Madonna (nickname)
Since the 1980s, many individuals, mostly female singers have received a nickname associated with the name of the American singer-songwriter Madonna. Simultaneously, several artists have been identified with the same nickname, and many others have received more than one. Likewise, many individuals were once reported by media as a "national equivalent to Madonna" or "national answer to Madonna".
The moniker became an articulate theme to the point media outlets like Billboard devoted articles discussing what it means to be a Madonna and others discussing why there exist many artists with the label. Music critic Steven Hyden also explains she was often regarded as an archetype in female terms. In this vein, reviewers frequently made comparisons addressing similar styles (fashion sense or sound), controversies, "bold risks", success, popularity and record sales or all sort of things attributed to the original Madonna.
The label became visible in the profile of various performers, to which some of them have responded with mixed comments towards the moniker and comparisons with Madonna. Others declared themselves as such or wanted to be a Madonna and media followed suit. More than one performer in the late 20th century, were planned or slightly promoted as a Madonna in their debut by their record labels. In the early 21st century, music journalism and authors set a race to find "Madonna's successor", calling in the journey to various as the "next" or "new Madonna". Madonna herself, labeled Kanye West either as the "new" or "Black Madonna" in 2015. Remainings about this phenomenon are found in diverse musical pieces, from song or its titles or, a mention in Eminem's "Fubba U cubba cubba".
Context
Critical interest and media attention
You've probably noticed that around the year 2000 the music press began the hunt for the Next Madonna. The original has had a solid thirty-year run as arguably the most successful female pop star in the world, but now the world seems ready for a newer model...
What does it mean to call someone the Next Madonna? How will we recognize the Next Madonna when we see her? And what is the old Madonna to do when we force her to retire?
—Courtney E. Smith in Record Collecting For Girls (2011) discussing the press coverage on this[4]
The nickname appeared as soon Madonna gained international recognition, commonly dated in 1985. Perhaps one of the first artists was Marie Osmond, who Los Angeles Times named her the "Mormon Madonna" at that year.[5] Many of the Madonna-associated nicknames in the career of several individuals derived from comparison. Taking Britney Spears as example, Canadian philosopher Paul Thagard explained that "when people say that [Spears] is the new Madonna, they do not literally mean that [she] is Madonna. Rather, they are pointing out some systematic similarities between the two".[6] However, Dorian Lynskey from The Guardian held in 2006, that "most female pop stars try to emulate Madonna at some point".[7]
While commenting the comparison Lady Gaga has faced with Madonna, in 2011 the staff of Rolling Stone, stated Madonna "it's a hard shadow to escape".[8] Indeed, French academic Georges-Claude Guilbert wrote in Madonna as Postmodern Myth (2002), "the press never stops comparing female singers to Madonna".[9] While she was not tagged as a Madonna, it was reported Mariah Carey was marketed by Columbia as their main female artist on their roster, thus competing with Madonna of Sire Records (and also Whitney Houston).[10] In the 2010s, Dutch academics from University of Amsterdam even commented, female artists "are very often measured against the yardstick that Madonna has become".[11]
Reviewing this trend and its diversity, in 2021 biographers Isa Muguruza and Los Prieto Flores explained that every so often "there is a Mexican, a Latina Madonna and even a Black Madonna" because "she transcended her own figure", and she became in "almost a powerful adjective that translates into a way of doing things".[12] American music critic Steven Hyden opined that "Madonna is regarded as an archetype for pop singers, an example to follow to immortality. If you can change it up like Madonna, maybe you can be Madonna. But you can't be Madonna. She's a freak-of-nature anomaly".[13] In 2014, Orlando Sentinel music critic Jim Abbott describe New Madonna as "a necessary pop-culture occupation if ever there was one... [whose] job descriptions are constantly changing."[14] Meanwhile, Reyhan Harmanci from San Francisco Chronicle described this trend:
For decades now, the media have been on a quest to anoint "the next Madonna." A quick Google search unearths more than 79,000 hits for that phrase -- everyone from Rosie Perez to Rihanna has been mentioned. Madonna herself has participated in the search from time to time, while still making albums, releasing videos, bedding young models, scaring the world with the tightest quads in the music business -- in general, still being Madonna... Who knew that mental stability was in the job description to replace Madonna?[15]
Aspects
Beyond comparisons, some media outlets described the reason of calling a performer as a Madonna. In 2017, while reviewing Rihanna as the "Black Madonna", Billboard devoted its article explaining what it means be a Madonna. They explained a Madonna has "to assume the role of a commander standing at the frontlines for womanhood", as well "the controversial complexities of human sexuality, despite the inevitable backlash to ensue" to further add a Madonna has "to be a trend-setter" and a muse for producers, songwriters, fashion designers or directors alike and match both her record sales or achievements.[1]
In his explanation while mentioned Gaga, Reyhan Harmanci from San Francisco Chronicle saw her as the closer example "than any past wannabes, to further adds aspects such as "iconic style" and "staying power".[15] About this latter singer, according to author Tim Delaney (2015), "most popular culture analysts view Lady Gaga as the new Madonna"[15] Others similar claims included "popularity". Is the case of Aidin Vaziri of the same publication regarding the Iranian singer Googoosh,[16] or authors of Encyclopedia of African Peoples and Billboard with Oumou Sangaré ("Madonna of Mali").[17] Madonna-like impact was also a source for other outlets to call a Madonna other non-pop musicians. This was the case of Cecilia Bartoli and her impact in the classical music stage.[18] Bartoli herself, called Malibran as the "Madonna of her age".[18]
While there exists many other reasons, other group called Madonna to artists like Anita Mui with descriptions such as reinvention of image, behavior and boldness. Thus Richard Corliss from Time attributed to Mui, the nickname because "her boldness was not just a sensation but an affront" in the world of Hong Kong popular music.[19]
Sourcing and scope
The label was used not only by music-related outlets, but appeared in outlets of generalized interest from mass media which includes news organizations, news agencies, newspaper of records or public broadcasting to references works (encyclopedias) among many others. It featured in diverse forms, including headlines. Figures like Mylène Farmer have even their Madonna-associated nickname in their biography profile by their record label (Universal Music France).[21] Media often described it as a "nickname", "moniker" or "title" using descriptions such as "dubbed", "named", "widely", "sometimes", "frequently", "known", "hailed" or "branded" by "many" or "by some". Such illustrative examples of previous claims include film director Deeyah Khan to singers Anitta, Brenda Fassie, Mylène Farmer, Pandora and Anita Mui from an array sources such as The Independent, The Guardian, BBC News, News24, Billboard and O Globo among many others.[22][23][24][25][21][26][27][28] Korean Broadcasting System commented with Uhm Jung-hwa, that she is "often praised" as "the Korean Madonna".[29]
Some nicknames, however, were applied in a determined region, or from an international perspective instead of their own country or vice versa. In Russia Beyond, Vasily Shumov wrote the examples of Russian female pop singers, explaining they don't have an "equivalent" Russian female musician with famous West music figures such as Madonna.[30] Conversely, many Russian female singers were called a Madonna by overseas press, from Alla Pugacheva to Anna Netrebko and Irene Nelson among many others.[31][32][33] In 2004, two articles from Czech newspaper Mladá fronta DNES similarly discussed they still missing to have a national-equivalent Madonna (Česká Madonna). Names proposed ranged from Anna K, Dara Rolins to Helena Vondráčková, Petra Janů and Bára Basiková among others. With Vondráčková it was said that "would not be out of the question in the future";[34][35] in Basiková's case, Czech website Musicserver discussed her possibility.[36] In Latvia, journalist and founder of Mikrofona ieraksti, Elita Mīlgrāve told Baltic News Network, that they don't have a "Latvian Madonna" but they might have one day.[37]
Cases like Natalia Oreiro were associated with a Madonna-moniker but applied to the region where she was popular despite her cultural roots. She was called such as "Eastern European Madonna", "Argentine Madonna" or a "Russian Madonna" due her success in the latter country.[38] Similarly, American-born singers like Selena and Lisa Lisa, were called "Mexican Madonna" or "Hispanic Madonna".[39][40] In Selena's case, according to authors of Afterlife as Afterimage: Understanding Posthumous Fame (2005) it was "presumably to provide a vivid referent to non-Latinos".[39]
Many individuals declared themselves as to be a Madonna or wanted to be one, while media outlets followed suit in many of them. Courtney E. Smith includes Miley Cyrus, Rihanna, and Avril Lavigne as examples.[4] Others such as Pixie Lott, Christina Aguilera and Wendy Sulca have also declared wanted to be a Madonna at some stage of their career.[41][42][43] Sulca reminded that many artists want to be a Madonna.[43] Another example is Jamaican singer Tifa, who declared wanted to be the "Jamaican Madonna".[44][45] In 2007, Soraya Arnelas declared not be ready to be a Madonna but almost a decade later, in 2016, she described herself as the "Spanish Madonna".[46][47] American rapper Lil' Kim also called herself the "Black Madonna".[48] In 2018, Azealia Banks explained in Twitter why she feels like "the Black Madonna":
I'm really the Black Madonna [...] Y'all thought Gaga was the new supreme after Madonna but it's really me. You will learn very soon.[49]
Others were called by an individual as a Madonna but perhaps were not followed by other media reports. In 2019, for example designer Marko Monroe deemed Lizzo as the "Madonna of her generation",[50] while Farina also considered Tokischa as the Madonna-equivalent to the urban music of her generation.[51][52] Robert Christgau called Sinéad O'Connor a "folkie Madonna",[53] while Whitney Houston was called the "Black Madonna" in 1988 by Santiago Alcanda.[54] Mónica Naranjo was a similar example, as her hairdresser wanted to present her as the "Spanish Madonna".[55] Before fame, others called themselves as such. Toni Braxton, recalls: "In high school, I was trying to be the Black Madonna".[56]
Impact
Terri Rupar from Washington Post asked: does every country have a Madonna?.[16] Writer Rodrigo Fresán commented that "we think of the Madonnas to come as we think of science" which is increasingly less fiction.[57]
On artists' careers
A group of performers even gained related local or international recognition in their time for being labeled a Madonna. According to media reports or some artists themselves, various artists were planned by their managers or record labels to be marketed as a Madonna. Is the case attributed to Martika by CBS Records, Byanka from Mexico or La India by Reprise; La India commented that this inspired her to choose her stage name because she avoided that label.[59][58] Ana Curra also said that her label Hispavox planned to promote her as the "Spanish Madonna".[60] Other artists slightly "promoted" as Madonnas, were Natasha Alexandrovna called the "Russian Madonna",[61] and according to Ioannis Polychronakis from Linköping University, Anna Vissi was "loudly promoted as the 'Greek Madonna'".[62] In other reports, some artists like Lisa Lisa were "billed" as a Madonna.[40] British opera singer Lesley Garrett was promoted by her record company with a "Madonna of the opera stage image"; various outlets like Time magazine compared her with Madonna, and others dubbed her the "Madonna of the opera world". On the report of Opera magazine, she once confessed that she planned to "emulate Madonna Ciccone".[63]
In a 1993 interview with Los Angeles Times, Gloria Trevi said: "Many artists in Mexico fight to be the Latina Madonna".[27] Back in 1986, Singaporean newspaper The Straits Times discussed how a number of artists in Asia were compared to Madonna, receiving a Madonna-moniker, but also explored how it helped boost their popularity. They described:
THE Madonna fever has spread to the East and we see young female singers emerging in the likes of the superstar. Whether they do it intentionally or not, the Madonna image has certainly helped them attract attention from fans and the media.... The other "Madonna" [...] Anna Ueyama [...] does not mind being named after a superstar as it helps boost her popularity, too.[64]
According to Mirna Abdulaal of Egyptian Streets, in the case of Egyptian singer Simone Philip Kamel "countless producers wanted to put their hands" in Kamel, noted her as a "Madonna" lookalike, and for which "Madonna Masr" later came to be one of her nicknames in the country.[65] According to Time magazine, South African artist Brenda Fassie nicknamed a Madonna, one local paper even reprinted (verbatim) an interview with Madonna, replacing her name with Fassie's.[24] On the other hand, scholars Gregory Booth and Bradley Shope, noticed that Alisha Chinai "gained notoriety as the 'Indian Madonna'", while ethnomusicologist Bruno Nettl opined that she earned a reputation by catering to the South Asian interest in Madonna, "recasting both the image and the music of the global star in South Asian cultural terms and in the Hindi language".[66]
Reactions
In 2015, Madonna herself called Kanye West either the "new" or "Black Madonna".[67] As a visible label to many, various of these performers have commented the comparison and nickname with mixed responses. In her case, Lady Gaga recalls: "I always used to say to people, when they would say, 'Oh, she's the next Madonna.' No, I'm the next Iron Maiden".[15] Insooni also denied her Madonna-nickname saying: "I'm Korea's Insooni, and always will be".[68] Others similarly refuted the tag, or comparison, including Argentine singer Patricia Sosa,[69] English singer Sarah Brightman,[70] American singer Hilary Duff,[71][72] and Australian musician Kylie Minogue.[73]
In positive reactions, Jolin Tsai whose has been called a Madonna, responded to El País the comparison saying that "Madonna is a goal", and is a reflection of a woman who does what she sets out to do.[74] In a conversation with German magazine Focus, Serbian singer Jelena Karleuša accepted the nickname associated with Madonna.[75] American rapper Lil' Kim also did it.[76] Brazilian artist Anitta deemed it as a "honor",[23] and similar feelings was shared by Mexican singer Paulina Rubio saying she was "proud" since are her fans "who decide it".[77] BBC News let Ayi Jihu known of her nickname "China's Madonna" calling it as an "accolade" and with Jihu responding "I'm very honoured".[78]
Other artists declared to be "tired" of being compared and receiving a moniker related to her, such as Latina singers Gloria Trevi or Gloria Estefan.[27] The latter confessed in 1989: "I'm getting bored being compared to Madonna".[79] Marta Sánchez was a similar case, as Sánchez reported that even when she lived in New York, people called her "Madonna" all the time. While she found "flattering" being compared to her, also commented it was exhausted saying "I don't want to be a Madonna".[80]
Other artists felt flattered by the comparison, admiring Madonna but not liking the moniker. Albanian singer Bleona which publicly discussed this association is part of this group.[81] Italian singer, Ivana Spagna said: "I never wanted to be another Madonna, even though some people compared me to her. Madonna is Madonna, and nobody else could be like that".[82] German singer Nena was neutral towards the comparison.[83]
Criticisms
Sergio del Amo, editor of El País, observed the year 2017 (and surrounding years) as the political correctness era in the pop stardom, with several female singers releasing records and presented a softer image such as Miley Cyrus (Younger Now), Lady Gaga (Joanne) and Kesha (Rainbow); as Madonna did with Something to Remember and other records. This led the author to conclude that "nobody wants to be Madonna anymore" as the price to pay of a sexual image is "much higher" than it think.[84] Writing for the Washington Post, Richard Harrington called it a "dreadful nickname" when referring PJ Harvey's moniker of "the indie Madonna".[85] After being called a Madonna, Christina Rosenvinge criticized "female music has become a slutty contest".[86]
Some journalists seemed a "meaningless analogy" comparison with Madonna. Is the case of British journalist Nigel Williamson with Oumou Sangare.[17] As "Madonna" was a common nickname in the case of American singer Selena, music executive José Behar questioned that she would not be "comfortable" with that; and the only thing she had in common with Madonna was the bustiers.[87] According to Guilbert, Celine Dion was often hailed as the "anti–Madonna".[9] Dion, particularly popular in the French-language countries, was called as such by outlets like Le Monde.[88]
Cultural references
Artists such as Venus D-Lite, Sarit Hadad or Hi Fashion have released songs with the title "I'm Not Madonna". Indian rapper Baba Sehgal titled an album Main Bhi Madonna (I Am Also Madonna), while Eminem included a verse in "Fubba U cubba cubba". Alisha Chinai named her 1992 album as Madonna of India.[3] Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary (2016), included a sentence referring to a singer as "billed as the next Madonna".[89]
Outside music industry
This label transcended both the music and entertainment industries. Politicians such as Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were discussed as to be a Madonna with the same analogy of doing things or a Madonna-like impact in their areas.[90][91] Eva Perón was called the political Madonna of Argentina in a 1997 article of The Baltimore Sun.[92] U.S. News & World Report called Dennis Rodman, "a black and male version of Madonna".[93] Argentines plastic artists Sergio De Loof or Marta Minujín were nicknamed or declared themselves to be a Madonna.[94][95] Len Blavatnik, was called "Madonna of billionaires".[96] In a 1999 article, Slate magazine, listed as the "Madonnas" of the age of stock market, and celebration of the entrepreneur to individuals from Bill Gates to Steve Ballmer.[97] Shiva Rea, nicknamed "the Madonna of yoga", dismissed the tag.[98]
Selected list
Many of artists received the nickname in their country or region alone, or by contrast, from an international view. Others were called a Madonna by some point of their career, while others during their entire public life. Several artists received more than one nickname related-to-Madonna; those artists with more than one nickname are highlighted in bold.
The label have appeared in cultural institutions, scholarly references, encyclopedias, newspaper of records and others outlets. Most individuals listed here have more than one reference, and with other languages aside English. Male are distinguished with the gender symbol (♂).
By region
Title[a] | Individual(s) | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|
"Asian Madonna" "Madonna of Asia" |
[99] [19] [100] [101] [74] [102] [103] | |
"Central Asian Madonna" "Madonna of Central Asia" |
|
[104] [105] |
"African Madonna" "Madonna of Africa" |
[24] [17] | |
"the Madonna of West Africa" | [106] | |
"the Madonna of Middle East" "Madonna of East" |
|
[19] [25] [107] [108] [109] |
"European Madonna" "Madonna of Europe" |
[110] | |
"Balkan Madonna" "Madonna of Balkans" |
[111] [112] [75] [113] | |
"Soviet Madonna" |
|
[31] [114] [115] |
"Yugoslavian Madonna" "Madonna of Yugoslavia" |
[105] | |
"Comecon Madonna" "Madonna of the Comecon" |
[116] | |
"South American Madonna" (la Madonna de América del Sur) |
[117] |
By nationality
Title[a] | Individual(s) | Country | Language original-title | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|---|---|
"Albanian Madonna" "Madonna of Albania" |
Albania | Unknown | [81] | |
"Australian Madonna" "Madonna of Australia" |
Australia | — | [73] | |
"Armenian Madonna" "Madonna of Armenia" |
|
Armenia | Unknown | [20] |
Local version of Madonna (Benin) |
|
Benin | Unknown | [106] |
"Brazilian Madonna" "Madonna of Brazil" |
Brazil | Madonna brasileira | [23] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [117] | |
Local version of Madonna (Bulgaria) |
|
Bulgaria | Unknown | [111] |
"Canadian Madonna" "Madonna of Canada" "Quebec's Madonna" |
Canada | — | [123] | |
"Chilean Madonna" "Madonna of Chile" |
Chile | Madonna de Chile la Madonna chilena |
[124] | |
"Colombian Madonna" "Madonna of Colombia" |
Colombia | Madonna de Colombia la Madonna colombiana |
[125] | |
"Cuban Madonna" "Madonna of Cuba" |
Cuba | Madonna cubana la Madonna de Cuba |
[126] | |
"Madonna of Croatia" "Croatian Madonna" |
|
Croatia | Unknown | [127] [128] |
"Chinese Madonna" "Madonna of China" |
China | Unknown | [99] [19] [78] [74] [103] [129] | |
"Madonna Mars" Madonna of Egypt |
Egypt | Unknown | [65] | |
"French Madonna" "Madonna of France" |
France | Madonna française | [21] [130] | |
"German Madonna" "Madonna of Germany" |
|
Germany | Deutsche Madonna | [131] [110] |
"Greek Madonna" "Madonna of Greece" |
Greece | Unknown | [62] [132] | |
"Madonna's Hong Kong" "Madonna of Hong Kong" |
|
Hong Kong | Unknown | [133] [19] |
"Indian Madonna" "Madonna of India" |
India | Unknown | [66] [134] | |
"Iranian Madonna" "Madonna of Iran" |
|
Iran | Unknown | [16] |
"Israeli Madonna" "Madonna of Israel" |
|
Israel | Unknown | [25] [26] [135] |
"Jamaican Madonna" "Madonna of Jamaica" |
|
Jamaica | — | [136] |
"Japanese Madonna" "Madonna of Japan" |
|
Japan | Unknown | [137] [138] [139] [102] [140] |
"Lebanese Madonna" "Madonna of Lebanon" |
Lebanon | مادونا اللبنانية | [141] | |
"Mexican Madonna" "Madonna of Mexico" |
Mexico United States |
Madonna de Mexico la Madonna mexicana |
[142] [27] [143] [77] [39] [144] [145] | |
"Mali's Madonna" "Madonna of Mali" |
|
Mali | Unknown | [17] |
"Madonna of Norway" | Norway | Norges Madonna | [146] | |
"Pakistani Madonna" "Madonna of Pakistan" |
Pakistan | Unknown | [147] | |
"Romanian Madonna" "Madonna of Romania" |
Romania | Madonna României Madonna de România |
[148] | |
"Russian Madonna" "Madonna of Russia" |
|
Russia | Pусская Мадонна | [31] [32] [33] [149] [61] [150] [151] [152] |
"Madonna of Serbia" | Serbia | Unknown | [153] | |
"Korean Madonna" "Madonna of Korea" |
South Korea | Unknown | [68] [154] [155] [29] | |
"Spanish Madonna" "Madonna of Spain" |
Spain | Madonna de España la Madonna española |
[156] [86] [157] [158] [80] | |
"South African Madonna" "Madonna of South Africa" |
|
South Africa | Unknown | [24] |
"Sudan's Madonna" "Madonna of Sudan" |
|
Sudan | Unknown | [159] |
"Madonna of Sweden" "Swedish Madonna" |
Sweden | Sveriges Madonna | [28] [160] | |
"Madonna of Taiwan" |
|
Taiwan | Unknown | [99] |
"Madonna of Thailand" "Thai's Madonna" |
|
Thailand | Unknown | [101] [161] |
"Turkish Madonna" "Madonna of Turkey" |
Turkey | Türkiye'nin Madonna Türk Madonnası Türkiye’nin Madonnası |
[162] [163] [164] [165] [166] [167] | |
"Ukrainian Madonna" "Madonna of Ukraine" |
Ukraine | Unknown | [168] | |
"Madonna of Uzbekistan" | Uzbekistan | Unknown | [105] | |
"Venezuelan Madonna" "Madonna of Venezuela" |
Venezuela | Madonna de Venezuela la Madonna venezolana |
[169] | |
"Madonna of Vietnam" "Vietnamese Madonna" |
Vietnam | Madonna của Việt | [170] | |
"Madonna of Zimbabwe" | Zimbabwe | Unknown | [171] |
By race and ethnicity
Title | Individual(s) | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|
"Arab's Madonna" | [172] | |
"Black Madonna" (or "African-American Madonna") | [173] [24] [76] [174] | |
"Latin Madonna" (Madonna latina) |
|
[79] [27] [143] [77] [39] [125] [144] [117] [145] |
"Hispanic Madonna" (Madonna hispana) |
|
[79] [40] [39] [145] |
By music genres
Artist(s) | Title(s) | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|
Amy Grant | "Madonna of gospel music" "Madonna of contemporary gospel" |
[175] |
Ayumi Hamasaki | "Madonna of J-Pop" | [137] |
Brenda Fassie | "Madonna of South African music" | [24] |
Cecilia Bartoli | "Madonna of the classical music" | [18] |
Hanan Bulu-Bulu | "Madonna of the Sudanese pop" | [159] |
Ivy Queen | "Madonna of the Reggaeton" | [176] |
Lesley Garrett | "Madonna of opera" | [63] |
Lil' Kim | "Madonna of Hip hop music" | [76] |
Marilyn Manson ♂ | "Madonna of metal music" | [177] |
Martirio | "Flamenco Madonna" | [178] |
PJ Harvey | "the indie Madonna" | [85] |
Salt-N-Pepa | "Madonnas of rap music" | [179] |
Selena | "Tejano Madonna" "Tex-Mex Madonna" |
[39] |
Tarja Turunen | "Madonna of metal music" | [180] |
Tairrie B | "Madonna of rap music" | [181] |
Vanessa-Mae | "Madonna of classical music" | [182] |
By generation
Titles | Artists | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|
"New/Next Madonna" the "future Madonna" "Modern Madonna" "Madonna of the Millennium" |
[183] [184] [42] [185] [82] [15] [186] [187] [59] | |
"Madonna of our generation" "Madonna of Generation Z" this "generation's Madonna" "Madonna of streaming era" |
|
[23] [188] [189] [190] [191] |
"Madonna of children" "Madonna of teenagers" "Teenager Madonna" |
[192] [193] | |
"Madonna before Madonna" | [194] |
By beliefs and professions
Individual | Title(s) | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|
Camille Paglia | "Madonna of academe" | [195] |
Deeyah Khan (a.k.a. Deepika Thathaal) | "Muslim Madonna" | [22] |
Hillary Clinton | "Madonna of American politics" | [91] |
Len Blavatnik ♂ | "Madonna of billionaires" | [96] |
Madhuri Dixit | "Madonna of Bollywood dance" | [196] |
Marie Osmond | "Mormon Madonna" | [5] |
Marta Minujín | "the Madonna of arts" | [95] |
Shiva Rea | "the Madonna of yoga" | [98] |
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Rarely figured as Madonna's answer to a specific nation or genre. Also as the "local version".
- ^ In 2017, during her pregnancy she was referenced as a Black Madonna, because the religious theme. However, international media outlets have called her a Madonna since the early-2000s in reference to the singer.
References
- ^ a b Smith, Da'Shan (January 6, 2017). "10 Years After 'Good Girl Gone Bad,' Rihanna Has Surpassed Her Goal of Becoming the 'Black Madonna'". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ "Cyrus: 'I Want To Be The Next Madonna'". Contactmusic.com. July 4, 2008. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
- ^ a b "Latest music releases". India Today. May 15, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
- ^ a b Smith 2011, pp. 119–120
- ^ a b Caulfield, Deborah (October 27, 1985). "Marie Osmond--The Mormon Madonna?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ Thagard 2005, p. 86
- ^ Lynskey, Dorian (June 8, 2006). "Nelly Furtado, Loose". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ "Readers Poll: The Queen of Pop". Rolling Stone. July 6, 2011. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ a b Guilbert 2015, p. 87
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 28–29
- ^ van den Berg, Marguerite; Hoeven, Claartje L ter (2013). "Madonna as a symbol of reflexive modernisation". Celebrity Studies. 4 (2). Amsterdam School of Communication Research: 144–154. doi:10.1080/19392397.2013.791042. S2CID 218591493. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
- ^ Los Prieto Flores; Muguruza, Isa (2021). Madonna. Una biografía (in Spanish). Penguin Random House. p. 125. ISBN 978-8417809829. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
- ^ Hyden, Steven (2016). "13". Everyone Must Stand Alone (Madonna vs. Cyndi Lauper and Britney Spears vs. Christina Aguilera). Hachette. ISBN 978-0-316-25914-9. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
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ignored (help) - ^ Abbott, Jim (March 20, 2014). "Miley Cyrus: Next New Madonna?". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e References for Lady Gaga (examples):
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- Delaney 2015, p. online
- ^ a b c References for Googoosh (examples):
- Denselow, Robin (January 8, 2001). "The Iranian Madonna breaks her silence". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 17, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
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- Vaziri, Aidin (April 6, 2016). "Exiled singer Googoosh remains in vogue". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- Davis 2003, p. 348
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- The Diagram Group 2013, p. 377
- ^ a b c References for Cecilia Bartoli (examples):
- Wigler, Stephen (March 20, 1994). "Cecilia Bartoli has Madonna-like impact on classical music". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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- ^ a b c d e References for Anita Mui (examples):
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- Davis 2005, p. 567
- ^ a b References for Nune Yesayan (examples):
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- Kaeter 2004, p. 57
- ^ a b c References for Mylène Farmer (examples):
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- "Fashion legend Jean-Paul Gaultier takes final bow at star-studded finale in Paris". France 24. January 23, 2020. Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
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{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; June 16, 2021 suggested (help)
- ^ a b References for Deeyah Khan (examples):
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- ^ a b c References for Ofra Haza (examples):
- Stein & Murphy 2018, p. online
- Hoppenstand 2007, p. 213
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- Paphides, Peter (December 9, 2010). "Ofra Haza: Madonna of the dark soul". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
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- Palmer, Joanne (March 29, 2013). "Meet Rita". Jewish Standard. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Schachar, Natalie (March 6, 2013). "Israeli Madonna Charms the United Nations". Tablet. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
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- Poniatowska 1990, p. 25
- ^ a b "Sweden: Pandora: "Tell The World"" (PDF). Billboard. December 16, 1995. p. 76. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
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- ^ a b Nichols, Adam (December 17, 2006). "Not atMet, it ain't over until the hot lady sings". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 24, 2022 – via PressReader.
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- Jones & Jensen 2005, p. 88
- ^ a b c "Music, Spanglish". New Statesman. 1998. p. 50. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "Pixie Lott Wants To Be The Next Madonna". Capital FM. October 1, 2013. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
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- "Madonna 52 anos" (in Portuguese). Terra Networks. 2010. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ a b "Wendy Sulca: "Muchos artistas deseamos ser algún día como Madonna"" (in Spanish). Radio Programas del Perú. August 17, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
- ^ Brooks, Sadeke (March 26, 2010). "Centerstage with Tifa". The Jamaica Star. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
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- ^ Cane, Clay (August 12, 2010). "Lil' Kim Interview". BET. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
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- ^ Christgau, Robert (May 22, 1990). "Folkie Madonna". The Village Voice. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
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- ^ Gomar, Ignacio (October 28, 2017). "Mónica Naranjo, de diva distante a jueza villana". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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- ^ Aguilar Guzmán 2010, p. 90
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- ^ a b References for Natasha Alexandrovna (examples):
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- ^ a b References for Anna Vissi (examples):
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- "Anna Vissi". Greek-American Review. No. 51–52. 1999. p. 30. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
In the last few years Anna Vissi has recast herself as the Greek answer to American superstar / media attraction Madonna
- Samson 2013, p. 613
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- Fryer 2014, p. 20
- Evans 2018, p. online
- Gage 2002, p. 26
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- ^ a b References for Alisha Chinai (examples):
- Booth & Shope 2014, p. 174
- Murray & Nadeau 2016, p. 28
- Nettl 1998, p. 429
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People think I'm the new Madonna
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- Aspinall 2008, p. online
- ^ a b c References for Jolin Tsai (examples):
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{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2020 suggested (help) - "Paulina Rubio". People. Vol. 58. 2002. p. 144. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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- Parish 2006, p. 49
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- ^ a b References for Bleona (examples):
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- ^ a b Arena 2017, pp. 196, 198
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- ^ del Amo, Sergio (October 17, 2017). "Por qué ya nadie quiere ser Madonna". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
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- Irvin 2007, p. 578
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- Martorell, Miguel (December 5, 2011). "Christina Rosenvinge, la Madonna española" (in Spanish). Europa Press. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Christina Rosenvinge:"La música femenina se ha convertido en un concurso de zorras"". El Economista (in Spanish). January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Mitchell, Rick (March 25, 2005). "En su vida, fué la reina de la música tejana. En su muerte, la cantante de 23 años se está convirtiendo en una leyenda". Houston Chronicle (in Spanish). p. 28. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Mortaigne, Veronique; Tramier, Silviane (September 26, 1996). "Céline Dion, l'anti-Madonna". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- ^ Harper Collins Publishers 2016, p. lxxiii
- ^ References for Donald Trump (examples):
- Singer, Mark (May 12, 1997). "Trump solo". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on July 18, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
- Mosher, Mike (2017). "Our Diva President Donald Madonna". EServer.org. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Hillary Clinton (examples):
- Greem, David Michael (May 16, 2008). "Hillary Clinton Is The Madonna of American Politics". Common Dreams. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
- Anderson, Karrin Vasby (2002). "Hillary Rodham Clinton as "Madonna": The Role of Metaphor and Oxymoron in Image Restoration". Women's Studies in Communication. 25 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1080/07491409.2002.10162439. S2CID 143476159. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
- Lim, Elvin T. (2002). "Gendered Metaphors of Women in Power: the Case of Hillary Clinton as Madonna, Unruly Woman, Bitch and Witch". Politics, Gender and Conceptual Metaphors. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 254–269. doi:10.1057/9780230245235_12. ISBN 978-1-349-30127-0. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
- ^ O'Mara, Richard (January 1, 1997). "Eva Peron, political animal Reality: A look at the truth and the mystery behind the madonna of Argentina". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ "Dannis the Day-Glo icon". U.S. News & World Report. 1997. p. 17. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Putruele, Martina (July 23, 2019). "¿Tenés una revista Vogue? Un museo porteño te invita a participar de una obra de arte" (in Spanish). Infobae. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Marta Minujín (examples):
- Mander, Benedict (October 6, 2015). "Buenos Aires struggles to support its artistic talent". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2016-08-14. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Jorge Fernández Díaz, Jorge [in Spanish] (October 18, 2008). "El gran tour de la Madonna del arte". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Len Blavatnik (examples):
- "Len Blavatnik as the 'Madonna' of Billionaires". Official website of Len Blavatnik. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- Pendleton, Devon (August 13, 2021). "How the 'Madonna' of Billionaires Is Playing His Fourth Act". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- ^ "The Entrepreneur Is the New Madonna". Slate. August 26, 1999. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Shiva Rea (examples):
- Catherall, Sarah (February 8, 2016). "Guru Shiva Rea explains how followers should 'find their yoga'". Stuff. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- "Shiva Rea". Vanity Fair. 2007. p. 197. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
- ^ a b c References for A-Mei (examples):
- O'Clery, Conor (August 16, 1999). "Singer fuels pro-Taiwan trend in young Chinese". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
{{cite news}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; February 28, 2021 suggested (help) - Jeffries 2003, p. 9
- Clark 2002, p. 68
- O'Clery, Conor (August 16, 1999). "Singer fuels pro-Taiwan trend in young Chinese". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ Bình, Huệ (August 3, 2020). "'Công chúa J-pop' Hikaru Utada 'gây sốt' khi tung MV quay trong phòng khách". Thanh Niên (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on September 21, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; September 21, 2020 suggested (help) - ^ a b References for Christina Aguilar (examples):
- Hamilton, Denise (May 18, 1995). "Happy for the Thais That Influence". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Connell & Gibson 2003, p. online
- ^ a b References for Namie Amuro (examples):
- Rossides 2020, p. 44
- "Pop singer Namie Amuro, the 'Japanese Madonna', to quit show business in 2018". South China Morning Post. Associated Press (AP). September 21, 2017. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Okwodu, Janelle (October 27, 2017). "Namie Amuro, "The Madonna of Japan," Is Retiring, But Her Style Influence Lives On". Vogue. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Bureau, ET (September 29, 2018). "Meet Namie Amuro, the Japanese Madonna who has sold 36 mn records so far". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help)
- ^ a b References for Sa Dingding (examples):
- Ferrer, Isabel (March 6, 2010). "La china Sa Dingding, 'la Madonna asiática', actuará en el Murcia Tres Culturas". La Opinión de Murcia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Patil, Reshma (September 29, 2008). "Made in China, India on her mind". The Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Albarracín, J. (May 24, 2010). "Sa Dingding: "Mi estilo es totalmente diferente al de Madonna"". La Verdad (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ Lomsadze, Giorgi (August 28, 2012). "Azerbaijan Takes Aim at Googoosh". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ a b c References for Yulduz Usmonova (examples):
- Strauss, Neil (October 18, 2000). "THE POP LIFE; Uzbekistan Dreams Made of Music". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Koskoff 2008, p. 898
- Sahadeo & Zanca 2007, p. 225
- Íñiguez, Fernando (July 17, 1997). "Los Gitanos de Rajasthán y Yulduz Usmanova traen aire del Este". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Angélique Kidjo (examples):
- "Report: Africa". Travel + Leisure. Vol. 28. 1998. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- "Angélique Kidjo". Black Diaspora. Vol. 18. 1997. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ "Coult it be that the more frankly adults talk about sex". Bitch. No. 34–37. 2007. p. 17. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ References for Noa (examples):
- "Concerts: Noa". New York. Vol. 28, no. 14. April 3, 1995. p. 96. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- Sendra, Ferran (December 8, 2015). "Noa: "Nunca quise ser Madonna"". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ References for Sabah (examples):
- "A life of ups and downs: Curtain falls on Arab superstar Sabah". Al Arabiya. November 26, 2014. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- "Sabah - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. December 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Sandra (examples):
- Marks, Howard (June 14, 1986). "UK Radio Talk" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 3, no. 23. p. 7. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Exito". Hoy (in Spanish). Vol. 3, no. 454–467. 1986. p. 4. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
cantante alemana a quien llaman la "Madonna europea"
- Thomas, Fred. "Sandra Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Azis (examples):
- Ridenour, Al (May 14, 2009). "Glamour Bear Azis, The New Face of Bulgaria". Laughingsquid. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Oasis singer. Vasil trojanov boyanov and his new image. Video Azis Mrazish". UOFA. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Ceca Ražnatović (examples):
- ""Balkans madonna"" (in Norwegian). Norsk rikskringkasting. August 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Culture / TPN Spring 2011" (PDF). Přítomnost. 2011. p. 115. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Barash 2016, p. 163
- ^ References for Marina Arsenijevic (examples):
- Takahashi, Corey (January 26, 2003). "Crossing Over With Her 'Balkan Soul'". Newsday. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Balkan 'Madonna' to perform Sunday" (PDF). Plymouth Observer. July 11, 2002. p. B7. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Laima Vaikule (examples):
- "Arts and Leisure: 'Soviet Madonna' comes to the US". The Gleaner. June 12, 1989. p. 9. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Arnold, Thomas K. (April 5, 1989). "Turning Russian Rock Into Gold : American Record Producer Spins Hopes on Soviet Union's 'Madonna'". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- MacFadyen 2002, p. 225
- ^ References for Natali (examples):
- "International". International Herald Tribune. 1990. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Show". Montreal Gazette. June 6, 1990. p. 6. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "The Pop Industry from Stagnation to Perestroika: How Music Professionals Embraced Economic Reform that Broke East European Cultural Networks" (PDF). University of Roehampton. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ a b c References for Xuxa (examples):
- "Xuxa, a Madonna Brasileira testo" (in Italian). MTV Italy. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "The Brazilian Bombshell's Neighborhood". New York. Vol. 25, no. 10. March 9, 1992. p. 23. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "Xuxa". Rumbo (in Spanish). La Nación. 1993. p. 13. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
Xuxa, una especie de Madonna latinoamericana
- "Una Madonna Carioca". Expansión (in Spanish). Vol. 24. 1992. p. 202. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "La Madonna de American del Sur". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). December 14, 1992. p. 6. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Daniela Mercury (examples):
- "CNN anuncia Daniela Mercury como a "Madonna brasileira"". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). March 3, 2017. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; March 6, 2013 suggested (help) - "Daniela Mercury". Noticias de la semana (in Spanish). 1993. pp. 2–12. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
Daniela Mercury (la Madonna brasileña)
- "Daniela Mercury, brazilska Madonna: Vreli ritam tropa". Vreme (in Bosnian). 1993. p. 28. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
Daniela Mercury, brazilska Madonna
- "CNN anuncia Daniela Mercury como a "Madonna brasileira"". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). March 3, 2017. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ References for Gretchen (examples):
- Essinger, Silvio (July 27, 2011). "Em pocket show, Gretchen celebra hits e dispara: 'Eu sou a Madonna brasileira'". O Globo (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Oliveira, Sara (February 15, 2020). "A carreira musical de Gretchen, que disse ser a Madonna brasileira". Cifras (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Reis, João Paulo (May 7, 2017). "Rainha dos memes, Gretchen também já foi trilha de novelas" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Joelma (examples):
- Nogueira, Renata (November 10, 2016). "Fãs provam fidelidade a Joelma em gravação de DVD: "É a Madonna brasileira"" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "Fã chama Joelma de "Madonna brasileira" e gravação de DVD faz sucesso" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Regina Restelli (examples):
- Astuto, Bruno (October 25, 2016). "Regina Restelli, a "Madonna brasileira", relembra sucesso há 25 anos". Época (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on November 21, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Noronha, Heloísa. "Por onde anda Regina Restelli, a Madonna brasileira dos anos 90?" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ "The funk carioca of Tati Quebra-Barraco". Gazeta Digital. November 28, 2004. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ References for Mitsou (examples):
- Lauzon, Véronique (November 30, 2013). "La provocation pop de Mitsou". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Iannacci, Elio (July 2009). "All The Singles Ladies". Flare. Vol. 31, no. 7. ProQuest 223829343. Retrieved September 8, 2022 – via ProQuest.
- Desrochers, Alain (1991). Mitsou: Dis Moi, Dis Moi (Media notes).
Entertainment Tonight" called her the Madonna of Canada
- ^ "Las nuevas divas". Qué Pasa (in Spanish). 2006. p. 63. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Shakira (examples):
- "Llena de gracia". Semana (in Spanish). September 2, 2001. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- "Shakira". Para Ti (in Spanish). No. 4048–4056. 2000. p. 9. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Gurisatti, Claudia [in Spanish] (November 2009). "La nueva 'Shaki'". Gente (in Spanish). p. 96. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Linés, Esteban (November 25, 2010). "Shakira: "Jo també sóc una catalana"". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Pride & Ferrell 2003, p. 112
- ^ References for Albita (examples):
- Van Gelder, Lawrence (June 26, 2000). "This Week". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Manrique, Diego A. [in Spanish] (April 7, 1999). "Albita presenta en directo su visión del alma cubana". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Galilea, Carlos (April 15, 1999). "Nalgas y versos". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ "Severina Live in Vegas: A Fan's Appreciation". Total Croatia News. May 3, 2017. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ References for Tatiana Cameron (examples):
- "Tatiana Cameron to perform at shrine". The Standard-Times. February 18, 2005. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- "Croatian Madonna to settle in Clifton". Croatia.org. December 7, 2004. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- ^ References for Wei Wei (examples):
- "Kinas Madonna blåser sina svenska leverantörer" (in Swedish). Realtid. February 22, 2008. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Imedio, Ferran (May 29, 2007). "La 'Madonna´ china reune a las estrella". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Patricia Kaas (examples):
- Gilles, Médioni (July 14, 1994). "Patricia Kaas, chanteuse étoile". L'Express (in French). Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "L'ambassadrice". Le Télégramme (in French). January 31, 1999. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "Des airs méconnus" (in French). Taiwan Info. January 5, 1998. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Marianne Rosenberg (examples):
- Tichler, Andy (October 14, 2019). "Marianne Rosenberg: "Die Königin" kehrt mit "Wann (Mr. 100%)" triumphal zurück!" (in German). Smago. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Euromaxx (March 10, 2020). "Happy birthday, Marianne Rosenberg!". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved May 24, 2022 – via Facebook, DW Official page.
- ^ "Nana Mouskouri la Madonna grecque: "Je ne savais pas que j'avais enregistré 134 albums au total"". La Dernière Heure (in French). August 25, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Amy Yip (examples):
- Isaacs, Matt (June 14, 2000). "Twice Burned". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "Asian Organized Crime" (PDF). Office of Justice Programs. 1991. p. 120. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Asha Bhosle (examples):
- "Asha Bhosle". Asiaweek. 17: 61. 1991. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "Asha Bhosle". Verve: The Spirit of Today's Woman. 14 (4–6): 69. 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Times News Network (TNN) (April 5, 2003). "We Love Asha Bhosle Because". Times of india. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Sarit Hadad (examples):
- Khazzoom, Loolwa (September 10, 2004). "Sabra Madonna: Meet Israel's Pop Diva". The Forward. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Burgan 2007, p. 75
- ^ References for Lady Saw (examples):
- Escobedo Shepherd, Julianne (August 27, 2014). "Woman on Top: 20 Years on Lady Saw Is Still Riding High". The Fader. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
- Oumano, Elena (June 28, 1997). "V.P. To Make Known Lady Saw's 'Passion'". Billboard. Vol. 109, no. 26. p. 8. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
- Ainley 2002, p. 147
- ^ a b References for Ayumi Hamasaki (examples):
- Ruide, Koh (November 13, 2017). "Ayumi Hamasaki offends S Korean fans during concert with Japanese war flag". Japan Today. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Tan, Gerald (May 28, 2017). "A Diehard Ayumi Hamasaki Fan Reacts To Her Tragic News". Harper's Bazaar. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- "Ayumi Hamasaki". The Wire. Vol. 281–286. 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
Yeah, it's Ayumi Hamasaki, the Madonna of J-Pop
- ^ References for Hikaru Utada (examples):
- Enis, Eli; Jones, Marcus; Nolfi, Joey (May 8, 2020). "Friday Five: Paul Epworth's Space-funk Boogie, Buju Banton Teams With John Legend, And More". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Liu, Marian (January 16, 2020). "Japanese superstar Utada Hikaru finds her way in the U.S." The Seattle Times. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Minako Honda (examples):
- "Material girls set on following Madonna's footsteps". September 12, 1986. p. 8. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
- "Minako Honda". Asiaweek. January 16, 2020. p. 41. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ Fujita, Shig (November 22, 1986). "Japan's Rebecca Is Not Just Another Pretty Face" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 98, no. 47. p. 70. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ "مادونا : اليسا ونانسي وهيفاء وراء تفكيري في الانتحار" (in Arabic). Assawsana. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ References for Alejandra Guzmán (examples):
- Martínez 1992, p. 162
- Joseph & Henderson 2002, p. 609
- ^ a b References for Marisela (examples):
- Quinones, Dita (July 10, 2014). "Siempre con Marisela". KNSD. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "GLENDALE : Latin Singer Marisela Arrested in Drug Case". Los Angeles Times. June 16, 1993. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Latin singer Marisela busted". United Press International (UPI). August 2, 1993. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Así luce a sus 26 años Marilyn Odesa, la hermosa hija de la cantante Marisela". El Heraldo (in Spanish). January 13, 2018. Archived from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Strong & Griffin 2008, p. 314
- ^ a b References for Thalía (examples):
- Escudero, Felipe (January 15, 2006). ""Ahora, el pueblo latino se ha convertido en una prioridad para EEUU porque generamos dinero"". El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Nunn, Jerry (November 17, 2015). "Singer Thalia takes on fashion Special to the online edition of Windy City Times". Windy City Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ a b c References for Yuri (examples):
- Cordova, Randy (August 15, 2015). "Yuri: 15 favorite songs by 'the Mexican Madonna'". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Hevrdejs, Judy (July 27, 1990). "Mexico's Madonna Knows How To Strike A Pose". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Yuri, la 'Madonna mexicana', cumple 53 años" (in Spanish). Notimérica. June 1, 2019. Archived from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Yuri". Charisma and Christian Life. 26 (6–11): 94. June 1, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Molina, Melvin (December 18, 2013). "Yuri: 'Soy una mujer diferente, soy una mujer de fe'". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- Notimex (January 31, 2003). "Asegura Yuri que dejó de ser la "Madonna mexicana"". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Holen, Øyvind (February 15, 2002). "Norges Madonna". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Hashmi, Emb (July 10, 2014). "Humera Arshad The Pakistani Madonna". Asian World News. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Loredana Groza (examples):
- Brumar, Dan L. (January 22, 2020). "Loredana Groza, Madonna de România în straie indiene. Cum a pozat artista" (in Romanian). Pro TV. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "FOTO EXCLUSIV Loredana Groza chiar e Madonna de România! Aveţi dovada aici". Click! (in Romanian). March 24, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Hart, Hugh (June 9, 1993). "The 'Russian Madonna's' Bad Manners Is A Great Excuse For A Feeding Frenzy". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Sadie Nine (examples):
- "BBC Essex Presenters". BBC Essex. April 27, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- "Sadie Nine on BBC London 94.9 FM". BBC Essex. 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ "Sasha Gradiva". Sonic Schocks. No. 25. June 2014. p. 25. Retrieved May 24, 2022 – via Issuu.
- ^ References for Valeriya (examples):
- Brumar, Andy (October 23, 2011). "Come on over, Valeriya: Meet 'Russia's Madonna'". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Ferris-Rotman, Amie (March 19, 2008). "Russian pop diva and Bee Gee plan British conquest". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Low, Felix (March 26, 2008). "Valeriya, Moscow's Madonna, targets Britain". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Graff, Gary (July 3, 2014). "Jose Feliciano Records New Single With 'The Madonna or Lady Gaga of Serbia'". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
{{cite magazine}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; April 26, 2019 suggested (help) - ^ References for Kim Wan-sun (examples):
- Weintraub, Barendregt & Lau 2017, p. 312
- Fuhr 2015, p. online
- ^ ""We Came To Party" 2015 Celebrities' Party Look". Yahoo!. April 25, 2015. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Alaska (examples):
- Leibetseder 2016, p. 73
- "Fangoria". Gatopardo (in Spanish) (98–103): 84. 2009. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Leticia Sabater (examples):
- "El desastre estético de Leticia Sabater: así ha quedado su 'six pack' un año después". El Español (in Spanish). March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- "Leticia Sabater 200,000 EUR Spree In Bid To Be "Spanish Madonna"". The Madrid Metropolitan. January 1, 2012. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "Luz empieza a destacar en la farándula" (in Spanish). April 17, 1990. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ a b References for Hanan Bulu-Bulu (examples):
- "Hana Bulu-Bulu Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
- Yaqub & Quawas 2017, p. 188
- Shepherd et al. 2003, p. 339
- ^ References for Robyn (examples):
- Barshad, Amos (April 28, 2008). "Robyn on Hip-hop, 'Chappelle's Show,' and Being the Madonna of Sweden". Vulture. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Weithz 2020, p. online
- Johannesson 2012, p. online
- ^ References for Mai Charoenpura (examples):
- "LOS ANGELES : Council Settles Claim From Thai Actress, Sister". Los Angeles Times. November 10, 1993. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Lewis 2007, p. 150
- ^ References for Aleyna Tilki (examples):
- "Selda Bağcan'dan Aleyna Tilki'ye övgü: Türkiye'nin dünya çapındaki Madonna'sı olacak!". Takvim (in Turkish). April 2, 2019. Archived from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; February 26, 2021 suggested (help) - "'O ileride Türkiye'nin Madonna'sı olacak'". Sabah (in Turkish). April 2, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; February 6, 2019 suggested (help)
- "Selda Bağcan'dan Aleyna Tilki'ye övgü: Türkiye'nin dünya çapındaki Madonna'sı olacak!". Takvim (in Turkish). April 2, 2019. Archived from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "Banu Alkan çok nankör". Milliyet (in Turkish). October 22, 2000. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Gülşen (examples):
- Binley, Alex. "Turkish singer Gulsen arrested over religious schools joke". BBC News. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
- "Turkish pop star faces jail time for 'inciting hatred' over religious schools joke". Euronews. September 3, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
- Jones, Dorian (October 1, 2022). "Turkish 'Madonna' faces jail as crackdown on pop music intensifies". Radio France Internationale. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
- ^ References for Hande Yener (examples):
- Bal, Çİğdem (October 16, 2007). "'Turkish Madonna'". Vatan (in Turkish). Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Vural, Sinem (October 15, 2020). "Siz yapmazsanız başkası yapacak". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Sezen Aksu (examples):
- Church, Michael (October 16, 2011). "Album: Sezen Aksu, Optum (World Village)". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 22, 2011. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Broughton, Simon (June 5, 2002). "Barbican's club Med". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "'Türkiye'nin Madonnası Sezen Aksu'". Habertürk (in Turkish). September 20, 2009. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Galilea, Carlos (July 10, 2005). "Sezen Aksu, la diva del pop de Turquía". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Yonca Evcimik (examples):
- "Yonca I'm Hot For You" (PDF). Music Week. November 4, 1995. p. 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- "Pop singer Yonca Evcimik says her work remains a touchstone". Turkey Tribune. April 15, 2021. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Ruslana (examples):
- Chalupa, Irena (May 5, 2014). "Maidan is Ukraine". Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Welcome the Ukrainian Madonna". Now. November 14, 2008. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Melissa Griffiths (examples):
- "Así luce la cantante Melissa, 32 años después de su debut". La Patilla (in Spanish). June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Qué fue de la vida de Ralph Macchio, Karolina con K, Robert Carradine y Melissa Griffiths" (in Spanish). Venevisión. October 15, 2012. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Lynda Trang Đài (examples):
- "How the "Vietnamese Madonna" Came to Own a Bánh Mì Shop in Little Saigon". KCRW. July 10, 2015. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Morehouse, Lisa (October 31, 2015). "At This Sandwich Shop, A Vietnamese Pop Star Serves Up Banh Mi". NPR. Archived from the original on December 1, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Lynda Trang Đài nóng bỏng không tuổi, được ví như 'Madonna của Việt Nam'". Tiền Phong (in Vietnamese). May 11, 2019. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Portia Gwanzura (examples):
- The Financial Gazette (January 16, 2003). "Zimbabwe: Zim's Madonna, Gwanzura Fears for Her Life". AllAfrica. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Rumbelow, Helen (January 10, 2003). "Portia Gwanzura". The Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Stratton 2006, p. 196
- ^ References for Beyoncé (examples):
- Ramírez Figueroa, JC (November 2, 2010). "La Madonna negra". El Mercurio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Beyonce Knowles models in photo". Today's Black Woman. Vol. 9, no. 1–4. 2003. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Guilbert 2018, p. 100
- ^ References for Rihanna (examples):
- "Rihanna: "I want to be the black Madonna"". In Touch Weekly. February 5, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Keaton 2014, p. XIV
- ^ References for Amy Grant (examples):
- Willistein, Paul (April 4, 1986). "Caught between a Rock and Gospel place Amy Grant". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Fields, Jamie (August 1997). "Heeeeeere's Gary!". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; October 3, 2015 suggested (help) - Thomasos, Christine (April 19, 2017). "Katy Perry says layers of her Christian upbringing are 'dropping off of me by the day'". Christian Today. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ EFE (August 28, 2008). "La diva del reggaetón Ivy Queen critica a Residente y se compara con Madonna". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "Manson, Slayer to play Verizon". Orange County Register. June 28, 2007. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "Flamenco". Milenio (in Spanish) (294–302): 85. 2003. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "Word Up" (PDF). Record Mirror. January 7, 1989. pp. 4–5. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "178 answers from Tarja". Official Tarja Turunen website. January 10, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Tairrie B (examples):
- Mood, Nekesa Mumbi (August 29, 2003). "Sarai (rhymes with 'hi) takes the rap as 'The Original'". Kitsap Sun. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Beato, G. (February 2002). "Not Bad for a Whit Girl". Spin. Vol. 18, no. 2. p. 84. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Hoffmann 2005, p. 253
- O'Brien 1996, p. 317
- ^ "Vanessa-Mae". Asia Inc. 9 (1–4): 34. 2008. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Avril Lavigne (examples):
- Dondoni, Luca (July 20, 2002). "Noi Lolite, nuove regine pop". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 29. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Fulton, Rick (January 10, 2011). "Avril Lavigne: Madonna is my idol". Daily Record (in Italian). Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Britney Spears (examples):
- "Fastest Selling Album By A Female Artist". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on September 2, 2004. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- Søie Hansen, Thomas (November 10, 2000). "På maven for Madonna". Berlingske (in Danish). Archived from the original on March 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- "Madonna mostra o seu novo "ABC" em entrevista". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). October 25, 2000. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ References for Gwen Stefani (examples):
- Callahan, Maureen (May 1998). "Planet Rockwell". Spin. Vol. 14, no. 5. p. 42. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- Krohn, Katherine (2007). Gwen Stefani. Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 978-0-8225-7157-5.
- "El próximo sábado se presenta en Bogotá Gwen Stefani, 'la sucesora de Madonna'". El Tiempo. July 14, 2007. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- Van Meter, Jonathan (April 1, 2008). "Gwen Stefani: The First Lady of Rock". Vogue. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- ^ References for Miley Cyrus (examples):
- M, Vicky (December 29, 2020). "One and the same: is Miley Cyrus the new Madonna?". Onlystars. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Renshaw, David (December 4, 2013). "Tegan and Sara say Miley Cyrus is 'this generation's Madonna'". NME. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Boardman, Madeline (December 5, 2013). "Tegan And Sara On Miley Cyrus: 'She's This Generation's Madonna'". HuffPost. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Nelly Furtado (examples):
- Anunciação, Paulo (March 27, 2001). "Cantora luso-canadiana conquista coração dos britânicos". Público (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Sullivan, Caroline (August 31, 2001). "So, Nelly, what kind of bird are you?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Baca, Ricardo (June 19, 2006). "Nelly Furtado decides to have some fun". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Burchill, Julie (April 16, 2019). "How I learnt to love Billie Eilish, the Madonna of the trigger warning generation". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for singer Dua Lipa (examples):
- Egan, Barry (April 5, 2020). "Lipa throws a guilt-free solo disco party". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; April 14, 2020 suggested (help) - McGurk, Stuart (April 12, 2018). "Dua Lipa interview: 'Sometimes I do need to stop and pinch myself'". GQ. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Tonet, Aureliano (March 25, 2021). "Dua Lipa, la reine du melting-pop". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on March 25, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
- Sancho, Xavi (July 27, 2019). "Dua Lipa, la Madonna de la Generación Z". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Egan, Barry (April 5, 2020). "Lipa throws a guilt-free solo disco party". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
- ^ Garza, Gabriel (April 15, 2001). "Pinta al pop de color rosa". El Norte (in Spanish). ProQuest 315835494. Retrieved May 24, 2022 – via ProQuest.
- ^ References for Taylor Swift (examples):
- "25 Américains qui ont fait les années Obama". Les Echos (in French). October 28, 2016. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- Dennehy, Luke (July 20, 2015). "Is music superstar Taylor Swift the Madonna of generation now?". Herald Sun. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ "Arriva Cristina, Madonna dei bambini". La Stampa (in Italian). January 22, 1990. p. 50. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Tini Stoessel (examples):
- "Martina Stoessel: La Madonna adolescente". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). August 29, 2013. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- "Martina Stoessel, la "Madonna" de los más chicos" (in Spanish). Minutouno.com. August 29, 2013. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ References for Betty Davis (examples):
- Bengal, Rebecca (February 10, 2022). "Betty Davis projected her own liberation – and freed up generations in her wake". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- "Betty Davis, hard funk pioneer who inspired husband Miles Davis, dead at 77". Euronews. February 10, 2022. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- "Madonna before Madonna: The woman who introduced Miles to Hendrix finally speaks". Daily Maverick. September 7, 2010. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ References for Camille Paglia (examples):
- Guilbert 2015, pp. 179–180
- Rodden 2001, p. 166
- ^ Bwog Staff (November 17, 2009). "Impending Dhoom". Bwog. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
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