the signals of channels 7 and 13 for the telecast of the Cup's games, even though only the finals and several second-round matches were broadcast in color for the domestic market. LS 82 Canal 7 became ATC (Argentina Televisora Color) on May 3, 1979, with sporadic color telecasts, which were officially authorized to begin at midnight on Thursday, May 1, 1980 on both ATC and LS 85 Canal 13, the latter of which had carried out late-night tests for several months beforehand, and previously undertook non-public experimental transmissions under the NTSC system in 1969, but the project was cancelled due to lack of government approval. Full-time color transmissions by late 1980-early 1981. Uses the PAL-N system. |
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1973/1981 | Armenia 1 | SECAM, PAL | First transmission was the 1973 May Day Parade in Yerevan. Full-time color transmissions since 1981.[2] |
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1973/1977 | Telearuba | NTSC | Color broadcasting was introduced in 1973 after tests, but there were still black and white programs that were received from Venezuela until around 1977.[3] |
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1974/1975 | ATV-0 (now ATV-10). | PAL | Permanent color telecasts since Saturday, 1 March 1975. First color test broadcast on Thursday, 15 June 1967, with live coverage of the Pakenham races.[4] Many television shows were produced and broadcast in color between 1972 and 1974, with limited color telecasts from mid-1974 on. |
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1969/1975 | ORF | PAL | First transmission was the Eurovision broadcast of the New Year Concert from Vienna on Wednesday, January 1, 1969. Full-time color transmissions since January 15, 1975. |
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1973/1978 | AzTV | SECAM, PAL | First color broadcasts in Azerbaijan started in 1973 using the SECAM standard. Full color service started in 1978. |
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1983 | ZNS-TV | NTSC | Color transmissions had been available from Miami since 1954 (WTVJ) and West Palm Beach since the late 1950s[5] |
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1980 | BTV | PAL | |
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1971/1984 | CBC | NTSC | |
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1974 | Belteleradio | SECAM | Full-time color service came in 1974[6] with SECAM. |
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1984 | Channel 7 | NTSC | Color broadcasts have been available from Mexico since 1967. |
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1982 | OTRB | SECAM | |
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1971 | RTB, BRT | PAL | Color broadcasts from France (SECAM), Germany and The Netherlands (PAL) were available since 1967. Early receivers were very costly owing to multiple standards: PAL/SECAM/625 lines and monochrome/819 lines |
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1968 | ZBM-TV | NTSC | ZBM was an affiliate of the U.S. network CBS. |
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1978/1980 | TV Boliviana | NTSC | Experimental color broadcasts began in 1977. Full-time color arrived in 1980. Color broadcasts have been available from Brazil since 1972, but were PAL-M. |
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1971/1972/1975[citation needed] | Radiotelevizija Sarajevo (now BHT 1) | PAL | First color transmission came from Belgrade in December 1971,[7] local service began regular color broadcasts in 1972,[citation needed] but some programmes on Televizija Sarajevo (like the main news program "Dnevnik") began broadcasting in color by 1974,[citation needed] and full-time broadcasts began in early/mid 1975.[citation needed] |
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1962/1972/1978 | Bandeirantes, Globo, Record | PAL-M | First transmissions (unofficial and just for specific programs) were made between 1962 and 1963 in the city of São Paulo by Rede Tupi and also by Rede Excelsior, both using NTSC. Tests for the regular PAL-M transmissions began in 1970 with the Mexico's FIFA World Cup, and the first official transmission was the coverage of the 12th Caxias do Sul Grape Festival on February 19, 1972. Limited color transmissions from 1973 to 1978. Full-time color transmissions since 1978. |
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1969/1972/1976 | BNT | SECAM | Test transmissions began in 1969. Regular color broadcasting began on September 9, 1972. Full color transmissions achieved by 1976.[8] |
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1976 | Volta Vision | SECAM | This country is now known as Burkina Faso since 1984. |
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1980 | BBS | PAL, NTSC | This country is now known as Myanmar since 1988. Color broadcasts began on November 1, 1980.[9] |
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1983 | RTNB | SECAM | |
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1986 | National Television of Kampuchea | SECAM, PAL | Color transmissions started in 1986, switched to PAL from 1991. Last independent country in the world to receive color television.[10][11] The reason why Cambodia started late was due to how after the Khmer Rouge took over in 1975, all television equipment was destroyed and after Vietnam invaded in 1979, resources were so sparse that Cambodia only had enough equipment to start monochrome TV in 1983.[12] |
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1964/1966/1978 | (CBC, SRC), CTV | NTSC | Test began as early as 1964,[13] and Color Television was officially launched in both English and French at 12:01 a.m. on July 1, 1966, at the beginning of Canada's 100th year as a nation. Color broadcasts from the United States had been available since the mid-1950s. A mandatory transition to color for all transmitters took place between 1969 and 1976 on all English and French channels. CBC began full-time color broadcasts in 1974. Full-time color officially achieved in 1978 on most major market TV Flagship stations but there was a small amount of transmitter chains (Repeaters) and privately owned television stations with low funding that continued to broadcast in black and white until at least the early 1980s when color broadcasting equipment became more readily available and affordable. |
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1985 | TVCA | SECAM | |
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1982 | Télé Tchad | SECAM | |
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1977/1978/1979 | TVN, Televisión Universidad Católica de Chile (TVUC) now Canal 13 | NTSC | The first exhibition of closed-circuit color television in Chile was carried out in March 1974 at the State Technical University (Universidad Técnica del Estado, now known as Universidad de Santiago) with equipment supplied by the Embassy of the United States which was then acquired by state-owned network TVN, which broadcast several games from the 1974 FIFA World Cup in color through closed-circuit systems, also transmitting the Viña del Mar Festival in color, but only for export between the 16th and 18th editions. The network eventually rolled out test colorcasts in late 1977 and early 1978. First nationwide color show transmitted was Esta noche fiesta of Canal 13 on Monday, April 10, 1978.[14] First news report in color was shown at Teletrece on April 12, 1978.[15] Full-time color transmissions since mid-1979. Regional network Red Norte made several tests with the PAL system in 1976-77. |
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1960 | BTV Channel 2 (now CCTV-1, not BRTV) | NTSC (or possibly OSKM[note 1]) | Plans to introduce NTSC began in 1958,[16] Internal tests launched in May 1960,[17] and over-the-air experimental broadcasts were conducted in October 1960,[18] but were canceled a few months later due to economic difficulties.[18] |
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1970/1973[19][20]/1977/1984[note 2] | BTV Channel 8 (now CCTV-2, not BRTV) | PAL | In 1969, the government began to urge the relevant research institutes to carry out research on color television.[22] After that, in 1970, institutes throughout China started the "Color Television Collaborative Research Project"("彩色电视攻关大会战").[23][24][22] Between 1970[25] and 1975, many experimental broadcasts were conducted, including PAL,[18] SECAM,[18][26] as well as a variety of self-developed standards (e.g., HXZ,[note 3] 1035-line line-sequential color system,[note 4] etc.). In 1971, PAL was set as a temporary standard.[28] In August 1972, PAL inventor Walter Bruch traveled to Shanghai to give an academic lecture.[29] Trial broadcasts since April 1973, and regular full-time color broadcasts since October 1973. full-time color transmissions for all two channels, including Channel 2 (now CCTV-1) since 1977. Microwave relay color transmissions since 1975, and full-time color transmissions throughout all China using satellites DFH-2 2(STTW-T2) were in 1984 (for some newly built CCTV relay stations in Xinjiang, Xizang[30]).[20] Color broadcasts from Taiwan Kinmen relay transmitter (NTSC) (which had been available in some coastal areas of Fujian since 1978[31]), Hong Kong (PAL) (which had been available in most parts of Guangdong since 1967) and the Soviet Union (SECAM) (which had been available in a few border areas of Heilongjiang since 1967[32]). |
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1969/1975 | CTV | NTSC | Full-time color transmissions since 1975. Color broadcasts from Fujian had been available in Matsu Islands since 1976,[33] and Kinmen since 1982[34] in PAL. |
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1979/1981 | Cenpro Televisión, Inravisión | NTSC | Test broadcasts in SECAM were held in 1966.[35] Tests for the regular transmissions began in 1971 with the coverage of that year's Pan American Games held in Cali. In October 1973, the programadora[clarification needed] Cenpro Televisión made a color broadcast during an education seminar with Japanese-made equipment. Color broadcasts from Panama and Venezuela had been available since 1972, while telecasts from Ecuador had been available beginning in 1973. In 1974, the inauguration of West Germany's FIFA World Cup was shown in color in closed circuit at two colosseums in Bogota and Cali.[36] Regular color transmissions since Saturday, December 1, 1979.[37] Full-time color transmissions since 1981. |
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1974 | Télé-Zaïre | SECAM | In preparation for color broadcasts, Télé-Zaïre ordered RCA for $1.6 million in equipments and services.[38] |
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1975 | Télé Congo | SECAM | |
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1969/1974 | Televictoria, Telecentro, TICA-TV | NTSC | Full-time color broadcasts since 1974. |
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1966/1968/1975 | Radiotelevizija Zagreb (now HRT 1) | PAL | Tests began in 1966. The first program was broadcast to the public in 1968, and became full-time by 1975.[39] |
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1958/1975/1985 | Tele-Color, S.A., Tele Rebelde (1975) | NTSC | Started in 1958 as the second country in the world to have color telecasts in Havana's channel 4. Ended in 1959 as a result of the Cuban Revolution under Fidel Castro; returned in 1975 this time starting with Tele Rebelde and Havana's channel 2 (which would later become part of Tele Rebelde in April 1979), to broadcast the 1st Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba. Full-time color broadcasts since 1985.[40] |
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1976 | CyBC | SECAM | Regular broadcast in Cyprus since 1976. |
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1970/1973/1975/1980 | ČST | SECAM, PAL | The first color program was on February 14, 1970.[41] Regular color broadcasts started on May 9, 1973, on second channel and on May 9, 1975, on first channel. Full color transition in 1980,[42] switched to PAL broadcasting in 1993. ČST started color experiments in the late 1960s for PAL. After the Soviet invasion in 1968, SECAM was chosen for broadcasting, but not for production. Television studios worked in PAL and than it was transcoded for SECAM broadcasting until 1993. Color telecasts from East Germany were available since 1969. |
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1968/1970 | Danmarks Radio | PAL | First introduced for the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France.[43] The national broadcaster's programming transitioned to color throughout 1969 and "color tests" were officially ended on Wednesday, April 1, 1970.[43] Color broadcasts had been available from West Germany since 1967. |
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1974 | RTD | SECAM | The country became independent in 1977. |
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1969 | Color Visión | NTSC | |
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1973/1974/1980 | Ecuavisa, Teleamazonas | NTSC | Teleamazonas was founded in 1973, broadcasting several color programs from its start. However, these would only be officially authorized in 1980, when full-time transmission began. |
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1973 | ETV | PAL | |
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1976/1982 | RNGE | SECAM | |
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1973 | Canal 4 (Part-time) Canal 6 (Full-time) Currently, both channels are part of TCS since 1985. |
NTSC | First color transmissions have available from Guatemala in the west of the country since 1970. The first broadcast in color was on Saturday, March 3, 1973 at 8:30 pm on Canal 4 using the NTSC system, provided by RCA color cameras with the program "La Danza de los Colones", the channel was later adopted full-color transmissions during the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany. Canal 6 returned as the first full-color service transmission on April 6, as YSWA-TV. Later that decade, Canal 2 and Televisión Educativa (Channels 8 and 10) adopted full-time color service.[44] |
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1967/1972/1981 | ETV | SECAM, PAL | First color broadcasts came from Moscow; first local color program was transmitted on Saturday, December 30, 1972. Full-time color TV broadcasts since July 1981.[45] Transitioned from SECAM to PAL 1992–1999. |
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1979/1984 | ETV | PAL | The first color broadcasts starting in 1979. Full color broadcasts in 1984. |
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1969/1970/1976/1979 | YLE, MTV | PAL | The first broadcast in color was the President Urho Kekkonen's New Year speech in 1969,[46] and color television licenses were introduced the same year.[47] Color was introduced gradually; most programs were in color by the end of the 1970s. Some news broadcasts remained in black-and-white until May 1979.[48] MTV's first color broadcast was in 1970,[49] with color production beginning in 1976. |
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1967/1975/1983 | ORTF | SECAM | Tested from 1964 to 1966 and introduced on La deuxième chaîne at 2:15pm (14:15) on Sunday, October 1, 1967, although monochrome TV commercials was filmed until 1972. The first channel (later TF1) remained in black and white for years due to being transmitted in the older 819-line standard: its transition to color 625-line began on Saturday, December 20, 1975, and the full nationwide color coverage was only achieved on July 19, 1983.[50] |
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1972 | RFO (Télé Tahiti, now Polynésie la Première) | SECAM | |
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1974 | RFO (Guyane RFO TV) | SECAM | |
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1973 | RTG | SECAM | |
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1973/1976/1979 | GTN, GRTS, Kerewan TV | SECAM | Color broadcasts from Guinea have been available since 1971. Test color broadcasts began in 1972. Limited color broadcasts from 1973 to 1976 and full time color broadcasts from 1977 to 1979. GTN switched to PAL in 1996. |
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1968/1984 | GPB | SECAM | Georgia started to air color broadcasts on November 7, 1968 in Tbilisi,[51][52] yet full time color broadcasting wasn't achieved throughout the country, including sporadic areas until circa 1984. |
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1969/1976 | DFF | SECAM | Introduced on Friday, October 3, 1969, on the new second television channel launched for that purpose with a symbolic launch button pressed by Walter Ulbricht on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the German Democratic Republic on Tuesday, October 7. The television tower in East Berlin was also opened that day. Switchover on December 31, 1991, because of German reunification. Color broadcasts from West Germany had been available since 1967. |
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1967/1976 | ARD, ZDF | PAL | First country in Europe to introduce color on two television channels simultaneously, at 9:30am on Friday, August 25, 1967, with a symbolic launch button pressed by Willy Brandt on the International Radio and Television Fair in West Berlin. Full-time color service began in 1970. |
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1985 | GTV | PAL | Last country in Africa to introduce color television. |
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1980 | GBC | PAL | Color broadcasts have been available from Spain and Morocco since 1972. |
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1977/1981 | ERT | SECAM, PAL | Test color broadcasts began in 1976. Partial color broadcasts started from 1977 to 1981. Full color transmissions since 1981. ERT switched to PAL in 1992. |
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1984/1987 | KNR | NTSC, PAL | Color broadcasts from Canada had been available since 1966, but were NTSC. Private transmitters were built to receive television signals from Canada long before Greenland had their native television service which came into broadcast in 1982. Full-time color service came in 1984, remote areas continued to broadcast in black and white until c. 1987–1990. |
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1972 | RFO (Guadeloupe 1ère) | SECAM | |
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1982 | RTG | PAL | Color broadcasts from the Ivory Coast had been available since 1977, but were SECAM. [53] |
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1970 | RTG | NTSC | First Central American country to introduce color television; color broadcasts available from Mexico since 1967. |
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1970 | KUAM-TV | NTSC | KUAM was a primary NBC affiliate that also carried some programming from ABC and CBS. |
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1979 | GBC | NTSC | |
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1971 | Télé Haïti[54] | NTSC | |
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1957/1961 | KONA-TV (now KHON-TV), KHVH-TV (now KITV), KGMB | NTSC | KHVH-TV (independent) began color broadcasting on May 5, 1957.[55] After purchasing the ABC affiliate station in July 1958,[56] however, color shows stopped by the end of that year.[57] KONA-TV (NBC) started test color shows in September 1961 [58] and began regular color programming on October 1, 1961.[59] KHVH-TV (ABC) returned to color after a nearly 4-year hiatus on July 14, 1962.[60] The last American commercial network affiliate station in Hawaii, KGMB-TV (CBS), started its color showings on December 22, 1965.[61] |
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1973 | Canal 3 Honduras | NTSC | |
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1971/1973/1975 | TVB, RTV | PAL | The first country in Greater China to introduce color television in 1967. The first experimental color broadcast was at the 1969 Hong Kong Festival. TVB introduced color broadcasts in 1971, and RTV in 1973. Full-time color broadcasts since 1975. |
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1968/1969/1971/1980 | Magyar Televízió | SECAM, PAL | The first experimental color test was in 1968, and then regular tests the following year in 1969,[62] however, there wasn't actual regular color TV broadcasting until 1971, and Full-time Color broadcasting was 1980, when news programs such as Híradó fully switched to color.[63] |
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1974/1978 | RÚV (Sjónvarpið) | PAL | Full-time color broadcasts since 1974 to 1978. |
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1978/1982 | Doordarshan | PAL | Experimental color broadcasts began in 1978. Full color broadcasts were introduced on 25 April 1982. |
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1977/1979 | TVRI | PAL | Broadcasting began in 1977,[64] with it becoming Full-time on September 1, 1979[65] |
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1975/1976/1978 | NIRT | PAL | Although NIRT had the facilities to broadcast in color around 1974 for the Asian Games, Color broadcasts didn't begin until 1975, although reception was largely confined to affluent people who are able to afford colour sets.[66] Regular colour broadcasts were introduced in 1976.[67] full broadcasts in colour were delayed until 1978, on account of the ability of local manufacturers to meet the demand for colour sets. Iran had switched to SECAM in February 1977, and used it until 1998, when they switched to PAL.[68] |
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1968 | RTI | SECAM | First Muslim country to introduce color television. |
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1968/1970/1972/1978 | RTÉ | PAL | First color broadcast was in 1968, however, an error in standards conversion may have transmitted the 1968 Wimbledon Men's Finals in color. First original color produced programme was John Hume's Derry shown under the 7 Days banner, first transmitted in 1969. First outside color broadcast were the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 held in Dublin on Saturday, 3 April 1972. Color broadcasts from the United Kingdom available since 1967. Full-time color broadcasts began with RTE 2 launched on 1 November 1978. |
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1977/1979/1983 | IBA, IETV | PAL | Introduced for the coverage of the Egyptian president's visit to Israel in November 1977, then reintroduced for the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 in Jerusalem on Saturday, March 31, 1979. Gradual transition to full-time color transmissions from 1982 to 1984. Full-time color transmissions since February 16, 1983.[69] Color broadcasts had been available from Lebanon since 1967 and Egypt since 1973 and Jordan since 1974. Since color TVs were considered more expensive, the government ordered removing the color signals, in the name of public equality. However, Engineers developed a device that restores the colors from programs that were originally shot in color, and thousands of such devices were sold. (see anti-Mehikon on Hebrew Wiki) Major television networks in Israel have been filming programs in color for foreign audiences since at least 1974. |
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1972/1977/1979 | RAI | PAL | Introduction temporarily stalled by political turmoil. Color broadcasts from France (SECAM) had been available since 1967, from Austria (PAL) since 1969, and from Yugoslavia (PAL) since 1971. Privately operated transmitter chains made these signals available as far as Rome. The first color test was in 1972 Summer Olympic Games. The Sanremo Music Festival began to be broadcast in color in 1973, as well as, in the same year, the Jeux Sans Frontières. Partial color transmissions started on Tuesday, February 1, 1977. Full time since 1979. |
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1970 | RTI | SECAM | First African country to introduce color television. |
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1975 | JBC | NTSC | Color broadcasts have been available from Jamaica since 1975. |
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1960/1971/1977 | NHK, NTV, KRT (now TBS), YTV, ABC | NTSC | The first Asian country to introduce color television, beginning telecasts on Saturday, September 10, 1960, through the NHK, NTV, KRT (now TBS) and their Osaka affliates, with NHK's Tokyo station and NTV having started test broadcasts since December 28th 1957, and domestic made color TV's beginning to be made the same year. [70] Full-time color service introduced in 1971, when Fukushima Central Television introduced color TV,[71]: 24 and when NHK General TV ended its black and white transmissions.[72] However, there were still very few select programs on NHK Educational TV that were in Black and White until October 1977.[73] Uses the NTSC-J system. |
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1974 | JTV | PAL | |
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1969/1981 | Kazakhstan | SECAM, PAL | Color television began only in Almaty in 1969 at first,[74] but eventually, color television became full time in the entire country in January 1981.[75] |
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1978 | KBC | PAL | |
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1974/1977/1991 | KCTV | PAL | Regular TV transmissions on KCTV started in July 1974, and Full Time since September 1977.[76] However, Ryongnamsan Television switched to color TV on October 10, 1991, making Ryongnamsan TV the last recorded TV channel to switch to color in the world, and also making North Korea the last country to finish the transition to color TV, while already having it on some TV channels in the process.[77] |
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1980/1981 | KBS, MBC | NTSC | Regular test color broadcasts began in the late 1970s, with the first color TV sets being built in 1975. Regular color broadcasts began in 1980, with full-time color broadcasts beginning in 1981. Color broadcasts have been available from Japan since 1961, North Korea since 1974, and American Forces Network stations in South Korea since 1977.[78] |
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1982 | RTP | PAL | |
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1974 | KTV | PAL | |
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1974/1981 | KTRK | SECAM | Color broadcasting started in 1974, and has been full time since 1981.[79] |
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1968/1974 | LTV | SECAM, PAL | First color broadcasts came from Moscow. First local color program was transmitted on Monday, January 28, 1974.[80] Switched from SECAM to PAL on February 2, 1998. |
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1967 | CLT/Télé Liban | SECAM | In 1967, CLT became the third television station in the world after the Soviet Union and France to broadcast in color, utilizing the French SECAM technology.[81] |
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1975 | LBS | PAL | |
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1976 | Al-Libyah TV | PAL | |
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1968/1975 | LRT | SECAM, PAL | Color broadcasting started on February 26, 1975.[82] Used SECAM from 1968 to 1996. PAL has been in use since 1997. |
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1967/1972 | Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion | PAL, SECAM | The then only channel for audiences in Luxembourg, France and Belgium originally used the French/Belgian 819-line black and white standard. After Belgium and France opted for different color systems, Luxembourg broadcast two versions of the same channel. All later RTL channels aimed at French, German and Dutch-speaking audiences in Europe adopted the standards of their target markets. Full color telecasts began in 1972. |
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1971/1975/1978 | Televizija Skopje (now MRT 1) | PAL | Test transmissions from Serbia in December 1971, domestic color programs started in 1975, with it being full time before 1978, when Macedonia's second channel came along.[83] |
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1977 | MBS | SECAM | |
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1978/1980/1982 | RTM | PAL | Color broadcasts was introduced as a test transmission beginning in late 1977. Introduced in Peninsular Malaysia on beginning 28 December 1978 and in full service by New Year's Day 1979, but was not introduced in Sabah and Sarawak until 31 August 1980 (23rd Merdeka Day). Color broadcasts had been available from Southern Thailand since 1972, the Philippines since 1966, and Singapore since 1974. Full-time color broadcasts began from 1979 to 1981 and became fully operational with effect from Friday, 1 January 1982 (New Year's Day). |
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1984 | TVM | PAL | Color broadcasts had been available from India and Sri Lanka since 1982. |
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1984 | ORTM | SECAM | |
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1978/1981 | TVM | PAL | Color broadcasts from Italy had been available since 1978, regular test transmissions from Wednesday, 1 January 1975. Full-time color transmissions began in 1981. |
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1969 | RFO (Martinique 1ère) | SECAM | |
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1984 | TV de Mauritanie | SECAM | |
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1975/1978 | MBC | SECAM | Color television arrived on a full-time schedule in 1978. |
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1963/1968/1970 | Canal 5 Telesistema Mexicano (now Televisa) | NTSC | Launched Friday, February 8, 1963, with the program Paraiso Infantil. Color had been available previously in a few border cities from the United States, on a limited basis. Regular color transmissions started with the 1968 Summer Olympic Games, with full service by late 1970. Curiously, Mexico had its own system of color television, invented by Guillermo González, prior to NTSC adoption, which would be used for the 1964 Summer Olympic Games. |
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1974/1981 | TeleRadio-Moldova | SECAM, PAL | First transmissions from Russia in 1967. regular color broadcasting since 1974, and full-time in 1981.[84] |
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1973 | TMC | PAL, SECAM | Color broadcasts from France had been available since 1967, but the first TV's color broadcasts from Monaco begins in December 1973 on the national TV Channel TMC. |
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1976/1981/1988 | MNB | SECAM, PAL | The first color program was shown in 1976.[85] Regular Color broadcasting began in 1981,[86] but full-time color broadcasting was not achieved until December 1988.[87] |
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1974 | Radiotelevizija Titograd (now TVCG 1) | PAL | |
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1972 | RTM | SECAM | First test transmission was in 1972. |
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1984 | TVM | PAL | |
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1967 | NPO | PAL | Introduced on both national channels (Nederland 1 and Nederland 2) on Thursday, September 21, 1967, opened by Leo de Block, at the Firato '67 exhibition.[88] |
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1973 | TeleCuraçao | NTSC | |
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1972 | RFO (France Ô - Nouvelle Calédonie) | SECAM | New Caledonia began to broadcast in color for the 1972 Summer Olympic Games, full color broadcasts became official in 1978.[citation needed] |
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1973/1975 | NZBC | PAL | Introduced on 31 October 1973, as part of preparations for the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, held in Christchurch in February 1974.[89] Colour was initially available in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch, with other areas added as transmitters were upgraded. Full-time colour broadcasting started 1 April 1975 coinciding with the move to the new Avalon studios and launch of Television One.[90] |
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1973 | Televicentro Canal 2 | NTSC | |
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1979 | Télé Sahel | SECAM | Color broadcasts had been available from Nigeria from 1974, but were PAL. |
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1974 | WNTV (now called the NTA) | PAL | |
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1972/1975 | NRK | PAL | Experimental color broadcasts introduced for the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. Regular test transmissions from Saturday, January 1, 1972. Full-time color broadcasts since Wednesday, January 1, 1975. Color broadcasts had been available from Sweden since 1970, in parts of Norway and Finland since 1969. |
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1975 | Oman TV | PAL | Introduced in the New Year's Day in 1975. Color broadcasts has been available from Saudi Arabia since 1973 and United Arab Emirates from 1974. |
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1976/1982 | PTV | PAL | Full-time color transmissions since 1982. |
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1972[91] | TVN | NTSC | |
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1979 | TV Cerro Corá | PAL | Uses the PAL-N system. |
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1978/1980 | TV Perú, América Televisión, Panamericana Televisión | NTSC | First color test transmission was done in 1967 by Panamericana Televisión for a soap opera but for economic and political reasons the project was canceled. Color broadcasts from Ecuador had been available since 1973. Channel 7 made test broadcasts with their own content since 1974, using the three existing standards (NTSC, PAL and SECAM), later mostly using NTSC since late-1976/1977. In Thursday January 17, 1978, the Peruvian government approved the NTSC color television standard and official broadcasts were authorised. The first official color broadcast was the 20th anniversary of Lima's Channel 7 on January 17, 1978,[92] the same day the Peruvian government approved color broadcasts. The coverage of the 1978 election was probably the first official color broadcast in the 2 main networks (América Televisión and Panamericana Televisión). América Televisión and Panamericana Televisión began their regular color broadcasting with the broadcast of the 1978 Argentina's FIFA World Cup; however, most main programming still aired in black-and-white until April 1980, after the now-private stations announced their new full-color programming in February 1980. Also, color receivers were not widely available before late 1979 due to import restrictions.[93] Transition completed on October 1, 1980. |
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1966/1969/1971 | ABS-CBN, Kanlaon Broadcasting System (later RPN) | NTSC | First color test transmission was in 1963. Commercial launch on June 12, 1966 using RCA color from 1:00 to 3:00 pm. A special newscast was broadcast in color when Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon. Full-time color transmissions began in 1971 when color sets became more widespread in the Manila area and suburbs within RBS 7 and ABC 5. KBS-9 was the first Philippine TV station to launch in color (1969), funded in part by ABS-CBN. It was the second Asian country to broadcast in color. |
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1971 | TVP | SECAM, PAL | First time color program was broadcast on March 16, 1971 & regular broadcasting began on December 6, 1971, for 6th PUWP congress. The 1972 Olympic Games in Munich used color in SECAM. Transitioned to PAL on January 1, 1994, for all TVP channels except for TVP1 which transitioned on January 1, 1995. |
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1976/1979/1980 | RTP | PAL | First experimental broadcasts for the coverage of the 1976 election[94] and the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal.[citation needed] Introduced for the Portuguese-language version of Jeux Sans Frontières on Wednesday, September 5, 1979;[citation needed] color broadcasts from Spain available since 1972. Full-color transmissions started March 7, 1980.[95] |
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1973 | QBS | PAL | Color broadcasts from Bahrain had been available since 1972. |
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1972 | RFO (1ère Réunion) | SECAM | Introduced for the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. |
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1981/1983/1985/1990 | TVR | PAL | Test color broadcasting began in 1981. Introduced for the 39th anniversary of King Michael's Coup on 23 August 1983 without the Ceaușescu family being notified. Unlike the other Warsaw Pact countries, Romania chose to adopt PAL rather than SECAM. Regular color broadcasting began in 1985,[96] but Full-time color broadcasts introduced between 1986 and 1990. |
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1967/1977/1987 | Soviet Central Television (now Channel One) | OSKM, SECAM | Test color broadcasting started in Moscow as early as January 14, 1960 using the OSKM system (based on NTSC, which was adapted to the European 625 lines standard, using a 4.43 MHz color subcarrier) from the Moscow Experimental TV Studio at Shabolovka street, but lasted only a few months as this system was rejected. Only about 4000 television sets were built for this system (Raduga, Temp 22, Izumrud 201/203). SECAM broadcasting was introduced specifically for the 50th Golden Jubilee Anniversary of the October Revolution in 1967. The Song of the Year festival and the New Year's address by the leader of the USSR began to be filmed in color in 1973. Full-time colorcasts by 1977, but however, there were small, peripheral stations at the edge of the country such as Siberia and low-income citizens finishing the switch in 1987.[97][98] Some parts of the USSR received color from Alaska since 1966 in some circumstances when signals were not jammed in some parts and were received by contraband receivers to pick up signals.[citation needed] |
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1982 | ORINFOR | SECAM | |
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1981 | ZIZ-TV | NTSC | This former British colony is the current Saint Kitts and Nevis. Color broadcasts have been available from Guadeloupe since 1972, but were SECAM. Full-color broadcast since 1981. |
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1967 | RFO (1ère SPM TV; Previously known as ORTF) | SECAM | Color transmissions had been available from Newfoundland and Labrador since 1967, but were NTSC. There are transmitters in SPM that can carry a signal from Newfoundland and Labrador which converts it to SECAM from NTSC and in some cases, In Fortune, Newfoundland, 1ère is converted to NTSC by a transmitter that is placed there. |
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1973 | SAGTS | SECAM | |
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1975 | RTS | SECAM | |
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1971/1979 | Televizija Beograd (now RTS1) | PAL | Introduced on the launch of the second TVB channel (TVB 2) on New Year's Eve of 1971,[7] as it was the first Yugoslav channel to start in color. From the late 1970s, TVB 1 switched to color, thus making all channels broadcast in color. (both TVB 1 and TVB 2, as they were only the channels available in that time) Full-time color broadcasts in SR Serbia since May 25, 1979.[99] Color broadcasts had been available from Italy since 1972. |
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1978 | SLBS | PAL | [100] |
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1974/1975/1976/1977 | Radio Television Singapore (RTS) | PAL | Test transmissions began for the 1974 Asian Games and officially introduced on July 8 for the 1974 World Cup Final. Full-time color broadcasts began on November 1, 1975, and from 1976 to 1977. |
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1973/1980 | ČST | SECAM, PAL | First color transmission in 1970 during World Ski Championship which was broadcast in PAL. Adopted SECAM in 1973 with full-color transition in 1980.[101] Switched to PAL from 1993. |
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1966/1972/1978 | Radiotelevizija Ljubljana (now TV Slovenija 1) | PAL | The first test color broadcasts were in 1966, with it becoming regular by 1972, and finally full-time in 1978, when the news programs switched to color.[102] |
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1972/1973/1978 | RTVE | SECAM, PAL | Color broadcasts had been available from France since 1967, but were SECAM. The Eurovision Song Contest 1969 in Madrid was produced in color, but it was televised in black and white to the local audience. First color tests were carried out in 1972. Regular color broadcasts were introduced between 1973 and 1977, although monochrome commercials continued to be made until 1978. |
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1976 | Sudan TV | PAL | |
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1977 | STVS | NTSC | |
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1970 | Sveriges Radio TV | PAL | Test transmissions started on Wednesday, December 14, 1966. Regular color service and color license fee introduced on Wednesday, April 1, 1970. |
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1968 | SBC | PAL | Switzerland used PAL to broadcast the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, color transmissions had been available from France and West Germany since 1967. |
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1976/1980 | STV | PAL | |
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1975/1982 | TVT | SECAM | Color broadcasting started on January 25, 1975,[103][104] then full-time broadcasting throughout the country by 1982. |
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1967/1975 | Channel 7 | PAL | Although television in Thailand originally employed a 525-line screen (System M, US standard at the time), the country opted for PAL color, which necessitated a conversion to system B (625 lines), starting with Channel 7 in November 1967. Regional stations converted between 1972 and 1975. |
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1981 | TVT | SECAM | Tests began around 1979, with regular color service in 1981.[105] |
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1977 | TTT | NTSC | |
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1972 | RTT | SECAM | Color broadcasts have been available from Italy since 1977 and Malta since at least 1975. |
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1981/1984 | TRT | PAL | Test transmissions started with the New Year's Eve celebrations on Thursday, December 31, 1981, and Friday, January 1, 1982; full color television did not start until Thursday, March 16, 1984. Color broadcasts from Greece had been available since 1976 and Bulgaria since at least 1971.[106] |
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1974 | Turkmen Television | SECAM | Talks, plans and minor tests began from Moscow in 1967.[107] First Central Asian country to introduce color television. Regular color broadcasting then started around 1974, but full-time color broadcasting wasn't until later.[108] |
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1975 | UTV | PAL | |
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1967/1969/1976 | UT-1 | SECAM, PAL | First transmission came from Moscow in 1967, Ukraine uses SECAM in for the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. Local color broadcasts began in 1969,[109] and full time since 1976.[110] |
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1974 | UAE-TV | PAL | |
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1967/1969/1976/1985 | BBC2 (1967), BBC1 and ITV (1969) | PAL | First experimental 405 line broadcasts using a variation of the NTSC system in 1955[111] and later showcased during the 1961 National Radio Show at Earls Court as an experiment.[112] In early 1966, the PAL system was adopted and introduced on BBC2 for Wimbledon coverage on Saturday, July 1, 1967. Some British television programmes, however, had been produced in color even before the introduction of color television in 1967, for the purpose of sales to American, Canadian, and Filipino networks. Full-time color broadcasts on BBC1 and the ITV network started November 15, 1969.[113] BBC Schools programming didn't begin color broadcasting until 1974 and full nationwide color broadcasting was achieved in 1976, when BBC East (Norwich) became the last region to adopt color for regional broadcasts and locally produced programmes. Monochrome 405-line Televisions ended transmissions in January 1985, thus ending black-and-white television in the UK permanently.[114] |
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1950 | CBS | FSC | Field-sequential color system (FSC);[115] experimental; ended 1951.[116] The first country with black and white transmission to introduce color television. |
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1953/1972/1986 | NBC, CBS | NTSC | Dot sequential system.[117] The US began a gradual transition to color in late 1953. The first color TV sets were very expensive and the audience for color was accordingly very small, so only specials and a handful of regularly scheduled shows aired in color during the 1950s. Market penetration slowly increased as more affordable sets and more color programming became available. A tipping point came in 1965, when the commercial networks first aired the majority of their prime-time shows in color. By the end of 1966, prime-time was all-color, but an ever-dwindling number of daytime, local and educational programs continued in black-and-white for a few more years. The percentage of color TV users crossed the 50% mark by 1972, and the last station to introduce color was WQEX-TV (a low-power repeater of WQED-TV) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1986. |
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1980/1981/1984[citation needed] | CXB-10 | PAL | Introduced for the 1980 Mundialito but locally broadcast in black and white. Local color broadcasting started in August 25, 1981 when Canal 10 brought regular color broadcasting, Montecarlo TV started to broadcast some Formula One editions in colour by late 1980-mid 1981, but full time color broadcasts wasn't achieved until around 1984. Uses PAL-N system.[citation needed] |
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1977/1984 | MTRK | SECAM | Experimental color broadcasts in 1971,[118] and then, Uzbekistan started regular Color TV broadcasts in 1978. Full-time color broadcasting since 1984.[119] |
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1974/1975/1979/1980 | RCTV, Venevision | NTSC | The first color transmission took place in 1970 with that year's FIFA World Cup aired by Radio Caracas Televisión. In 1972, Venezolana de Televisión broadcast Renny Ottolina's documentary Churun Meru in color through a closed-circuit system installed in a number of hotels. That year, both RCTV and Venevisión began the production of color programs, mostly for foreign sales, but also for the transmission of special events and some programs. In 1974, President Carlos Andrés Pérez banned the transmission of color programs until all Venezuelans could acquire any television with color reception capacity. However, by 1975 both private broadcasters had color-ready technical facilities and beginning in June 1978 several programs were clandestinely broadcast in color. On December 1, 1979, public broadcaster TVN Canal 5 aired the country's first officially-authorized color telecast, followed just one week later on December 8 with the broadcast of the OTI 1979 Festival, produced by the two private channels with President Luis Herrera Campins finally decreeing permission for color television on June 1, 1980, already full-time on all television stations. |
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1976/1977/1986/1987 | VTV | SECAM, PAL | Test color transmissions began in Ho Chi Minh City, South Vietnam in 1976. The first color television program aired during Tết of 1977.[120] Color televisions were available only in big cities until August 1, 1986.[121] The last station to switch to color TV was Ho Chi Minh City Television which switched on August 24, 1987 after a fire destroyed the entire television center the previous day. Switched to PAL from 1990. |
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1968 | WBNB-TV | NTSC | WBNB was a CBS affiliate whose first color broadcasts took place during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. This station was destroyed by Hurricane Hugo on September 18, 1989. |
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1975 | NYRTC | PAL | Television started to broadcast in color the same year as it was introduced.[122] |
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1981 | SYRTC | PAL | On March 8, 1981, South Yemen started color TV. Became the united Yemen's channel 2 after reunification in 1990.[123] |
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1977 | ZNBC | PAL | |
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1982/1984 | ZBC | PAL | Nevertheless, in October 1982 they began experimental broadcasts.[124][125] Color broadcasts have been available from Zambia since 1977 and South Africa since 1976.[126] Full-time color broadcast in 1984.[126] |
List of territories that never had black and white television
[edit]Countries and territories that never had black and white television (i.e., their first broadcasts were in color) are not included in the table above.
Afghanistan
Åland Islands
Andorra
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahrain
Bhutan
Bonaire
Botswana (Bechuanaland)
British Virgin Islands
Brunei
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Dominica
Eswatini (Swaziland)
Faroe Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
Fiji
Grenada
Guinea-Bissau
Kiribati
Laos
Lesotho
Liechtenstein
Macau
Malawi (Nyasaland)
Marshall Islands
Mayotte
Namibia (South West Africa)
Nauru
Nepal
Palestine
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Republika Srpska
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
São Tomé and Príncipe
San Marino
Seychelles
Sint Maarten
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Somaliland
South Africa
South Sudan
Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
Tanzania (Tanganyika)
Tonga
Tuvalu
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Vanuatu
Vatican City
Wallis and Futuna
Zanzibar
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ It also could have been the OSKM system, but all the references available say "American NTSC standard".[16][17][18] At that time, it was only 2 years since the first black-and-white TV broadcasting in China at 1958, and only about a dozen cities had TV stations.[17] Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that the standard of the experimental color broadcast was different from OSKM (e.g., it might not use YUV, but used YIQ like the original NTSC), or that it might have used System M, which was incompatible with System D, the de facto standard for black-and-white TVs of China at that time.
- ^ The exact time is undetermined, Xizang Television launched partial color broadcasting in October 1979, and Xinjiang Television in December 1979, but they may use black-and-white devices to broadcast recorded programmes from CCTV before 1984, and there are some black-and-white transmitters in used.[21]
- ^ one of standards developed by Tianjin team, bases on PAL, swaps U component's phase and V component's phase with each other by each line.[27]
- ^ one of standards developed by Chengdu team.[23]
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