Virgin Trains

File:Virgin trains logo (updated).png
Overview
Franchise(s)	InterCity West Coast 9 March 1997 – 31 March 2012 Cross-Country 5 January 1997 – 10 November 2007 (originally 2012)
Main route(s)	London - Scotland, London - West Midlands, London - North West
Other route(s)	London-North Wales, West Midlands - Scotland
Fleet size	53 Pendolino sets 21 Super Voyager sets 16 British Rail Class 57/3 diesel locomotives
Stations called at	42
Stations operated	17
Parent company	Virgin Group / Stagecoach Group
Reporting mark	VT
Other
Website	www.virgintrains.co.uk

Virgin Trains is a train operating company in the United Kingdom, which currently provides services from London Euston to the North West, West Midlands and Scotland on the West Coast Main Line. Prior to 11 November 2007, the company also provided services linking the south and south-west of England with the north of England via Manchester and Scotland, via Birmingham. Although it is branded as part of the Virgin Group, their share in the company is only 51%, with the remaining 49% held by Stagecoach Group.

Virgin Trains was formed to take advantage of the privatisation of British Rail in the mid 1990s, and was initially successful in winning two: InterCity West Coast and InterCity Cross Country. The two franchises, although separate companies (in common ownership) both legally and operationally, were marketed as a single brand.

Current routes

Code		Route	Rolling stock
A		London to the West Midlands	Pendolinos
B		London to Manchester via Stoke-on-Trent or Crewe	Pendolinos
C		London to Liverpool	Pendolinos
D		London to Chester and North Wales	Super Voyagers
E		London to the North West of England and Scotland	Pendolino
F		West Midlands to Scotland	Super Voyagers

Services

Virgin Trains run nine trains per hour in and out of London’s Euston station. This is noticeably busier than both National Express East Coast in and out of Kings Cross (four trains per hour), and East Midlands Trains, (five per hour) in and out of St Pancras.

Virgin West Coast Pendolino and Virgin Cross Country Voyager at Glasgow Central station in 2006.

This timetable was introduced on 14 December 2008 as a result of the WCML route modernisation works. The Monday - Friday timetable's general service pattern is shown below. Other calls/timings occur, mainly during peak times. There are also "non/limited stop" trains running to justify the claimed fastest journey times (on adverts for example). Most trains are run by Pendolinos with exceptions shown below:

A Virgin Voyager train, seen near Edinburgh.

Euston-West Midlands 3 trains per hour - an XX:03 calling at Rugby, Coventry, Birmingham International and Birmingham New Street - an XX:23 calling at Watford Junction, Coventry, Birmingham International, Birmingham New Street, Sandwell & Dudley and Wolverhampton and an XX:43 calling at Milton Keynes Central, Coventry, Birmingham International and Birmingham New Street. A handful of Birmingham terminators are operated by Super Voyagers (used for the few West Midlands-North Wales trains).

Euston-Manchester 3 trains per hour - an XX:00 calling at Stoke-on-Trent, Macclesfield, Stockport and Manchester Piccadilly - an XX:20 calling at Milton Keynes, Stoke, Stockport and Manchester Piccadilly and an XX:40 calling at Crewe, Wilmslow, Stockport and Manchester Piccadilly, with the exception of the 8 o'clock hour Monday to Friday, when initialy after the 0755 the next direct service from Manchester Piccadilly to London Euston will be 0855 leaving an hour gap. The 3 trains an hour plan had a knock-on effect on local services in the Manchester area, with a reduction in the number of peak-period local trains, a matter which caused some controversy.

Euston-Liverpool 1 train per hour - XX:07 calling at Stafford, Runcorn and Liverpool Lime Street. Some services call additionally at Crewe. Average travel time for the whole journey was reduced from 2 hours 30 minutes to less than 2 hours 15 minutes.

Euston-Preston/Glasgow 1 train per hour - XX:30 calling at Warrington Bank Quay, Wigan North Western, Preston and Lancaster with most continuing to Oxenholme Lake District/Penrith(alternating), Carlisle and Glasgow Central. Some also call at Motherwell. A handful of Lancaster terminators are operated by Super Voyagers (the other half of a single unit split at Crewe, with the other half running towards Chester).

Birmingham-Scotland 1 train per hour XX:20 from Birmingham New Street running alternately to Glasgow or Edinburgh. This service is provided with Super Voyagers only (in single formation), despite the fully electrified line.

Euston/West Midlands-Chester/North Wales 1 train per hour XX:10 calling at Milton Keynes, Crewe and Chester with 7 trains continuing to Flint, Prestatyn, Rhyl, Colwyn Bay, Llandudno Junction, Bangor (2 terminating here) and Holyhead, and another terminating at Wrexham General. One service goes to and from Birmingham New Street. This service is provided with Super Voyagers only (they are in double formation until Crewe or Chester and single formation after that, with one unit terminating at Chester or going to Lancaster, and the other continuing to North Wales/Chester).

Sources for the new Virgin timetable:

• Department for Transport
• Virgin Trains

Cross Country

Main article: Virgin CrossCountry

Prior to 11 November 2007, Virgin Trains ran the CrossCountry franchise, which operated long-distance services from the south and south-west of England, via the Midlands to the north of England and Scotland. These services have now been transferred to a new franchise, CrossCountry, which was awarded to the Arriva Group, along with some former Central Trains services. However, the former Virgin Cross Country services between Manchester and Scotland were transferred to First TransPennine Express & CrossCountry services between Birmingham and Glasgow have been transferred to Virgin West Coast.

Performance

Virgin Trains has had a poor reputation for punctuality compared with some other transport operators. The company has now improved its punctuality and the figures published on Virgin Trains' website are consistent with this view.

The PPM MAA (Public Performance Measure Moving Annual Average - % of trains arriving within 10 minutes of the scheduled times) figures for Virgin Trains (Cross Country services and West Coast services) are as follows:

The financial year 2001-2 up to 31 March 2002: West Coast 68.7%, Cross Country 62.5% .

The financial year 2002-3 up to 31 March 2003: West Coast 73.5%, Cross Country 61.7% .

The financial year 2003-4 up to 31 March 2004: West Coast 74.8%, Cross Country 72.2% .

The financial year 2004-5 up to 31 March 2005: West Coast 72.1%, Cross Country 77.8% .

The financial year 2005-6 up to 31 March 2006: West Coast 83.5%, Cross Country 80.9% .

The financial year 2006-7 up to 31 March 2007: West Coast 86.0%, Cross Country 83.9% .

The financial year 2007-8 up to 31 March 2008: West Coast 86.2%, Cross Country N/A .

The final figures published for the CrossCountry franchise were 83.4% (PPM) for the first half of the third quarter of the financial year of 2007/8 and 85.3% (MAA) for the final 12 months of the franchise.

The latest figures published for the West Coast franchise were 82.0% (PPM) for the first quarter of 2008/9 and 84.7% (MAA) up to 30 June 2008.

Class 87 electric locomotive and Mark 3 coaches.

Problems with punctuality had been widely attributed by Virgin to the ageing and outdated infrastructure on which it ran.

The introduction of the Pendolino stock on the West Coast Main Line and more modern diesel-electric trains on the Cross Country route helped to improve reliability and punctuality.

The past

Virgin Trains 82114 Driving Van Trailer Platform 1 Glasgow Central Station, Scotland July 2000.

A Class 220 Voyager at Bristol.

On privatisation, Virgin West Coast inherited a mixture of Mark 2 and Mark 3 coaches, with electric locomotives of Classes 86, 87 and 90. Virgin Cross-Country also inherited several Class 43 High Speed Trains, and Mark 2 coaches which were hauled by Class 47 diesel locomotives and Class 86 locomotives on electrified routes.

A drive was made to improve reliability and punctuality after much press criticism in 2001, and by 2006, due to improved reliability of trains and completion of major infrastructure projects, performance was better. Virgin have undertaken a number of project to increase punctuality, including radio controlled watches

New trains, tracks and timetable

Virgin, in 1997 placed the largest rolling stock order (£1bn) in British history with new Class 390 Pendolino tilting trains for the West Coast Main Line network. These state-of-the-art units are based on technology developed by state corporation British Rail for their prototype APT tilting train of the early 1980s; the technology was subsequently licensed to the Italian manufacturers. The Pendolino trains have a nominal top speed of 140 mph (230 km/h), but are limited to 125 mph (200 km/h) on the West Coast Main Line; there have been proposals for 135 mph (217 km/h) running on certain sections of the West Coast Main Line, namely the remodelled Trent Valley area but these are yet to be considered by Network Rail. The cross-country routes were served by new diesel-electric four-carriage Class 220 Voyager and five-carriage Class 221 SuperVoyager trains. The SuperVoyager trains have tilting ability like the Pendolino and were used for services operating on the West Coast Main Line, and the Cherwell Valley line.

By December 2004 Virgin Trains had replaced all of the rolling stock inherited from British Rail. Although the new trains offer many features not available on the older stock they also operate at higher densities, with some seats having reduced leg-room and fewer seats overall, meaning passengers often having to stand, sometimes for hundreds of miles. The cramped conditions are attributable to the inward leaning walls of the carriages that facilitate tilting. The trains were intended to work at much higher frequencies than under British Rail, and so each train has fewer seats than the ones it replaced. However the extremities of the network did not get a higher frequency, and key trains remain busy.

The West Coast Main Line itself has been the subject of a massive £10bn refurbishment programme to accept the new trains, one that has been the subject of massive controversy, since it is now running three years late, has cost twice the original estimate, and has been cut back so that the Pendolinos' 140mph potential speed is not fully used, with trains running at a maximum 125mph due to signalling constraints. (see West Coast Main Line page for full details).

In May 2003, Virgin Trains introduced some new set-down only or pick-up only stops into its passenger timetable. The intention of the restricted stops is to stop short-distance passengers from overcrowding the long-distance trains.

Additionally, some destinations, including Blackpool, Poole, Portsmouth, London Paddington and Swansea, were removed from the Virgin Trains network altogether, and some services pass through important junction stations, such as Didcot Parkway without stopping. As well as this, Milton Keynes Central is now sparsely served by peak time West Coast services in order to deter commuters from using Virgin's services as an additional link to Euston.

Grayrigg derailment

Main article: Grayrigg derailment

On the evening of 23 February 2007, a Virgin Trains service from London Euston to Glasgow Central derailed near Oxenholme in North West England. The train was the 17:15 service, headcode 1S83, from Euston and was a Class 390 Pendolino. The train was carrying about 180 people. Several carriages were left lying on the railway embankments. An 84-year-old woman, named as Margaret Masson, from Glasgow, died in the crash. Five seriously injured people were hospitalised suffering from back, neck and head injuries. One of those who was in a serious condition was the train driver, Iain Black, who was hailed as a hero by Virgin boss Richard Branson. The accident was caused by a faulty set of points.

The future

Projected growth in passenger numbers on the West Coast routes has prompted discussions about increasing the length of Pendolino sets to 11 vehicles. The likelihood of 10 car formations was foreseen in the original WCML strategy, so minimal infrastructure improvements would be required. The DFT is now going to order two extra coaches for 31 of the 52 sets to start with. This will be completed by 2012 just before the franchise change in March 2012.

Following the completion of the Trent Valley Line quadrupling and Rugby junction upgrades to allow 125 mph running (completed by 2008), West Coast journey times are expected to fall further; Glasgow-Euston 4hr 15mins, Euston-Birmingham 1hr 10 mins (fastest) or 1hr 20mins (off-peak). Virgin claim that 135 mph running may be possible in places, although Network Rail remain sceptical - stating that significant signalling upgrades would be required.

After much planning, an open-access operator, Wrexham & Shropshire submitted a plan to operate services between London and North Wales. This involves utilising a stretch of the WCML. Virgin Trains unsuccessfully objected to this proposal, which sees Wrexham & Shropshire having trains call at Wolverhampton. Due to the moderation of competition protection that is part of Virgin's West Coast franchise agreement, Wrexham & Shropshire had to submit a modified proposal that will involve only limited use of Wolverhampton, with Tame Bridge Parkway railway station used as its main Midlands stop. Wrexham & Shropshire began their operations on 28 April 2008. In February 2008, Virgin announced that they would also begin services between London and Wrexham via Chester. Initially on a trial basis with one train per day on weekdays in each direction, should the service prove successful Virgin plan to introduce more services during the week and at weekends.

Rolling Stock

Current fleet

The majority of Virgin's services along the WCML are operated by its fleet of 53 nine-car Class 390 Pendolino EMUs. 16 Class 57 diesel locomotives were operated by Virgin, although 2 of these are now operated by Arriva Trains Wales, leaving Virgin Trains with 14. These locomotives are primarily used for "Thunderbird" duties. Virgin also operates 21 five-car Class 221 Super Voyager DMUs; these primarily operate on the WCML north of Birmingham, and on the North Wales line.

Class	Image	Type	Top speed		Number	Routes operated	Built
			mph	km/h
Class 57/3	File:57307 Lady Penelope dragging 87019 through Water Orton.jpg	Diesel locomotive	95	120	14	North Wales Coast Line Thunderbird Locomotive	2002 - 2004
Class 221 Super Voyager		Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit	125	200	21	West Coast Main Line North Wales Coast Line	2001 - 2002
Class 390 Pendolino		Electric Multiple Unit	125	200	53	West Coast Main Line	2001 - 2004

The Pendolino fleet is allocated to the Alstom Traincare Centre at Longsight , with lighter maintenance and overnight stabling also carried out at Wembley (London), Oxley (Wolverhampton), Edge Hill (Liverpool) and Polmadie (Glasgow). Longsight is also 'home' to the Class 57 'Thunderbird' fleet. Thunderbird locomotives are stationed at strategic points along the WCML such as Rugby, Stafford and Preston.

The Class 221 Super Voyager fleet is allocated to Central Rivers depot near Burton on Trent, Staffordshire.

Future fleet

Virgin have ordered 106 extra Class 390 coaches - these will be in two batches, with 62 vehicles intended to lengthen 31 nine-car units to eleven-cars, and the remainder to produce four new eleven-car trains. Virgin also has an option to purchase an additional 42 vehicles to lengthen the remainder of its nine-car sets.

See also

• Megatrain
• National Rail

External links

• Virgin Trains web site
• Virgin Trains Pendolino Seat Plans from V-Flyer, customer created site.
• Virgin Trains Voyager Seat Plans from V-Flyer, customer created site.
• BBC News on Cross Country loss