Botolan language
| Botolan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken in |  Philippines |
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| Region | Zambales, Olongapo, Metro Manila | |||
| Native speakers | 32,867[1] (date missing) | |||
| Language family | ||||
| Official status | ||||
| Regulated by | Commission on the Filipino Language | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-3 | xsb | |||
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Botolan is a Sambalic language spoken by 32,867 (SIL 2000) Sambal, primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Botolan and Cabangan in the Philippines.
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[edit] Phonology
Botolan has 20 phonemes: 16 consonants and four vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.
[edit] Vowels
Botolan has four vowels. They are:
- /a/ an open front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘father’
- /e/ an close-mid front unrounded vowel similar to German ‘Elefant’
- /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘machine’
- /u/ (written as ‘o’) a close back unrounded vowel similar to English ‘flute’
There are five main diphthongs: /aɪ/, /uɪ/, /aʊ/, /ij/, and /iʊ/.
[edit] Consonants
Below is a chart of Botolan consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
| Stops | Voiceless | p | t | k | - [ʔ] | |
| Voiced | b | d | g | |||
| Affricates | Voiceless | (ts, ty) [tʃ] | ||||
| Voiced | (dy) [dʒ] | |||||
| Fricatives | s | (sy) [ʃ] | h | |||
| Nasals | m | n | (ny) [ɲ] | ng [ŋ] | ||
| Laterals | l | (ly) [lj] | ||||
| Flaps | r | |||||
| Semivowels | w | j | ||||
Note: Consonants /d/ and /ɾ/ can sometimes interchange as they were once allophones.
[edit] Stress
Stress is phonemic in Botolan. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. hikó (I) and híko (elbow).
[edit] Historical sound changes
Many words pronounced with /s/ and /ɡ/ in Filipino have /h/ and /j/, respectively, in their cognates in Botolan. Compare hiko and bayo with the Filipino siko and bago.
[edit] Sample texts
[edit] The Lord’s Prayer
[edit] Version from Matthew
Tatay nawen ya anti ha katatag-ayan,
Hay ngalan mo ay igalang dayi nin kaganawan.
Andawaten nawen ya tampol kayna dayin mag-arí.
Mangyari dayi ya kalabayan mo bayri ha babon lotá
Bilang ombayro ha katatag-ayan.
Hapa-eg ay biyan mo kayin pamamangan ya
angka-ilanganen nawen.
Patawaren mo kayi ha kawkasalanan
nawen bilang pamatawad nawen ha
nakapagkasalanan konnawen.
Agmo kayi biyan ma-irap ya pagsobok boy
ipakarayó mo kayi koni Satanas.[2]
[edit] Philippine national proverb
Below is a translation in Botolan of the Philippine national proverb[3] “He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,” followed by the original in Filipino.
- Botolan: “Hay ahe tanda nin nanlek ha pinangibatan, ay ahe makalateng ha lalakwen.”
- Filipino: “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.”
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Grammar sketch of Botolan
- Sample recordings from the GRN Network, in Botolan
- Hay Halita nin Diyos, Bible verses in Botolan
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