List of languages by time of extinction: Difference between revisions

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This is a list of extinct languages sorted by their time of extinction. When the exact time of death of the last remaining speaker is not known, either an approximate time or the date when the language was last being recorded is given. However, the list is not complete.

The list

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
February 4, 2014	Klallam	Salishan	Washington, USA	with the death of Hazel Sampson^[1]
June 5, 2013	Livonian	Uralic	Latvia	with the death of Grizelda Kristina^[2]
2013	Yurok	Algic	California, USA	with the death of Archie Thompson^[3]
October 2, 2012	Cromarty dialect of Scots	Germanic	Northern Scotland, United Kingdom	with the death of Bobby Hogg ^[4]
October 24, 2010	Pazeh	Formosan languages	Taiwan	with the death of Pan Jin-yu^[5]
August 20, 2010	Cochin Indo-Portuguese Creole	Portuguese-based Creole	southern India	with the death of William Rozario^[6]
January 26, 2010	Aka-Bo	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	with the death of Boa Sr.^[7]
November 2009	Aka-Kora	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	with the death of Ms. Boro^[8]
2009	Nyawaygi	Pama–Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Willie Seaton^[9]
by 2009	Dagoman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia
by 2009	Gugu Badhun	Pama–Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
by 2009	Muruwari	Pama–Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia	^[10]
by 2009	Thaypan	Pama–Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
by 2009	Thurawal	Pama–Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia
by 2009 ^[11]	Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe	unclassified	Brazil
January 21, 2008	Eyak	Na-Dene	Alaska, USA	with the death of Marie Smith Jones^[12]
c.2006 (?)	A-Pucikwar	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	^[13]
2005	Osage	Siouan	Oklahoma, USA	with the death of Lucille Roubedeaux^[14]
by 2005	Barrow Point	Pama–Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[15]
December 29, 2003	Akkala Sami	Uralic	Kola Peninsula, Russia	with the death of Marja Sergina^[16]^[17]
2003	Garig Ilgar	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia	^[18]
by 2003	Alngith	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
by 2003	Areba	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[19]
by 2003	Atampaya	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[20]
by 2003	Umbindhamu	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	^[21]
May 23, 2002	Gaagudju	Arnhem Land languages	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Big Bill Neidjie^[22]
2000	Sowa	Malayo-Polynesian	Pentecost Island, Vanuatu	with the death of Maurice Tabi
c.2000	Mesmes	Semitic	Ethiopia	Last speaker was interviewed by language survey team, aged ~80. He had not spoken the language for 30 years.
20th-21st century (?)	Ayabadhu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[23]
20th-21st century (?)	Aghu Tharnggala	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[24]
20th-21st century (?)	Adithinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Arritinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Dyaberdyaber	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	^[25]
20th-21st century (?)	Dyugun	Australian	Western Australia	^[26]
20th-21st century (?)	Gurnai	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia	^[27] now being revived
1999	Nyulnyul	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Carmel Charles ^[28]
1998	Mlahsô	Semitic	Syria; Turkey	with the death of Ibrahim Hanna ^[29]
1997-98	Ngarnka	Pama-Nyungan languages	Australia	According to the Australian linguist Robert J. Pensalfini, the last fluent speaker of the language died between 1997 and 1998.
late 1990s	Munichi	unclassified	Loreto Region, Peru	with the death of Victoria Huancho Icahuate
1997	Ofo	Siouan	USA	with the death of Thomas Darko^[30]
January 1997	Sireniki Yupik	Eskimo–Aleut	Chukotka Peninsula, Russia	with the death of Valentina Wye^[31]
ca. 1990s	Lumaete dialect of Kayeli	Malayo-Polynesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	^[32]
1990s	Unggumi	Worrorra	Australia	with the death of Morndi Munro^[33]
ca. 1990s	Taman variety of Sak	Tibeto-Burman	Myanmar	^[34]
August 6, 1995	Martuthunira	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	with the death of Algy Paterson^[35]
after 1994	Aka-Cari	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India
1994	Sakhalin Ainu	Ainu languages	Japan	with the death of Take Asai^[36]
1994	Northern Pomo	Hokan (controversial)	California, USA	with the death of Edna Guerrero
1993	Eastern Abnaki	Algonquian	Maine, USA	with the death of Madeline Shay
October 7, 1992	Ubykh	Northwest Caucasian	Balıkesir Province, Turkey	with the death of Tevfik Esenç^[37]
1991	Roncalese (Erronkarriko) dialect, Basque	language isolate	Spain; France	with the death of Fidela Bernat
1991	Pánobo	Panoan	Peru	^[38]
1990	Shasta	Shastan	California, USA
1990	Wappo	Yuki–Wappo	California, USA	with the death of Laura Fish Somersal
1989	Kamassian	Samoyedic	Ural mountains, Russia	with the death of Klavdiya Plotnikova
1989	Leliali dialect of Kayeli	Malayo-Polynesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	in March 1989^[32]^[39]
1989	Miami-Illinois	Algonquian	along the Mississippi River, USA
1989	Kungarakany	Gunwinyguan	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Madeline England^[39]^[40]
1988	Atsugewi	Palaihnihan	California, USA	with the death of Medie Webster^[41]
1988	Nooksack	Salishan	Washington, USA	with the death of Sindick Jimmy ^[39]
1988	ǁXegwi	Tuu	South Africa	with the death of Jopi Mabinda^[42]
c.1987	Bidyara	Pama-Nyungan languages	Queensland, Australia	^[43]
after 1987	Laua	Trans-New Guinea	Papua New Guinea
between 1976 and 1999	Kw'adza	Cushitic	Tanzania	^[44]
February 4, 1987	Cupeño	Chumash languages	California, USA	with the death of Roscinda Nolasquez^[45]
1987	Negerhollands	Dutch-based creole	U.S. Virgin Islands	with the death of Alice Stevens
1987	Basa-Gumna	Benue–Congo	Niger State/Plateau State, Nigeria	^[46]
c.1986	Bikya	Niger-Congo	Cameroon	In 1986, four surviving speakers were identified, although only one (a man in his seventies) spoke the language fluently.
c.1986	Bishuo	Niger-Congo	Cameroon	In 1986, only one remaining person, over 60 years old, knew any Bishuo.
1986	Jiwarli	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Jack Butler
1986	Mangala	Pama–Nyungan	Western Australia, Australia	^[47]
1984	Yavitero	Arawakan	Venezuela	^[39]^[48]
c.1983	Yangman	Australian	Australia	^[49]
after 1981	Umbugarla	Arnhem Land languages	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Butcher Knight
1980	Twana	Salishan	Washington, USA	^[39]^[50]
late 20th century	Newfoundland Irish	Celtic	Newfoundland, Canada	Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, employs one of the Irish language instructors appointed every year by the Ireland Canada University Foundation to work in Canadian universities and support the Irish language in the wider community.^[51]
20th century (?)	Flinders Island	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
20th century (?)	Nganyaywana	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
20th century (?)	Yalarnnga	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
20th century (?)	Yandruwandha	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
20th century (?)	Warluwara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
20th century (?)	Wariyangga	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
between 1971 and 1981	Kwadi	Khoe	southwestern Angola	^[52]
1970s – 1980s	Chicomuceltec	Mayan	Mexico; Guatemala
after 1979	Pitta Pitta	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the deaths of Ivy Nardoo of Boulia, and Linda Craigie of Mount Isa.^[53]
November 3, 1977	Shuadit	Romance	southern France	with the death of Armand Lunel^[39]^[54]
after 1976	Muskum	Chadic	western Chad	^[55]
1976	Aasáx	Cushitic	Tanzania	^[56]
1975	Homa	Bantu	southern Sudan	^[57]
1975	Yugh	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	By the early 1990s there were only two or three non-fluent speakers remaining, and the language was virtually extinct. In the 2010 census only one ethnic Yugh was counted.^[39]^[58]
December 27, 1974	Manx	Celtic	Isle of Man, United Kingdom	with the death of Ned Maddrell. Now being revived as a second language^[59]
May 28, 1974	Ona	Chon	Tierra del Fuego, Argentina	with the death of Ángela Loij
1974	Moksela	Malayo-Polynesian	Maluku, Indonesia	^[60]
before 1974	Cacaopera	Misumalpan	El Salvador	^[61]
1972	Hanis	Penutian	Oregon, USA	with the death of Martha Harney Johnson (1886-1972).^[62]
1972	Mbabaram	Pama–Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Albert Bennett^[63]
1970	Tillamook	Salishan	Oregon, USA	^[39]
before 1968	Sened	Berber	Tunisia
1965	Barbareño	Chumashan	California, USA	with the death of Mary Yee
ca. 1960s	Pirlatapa	Pama–Nyungan	South Australia	^[64]
1963	Galice	Na-Dene	Oregon, USA	with the death of Hoxie Simmons (1963)
1963	Jorá	Tupi	Bolivia	^[39]
1962	Wiyot	Algic	California, USA	with the death of Delia Prince^[65]
after 1961	Wyandot	Iroquoian	Oklahoma, USA; Quebec, Canada	There were two older adult speakers still alive in 1961.
1960	Siuslaw	Penutian	Oregon, USA	with the death of Mary Barrett Elliott. Last speaker of Lower Umpqua dialect was Billy Dick^[66]
1959	Catawba	Siouan	South Carolina, USA	with the death of Chief Sam Blue ^[67]
1958	Salinan	isolated	California, USA
1958	Molala	Penutian	Oregon, USA	with the death of Fred Yelkes (1885-1958)^[68]
1958	Omurano	Zaparoan	Peru	^[39]^[69]
1954	Central Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, USA	with the Santiam dialect - last speaker was John B Hudson^[70]
ca. 1950s	Pijao	unclassified	Colombia	^[71]
after 1954	Tây Bồi	French-based Pidgin	Vietnam	^[72]^[73] pidgin spoken by non-French-educated Vietnamese, typically those who worked as servants in French households or milieux during the colonial era.
1954	Ifo	Malayo-Polynesian	Erromanga Island, Vanuatu	with the death of James Nalig^[74]
1952	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language	Sign language	Massachusetts, USA	with the death of Katie West
1951	Alsea	Penutian	Oregon, USA	with the death of John Albert^[75]
1950	Kaniet	Malayo-Polynesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea	^[39]^[76]
c. 1950	Bohemian Romani	mixed language	Czech Republic, Eastern Europe	It became extinct after World War II, due to extermination of most of its speakers in Nazi concentration camps.
mid-20th century	Ventureño	Chumashan	California, USA
mid-20th century	Slovincian	Slavic	Pomerania, Poland
mid-20th century	Tunica	isolated	Louisiana, USA	with the death of Sesostrie Youchigant
after 1949	Kunza	unclassified	Atacama Desert, Chile/Peru
after 1947	Gafat	Semitic	along the Abbay River, Ethiopia	Edward Ullendorff, in his brief exposition on Gafat, concludes that as of the time of his writing, "one may ... expect that it has now virtually breathed its last."^[77]
ca. 1940s	Chemakum	Chimakuan	Washington, USA
after 1942	Upper Umpqua	Athabascan	Oregon, USA	with the death of Wolverton Orton
1940	Chitimacha	isolated	Louisiana, USA	with the death of Delphine Ducloux^[78]
1940	Pentlatch	Salishan	Vancouver Island, Canada	^[39] with the death of Joe Nimnim (1940)
1939	Miluk	Penutian	Oregon, USA	with the death of Annie Miner Peterson
1939	Rumsen	Penutian	California, USA	with the death of Isabel Meadows
1937	Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, USA	with the Tualatin dialect. Last fully fluent speaker was Annie Miner Peterson, who died in 1939. Laura Hodgkiss Metcalf, who died in 1961, was the last functional speaker
1937	Yoncalla	Kalapuyan	Oregon, USA	with the death of Laura Blackery Albertson
1937	Kitanemuk	Uto-Aztecan	California, USA	with the deaths of Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, and Refugia Duran
1936	Narungga	Pama–Nyungan	South Australia, Australia	^[79]
ca. 1930s	Cayuse	isolated/unclassified	Oregon, USA
ca. 1930s	Chimariko	isolated	California, USA	with the death of Sally Noble
ca. 1930s	Kathlamet	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, USA	with the death of Charles Cultee^[80]
ca. 1930s	Lower Chinook	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, USA
ca. 1930s	Mahican	Algonquian	New York, USA
ca. 1930s	Natchez	isolated	Mississippi, USA	with the death of Nancy Raven
ca. 1930s	Clackamas dialect of Upper Chinook	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, USA
ca. 1930s	Kitsai	Caddoan	Oklahoma, USA	with the death of Kai Kai
after 1934	Biloxi	Siouan	Louisiana, USA	with the death of Emma Jackson
1934	Juaneño	Uto-Aztecan	California, USA
1934	Puelche	Chon	Argentina	with the death of Trruúlmani
1934	Takelma	isolated	Oregon, USA	with the death of Frances Johnson
1933	Gabrielino	Uto-Aztecan	California, USA
after 1931	Tonkawa	isolated	Oklahoma/Texas/New Mexico, USA
1931	Kaurna	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	with the death of Ivaritji,^[81] now being revived
1930	Mutsun	Penutian	California, USA	with the death of Ascencion Solorsano
ca. 1930	Mattole	Na-Dene	California, USA
between 1920 and 1940	Ajawa	Chadic	Bauchi State, Nigeria	^[82]
ca. 1929	Bear River
after 1925	Subtiaba	Oto-Manguean or Subtiaba-Tlapanec	Nicaragua
ca. 1920s	Chochenyo	Penutian	California, USA
ca. 1920s	Island Carib	Cariban	Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea
after 1921	Chagatai	Turkic	Central Asia
ca. 1920	Mochica	Chimuan	northwest Peru
after 1917	Pochutec	Uto-Aztecan	Oaxaca, Mexico
1916	Yahi	Hokan (controversial)	California, USA	with death of last speaker Ishi^[83]
1915	Yamhill dialect of Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, USA
before 1913	Tataviam	Uto-Aztecan	California, USA	with the death of Juan José Fustero
1910	Kwalhioqua	Athabascan language,	Washington State, USA
after 1908	Siraya	Austronesian	southwestern Taiwan	^[84]
1908	Mohegan	Algonquian	southern New England, USA	with the death of Fidelia Fielding
1905	Tasmanian	unclassified	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Fanny Cochrane Smith
after 1901	Aka-Bea	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India
after 1901	Oko-Juwoi	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India
after 1901	Aka-Kol	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India
after 1901	Aka-Kede	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India
after 1901	Akar-Bale	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India
early 20th century	Atakapa	isolated	Louisiana/Texas, USA
early 20th century	Jersey Dutch	Dutch-based creole	New Jersey, USA
early 20th century	Kazukuru	Malayo-Polynesian	New Georgia, Solomon Islands
early 20th century	Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin	Chinese/Russian-based contact language
early 20th century	Chaná	Charruan	Uruguay
late 19th century	Awabakal	Pama-Nyungan languages	Queensland, Australia	now being revived
late 19th century (?)	Wathawurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
late 19th century (?)	Woiwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
late 19th/early 20th century	Eora	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia	^[85]
by 1899	Ahom	Tai	India
late 19th century	Adai	isolated	Louisiana, USA
late 19th century	Esselen	Hokan (controversial)	California, USA	report of last speakers left from 1833
late 19th century	Wampanoag	Algonquian	Massachusetts, USA	Nantucket Wampanoag disappeared with the death of Dorcas Honorable in 1855.
late 19th century	Istrian Albanian	Albanian	Croatia	The only surviving text of the dialect was written by the local scholar Pietro Stankovich in the 1830s
later 19th century (?)	Mbara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	^[86]
June 10, 1898	Dalmatian	Romance	Croatia; Montenegro	with the death of Tuone Udaina
1898	Moriori	Malayo-Polynesian	Chatham Island, New Zealand	with the death of Hirawanu Tapu.^[87]
after 1894	Tsetsaut	Na-Dene	British Columbia, Canada
1886	Comecrudo	Comecrudan	Mexico; Texas, USA
1886	Cotoname	isolated	Mexico; Texas, USA
1884	Yaquina	Penutian	Oregon, USA
ca. 1880	Auregnais	Romance	Alderney, United Kingdom
1877	Aruá	Arauan	Brazil
1876	unidentified Tasmanian language	unclassified	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Trugernanner
mid-1870s	Yola	Germanic	Wexford, Ireland	^[88] replaced by modern Hiberno-English.
1871	Tutelo	Siouan	Virginia, United States	with the death of Nikonha
1870	Clatskanie	Na-Dene	Washington (state), USA
1862	Caquetio	Arawakan	Aruba	with the death of Nicolaas Pyclas.^[89]
1858	Karankawa	unclassified	Texas, USA
1853	Nicoleño	Uto-Aztecan	California, USA	with the death of Juana Maria
1850	Norn	North Germanic	Northern Isles, United Kingdom	with the death of Walter Sutherland
19th century	Mediterranean Lingua Franca	Romance-based Pidgin	Tunisia; Greece; Cyprus	^[90]
19th century	Chorotega	Oto-Manguean	Costa Rica; Nicaragua	^[91]
19th century	Matagalpa	Misumalpan	Nicaragua
19th century	Ramaytush	Penutian	California, USA
19th century	Kemi Sami	Uralic	Lapland, Finland	^[92]
mid-19th century	Shinnecock	Algonquian	New York, USA
ca. 1850s	Kott	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[58]
ca. 1840s	Mator	Samoyedic	Sayan Mountains, Russia
ca. 1842	Barngarla	Pama-Nyungan	southern Australia	^[93]
after 1839	Gulidjan	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
1836	Nottoway	Iroquoian	Virginia, USA
June 6, 1829	Beothuk	Algonquian?	Newfoundland, Canada	with the death of Shanawdithit^[94]
1828	Garza	Comecrudan	Mexico
1828	Mamulique	Comecrudan	Nuevo León, Mexico
1821	Karkin	Penutian	California, USA
1815	Tambora	Papuan	Sumbawa	following the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora^[95]
early 19th century	Cochimí	Hokan (controversial)	Baja California, Mexico
early 19th century	Pumpokol	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[58]
ca. 19th century	Crimean Gothic	Germanic	Crimea, Ukraine	A letter by the Flemish ambassador Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, dated 1562 and first published in 1589, gives a list of some eighty words and a song supposedly in the language.
ca. 19th century	Assan	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[58]
late 18th century	Esuma	Kwa	southern Côte d'Ivoire	^[96]
after 1791	Quiripi	Algonquian	Connecticut/New York/New Jersey, USA	^[97]
ca. 1790s	Powhatan	Algonquian	eastern Virginia, USA
December 1777	Cornish	Celtic	Cornwall, England	with the death of Dolly Pentreath ^[98]
ca. 1770s	Abipón	Mataco–Guaicuru	Argentina
after 1770	Weyto	unclassified	Ethiopia
1770	Cuman	Turkic	north of Black Sea; Hungary	with the death of István Varró ^[99]
1763	Susquehannock	Iroquoian	Maryland/Virginia, USA
1760	Galwegian dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Celtic	Scotland, United Kingdom	with the death of Margaret McMurray
1756	Polabian	Slavic	around the Elbe river, Poland/Germany	^[100]
18th century	Coahuilteco	isolated	Mexico; Texas, USA
18th century (?)	Historic Colognian	unclassified	Cologne, Germany
18th century	Etchemin	Algonquian	Maine, USA
18th century	Chibcha	Chibchan	Colombia
18th century	Hilberno-Scottish Gaelic	Celtic	Ireland and Scotland, United Kingdom	^[101]
between 17th and 19th century	Niuatoputapu	Malayo-Polynesian	Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga	^[102]
ca. 1730s	Arin	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[58]
ca. 18th century	Chané	Arawakan	Argentina	a dialect of Terêna
early 18th century	Apalachee	Muskogean	Florida, USA
early 18th century	Old Prussian	Baltic	Poland	Old Prussian began to be written down in the Latin alphabet in about the 13th century. A small amount of literature in the language survives
late 17th to early 18th century	Cacán	isolated	northern Argentina; Chile
late 17th century (?)	Old Kentish Sign Language	Village sign language	Kent, England	^[103]
late 17th century	Sudovian	Baltic	Lithuania
after 1643	Narragansett	Algonquian	New England, USA	^[104]
17th century	Jassic	Indo-Iranian	Hungary
17th century	Coptic	Afro-Asiatic	Egypt	used as a liturgical language nowadays
17th century	Curonian	either Finnic or Baltic	Latvia
late 16th century	Knaanic	Slavic	Czech Republic; Poland
late 16th century	Laurentian	Iroquoian	Quebec/Ontario, Canada
16th century	Semigallian	Baltic	Latvia; Lithuania
16th century	Guanche	unclassified, maybe Berber	Canary Islands, Spain	^[105]
16th century	Middle English	Indo-European	England	Famous poet Geoffrey Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.
after 1502	Tangut	Sino-Tibetan	northwestern China; southern Mongolia	latest text dates to 1502
end of 15th century	Mozarabic	Romance	Spain; Portugal	^[106]
late 15th century	Greenlandic Norse	Germanic	Greenland
late 15th century	Selonian	Baltic	Latvia; Lithuania
15th century	Classical Nahuatl	Uto-Aztecan	Mexico	evolved into several dialects of modern Nahuatl
15th century	Old Nubian	Nilo-Saharan	Northern Sudan; Southern Egypt	evolved into Nobiin and other languages
14th century	Galindian	Baltic	northern Poland; Russia
14th century	Old French	Romance	northern France, parts of Belgium (Wallonia) and Switzerland, England, Ireland, Kingdom of Sicily, Principality of Antioch, Kingdom of Cyprus	evolved into Middle French
14th century	Zarphatic	Romance	northern France; west-central Germany	formerly spoken among the Jewish communities of northern France and in parts of what is now west-central Germany, in such cities as Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, and Aachen.
ca. 1300	Old Norse	Germanic	Nordic countries, England, Wales, Isle of Man, Normandy, Vinland, the Volga and places in-between	Formerly spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300.
13th – 14th century	Bulgar	Turkic	Volga and Danube, Europe; Central Asia	While the language was extinct in Danubian Bulgaria (in favour of the Slavic Bulgarian language), it persisted in Volga Bulgaria, eventually giving rise to the modern Chuvash language.
13th century	Pyu	Sino-Tibetan	central Myanmar
13th century	Old English	Indo-European	England	Spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in parts of what are now England and southern and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. Developed into Middle English in the later Middle Ages
1244	Khitan	Mongolic	Central Asia	with the death of Yelü Chucai
between 1000 and 1300	Khazar	Turkic	northern Caucasus; Central Asia
11th – 12th century	Cumbric	Celtic	England/Scotland, United Kingdom	Most linguists believe that it became extinct in the 12th century, after the incorporation of the semi-independent Kingdom of Strathclyde into the Kingdom of Scotland.
11th – 12th century	Jewish Babylonian Aramaic	Semitic	Iraq	^[107]
11th century	Old Church Slavonic	Slavic	Eastern Europe	It played an important role in the history of the Slavic languages and served as a basis and model for later Church Slavonic traditions, and some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches use this later Church Slavonic as a liturgical language to this day.
10th – 12th century	Syriac	Semitic	Turkey; Iraq; Syria	still used as a literary secular language^[108]
10th – 12th century	Samaritan Aramaic	Semitic	West Bank, Israel	now only used as liturgical language^[109]
ca. 1000	Lombardic	Germanic	central Europe; northern Italy
ca. 1000	Merya	Uralic	Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000	Muromian	Uralic	Vladimir Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000	Alanic	Iranian	Pontic-Caspian steppe, Central Asia	evolved into Ossetian
10th century	Sakan	Indo-Iranian	Xinjiang, China
10th century	Zhang-Zhung	Sino-Tibetan	western Tibet (Central Asia)
9th century or later	Pictish	Celtic	Scotland, United Kingdom	There is virtually no direct attestation of Pictish, short of a limited number of place names and names of people found on monuments and the contemporary records in the area controlled by the Kingdom of the Picts.
c. 9th century	Frankish	Germanic	France; Germany	Different from present day German language varieties.^[110] Bible portions exist from 1758–1827.^[111]
9th century	Gothic	Germanic	Spain; Portugal; Italy	with the exception of Crimean Gothic
9th century	Sogdian	Iranian	Uzbekistan; Tajikistan	evolved partly into Yaghnobi
after 840	Tocharian	Indo-European	Tarim Basin (Central Asia)
6th century	Ancient Cappadocian	Indo-European	Turkey
6th century	Dacian	Indo-European	Balkans
6th century	Illyrian	Indo-European	western Balkans	disputed
6th century	Sabaean	Semitic	Horn of Africa; Arabic Peninsula
6th century	Vandalic	Germanic	Spain; North Africa
5th – 7th century	Phrygian	Indo-European	southeastern Bulgaria; Turkey
before 6th century	Ligurian	unclassified, possibly Celtic or Indo-European	northwestern Italy; southeastern France	^[112]
after 453	Hunnic	unclassified, possibly Oghuric	from the Eurasian steppe into Europe
5th century	Thracian	Indo-European	eastern and central Balkans
5th century	Isaurian	Indo-European	Turkey	Epigraphic evidence, including funerary inscriptions, is found into the 5th century AD.
early 5th century	Punic	Semitic	North Africa
ca. 400	Meroitic	unclassified, maybe Nilo-Saharan	Sudan
ca. 400	Sarmatian	Iranian	Pontic-Caspian steppe, Central Asia	evolved into Alanic
4th century AD	Galatian	Celtic	central Turkey
4th century AD	Ge'ez	Semitic	Ethiopia; Eritrea	;^[113] still used as a liturgical language
4th century AD	Classical Hebrew	Semitic	Israel	revived in the 1880s
after 300 AD	Parthian	Iranian	Iran
3rd century AD	Raetic	unclassified, maybe Tyrsenian	eastern Alps
after 2nd century AD	Noric	Celtic	Austria; Slovenia	It is attested in only two fragmentary inscriptions from the Roman province of Noricum (one in Grafenstein, Austria, the other in Ptuj, Slovenia), which do not provide enough information for any conclusions about the nature of the language to be drawn.
after 2nd century AD	Pisidian	Indo-European	southwestern Turkey
ca. 2nd century AD	Celtiberian	Celtic	Spain
2nd century AD	Lusitanian	Indo-European	Portugal; Spain
1st – 2nd century AD	Paeonian	Indo-European	Macedonia; Greece; Bulgaria
1st – 2nd century AD	Iberian	unclassified	Spain; France	The ancient Iberians can be identified as a rather nebulous local culture between the 7th and 1st century BC. The Iberian language, like all the other Paleohispanic languages except Basque, became extinct by the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, after being gradually replaced by Latin.
100 AD	Etruscan	Tyrsenian	central Italy	According to the fourth-century AD Latin writer Servius, a fourth set of Etruscan books existed, dealing with animal gods, but it is unlikely that any scholar living in the fourth century AD could have read Etruscan. The single extant Etruscan book, Liber Linteus, which was written on linen, survived only because it was used as mummy wrappings.
ca. 100 AD	Akkadian	Semitic	Iraq	^[114]
1st century AD	Liburnian	Indo-European	western Croatia
1st century AD	Venetic	Indo-European	northeastern Italy
1st century BC	Elymian	Unclassified languages	western Sicily
1st century BC	Lycian	Indo-European	southwestern Turkey
1st century BC	Lydian	Indo-European	western Turkey
1st century BC	Messapian	Indo-European	Puglia, Italy
1st century BC	Mysian	Indo-European	northwestern Turkey
1st century BC	Oscan	Italic	southern Italy
1st century BC	Sabine	Italic	central Italy
1st century BC	Sicanian	Unclassified languages	central Sicily
1st century BC	Sicel	Indo-European languages	eastern Sicily
1st century BC	Umbrian	Italic	central Italy
100 BC	Vestinian	Italic	east-central Italy
ca. 150 BC	Faliscan	Indo-European	Tuscany/Latium, Italy
ca. 3rd century BC	Volscian	Italic	Italy; Latium
ca. 3rd century BC	Aequian	Italic	Latium, east-central Italy
ca. 3rd century BC	Sidetic	Indo-European	southwestern Turkey
3rd century BC	Carian	Indo-European	southwestern Turkey
ca. 300 BC	Philistine	unclassified, maybe Indo-European	Israel; Lebanon
ca. 300 BC	Scythian	Iranian	Pontic-Caspian steppe, Central Asia	evolved into Sarmatian
4th century BC	Ancient Macedonian	Indo-European	northeastern Greece
ca. 350 BC	Elamite	isolated	Iran; southern Iraq
early 4th century BC	Eteocypriot	isolated/unclassified	Cyprus
ca. 400 BC	Lepontic	Celtic	northern Italy
ca. 4th century BC	Ancient Greek	Hellenic	Ancient Greece	developed into Koiné Greek by the 4th century BC
5th century BC	Ammonite	Semitic	northwestern Jordan
5th century BC	Moabite	Semitic	northwestern Jordan
maybe 5th century BC	Phoenician	Semitic	Lebanon; Israel; Mediterranean coast	evolved into Punic
1st millennium BC	Milyan	Indo-European	Turkey
after 6th century BC	Lemnian	Tyrsenian	Lemnos, Greece	^[115]
6th century BC	Edomite	Semitic	southwestern Jordan
ca. 600 BC	Luwian	Indo-European	Turkey; northern Syria
ca. 600 BC	Egyptian	Afro-Asiatic	Ancient Egypt	evolved into Demotic by 600 BC, into Coptic by 200 AD, and was extinct officially by the 17th century or so. It survives as the liturgical language of the Christian Coptic Church.
7th century BC	Urartian	Hurro-Urartian	Armenia; Georgia; Iraq; Turkey
early 1st millennium BC	Eteocretan	isolated/unclassified	Crete, Greece
ca. 1550-1050 BC	Cypro-Minoan	unclassified	Cyprus	unknown language recorded in the Cypro-Minoan syllabary
ca. 1100 BC	Hittite	Indo-European	Turkey
after 1170 BC	Ugaritic	Semitic	Syria	following the destruction of Ugarit
ca. 1200 BC	Hurrian	Hurro-Urartian	Turkey; Syria; Iraq
ca. 1300 BC	Palaic	Indo-European	northwest Turkey
ca. 1500 BC	Hattic	isolated	Turkey
2nd millennium BC	Eblaite	Semitic	Syria
early 2nd millennium BC	Sumerian	isolated	Iraq	used as a literary and liturgical language until about 100 AD ^[116]

References

^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/last-native-klallam-speaker-dies-in-port-angeles/2014/02/06/d8108c14-8f70-11e3-878e-d76656564a01_story.html
^ http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article3782596.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2013_06_05
^ Romney, Lee. (2013, February 6). Revival of nearly extinct Yurok language is a success story. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 7, 2013
^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2212466/Final-word-Scottish-Cromarty-dialect-silenced-forever-native-speaker-dies-aged-92.html
^ http://www.write2kill.in/critiques/people/376.html
^ http://www.write2kill.in/critiques/people/376.html
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8498534.stm
^ Andamanese tribes, languages die, The Hindu
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^ http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=zmu
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^ John McWhorter,"No Tears For Dead Tongues"[1], Forbes,2/21/2008 @ 6:00PM.
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^ http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=bpt
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^ http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=ilg
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^ ^a ^b http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kzl
^ Munro, Morndi (1996). Emerarra: a man from Merarra. Broome: Magabala Books.
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tcl
^ Dench, Alan (1994). Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
^ Piłsudski, Bronisław; Alfred F. Majewicz (2004). The Collected Works of Bronisław Piłsudski. Trends in Linguistics Series. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter. p. 600. ISBN 9783110176148. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
^ E. F. K. Koerner (1 January 1998). First Person Singular III: Autobiographies by North American Scholars in the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-272-4576-2.
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pno
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Haarmann, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 188
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ggk
^ Hillinger, Charles (1988-08-23). "Indian Woman Is Last Word on Language of the Atsugewi". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=xeg
^ http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=bym
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=wka
^ Brigandi, P. (2009). "Roscinda Nolasquez Remembered". The Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. 9 (1): 3.
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bsl
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mem
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=yvt
^ http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=jng
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=twa
^ Irish Language Instructors
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kwz
^ Barry J. Blake (1979). "Pitta-Pitta". In Robert M. W. Dixon & Barry J. Blake (ed.). Handbook of Australian Languages. Vol. 1. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 183–242. ISBN 90-272-0512-4.
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sdt
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mje
^ http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=44605&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hom
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Vajda, Edward J. Loanwords in Ket; in: Haspelmath, Martin & Uri Tadmor (eds.). "Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook, p. 471. (in press)
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=glv
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=vms
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ccr
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=tWHiDB9rJ5kC&pg=PA208
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bxi
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=UYsxiVYSxscC&pg=PA50
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=chc
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=omu
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pij
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tas
^ Haarmann, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 188.
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=iff
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ktk
^ Ullendorff, Edward. The Ethiopians: An Introduction to Country and People, Second Edition (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 131.
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=3JH-TPFjLk4C&pg=PA80
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nnr
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148
^ Linguist List
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^ Parkvall, Mikael. 2006. Limits of Language, London: Battlebridge; p. 51.
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^ http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/reference-entries/28811400/mbara
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^ http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/2008-038_qyp.pdf
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Ken George, "Cornish", and George & Broderick, "The Revived Languages: Cornish and Manx", in Ball & Müller, eds., 2009, The Celtic Languages, 2nd edition
- Christopher Mosely, ed., 2007, Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
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^ {{cite book}}: Empty citation (help)
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^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=syc
^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sam
^ http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=frk
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^ Haarman, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 125
^ O'Leary, De Lacy Evans (2000). Comparative grammar of the Semitic languages. Routledge. p. 23.
^ http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/LLDescription.cfm?code=akk
^ Haarman, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 124.
^ Joan Oates (1979). Babylon [Revised Edition] Thames and Hudston, Ltd. 1986 p. 30, 52-53.

[1] ttp://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/last-native-klallam-speaker-dies-in-port-angeles/2014/02/06/d8108c14-8f70-11e3-878e-d76656564a01_story.html

[2] ttp://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article3782596.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2013_06_05

[leeromney-3] Romney, Lee. (2013, February 6). Revival of nearly extinct Yurok language is a success story. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 7, 2013

[4] ttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2212466/Final-word-Scottish-Cromarty-dialect-silenced-forever-native-speaker-dies-aged-92.html

[5] ttp://www.write2kill.in/critiques/people/376.html

[6] ttp://www.write2kill.in/critiques/people/376.html

[7] ttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8498534.stm

[8] Andamanese tribes, languages die, The Hindu

[9] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=L4zytHZWB4QC&pg=PA160

[10] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=zmu

[11] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=pth

[12] John McWhorter,"No Tears For Dead Tongues"[1], Forbes,2/21/2008 @ 6:00PM.

[13] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=apq

[14] [2]

[15] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=bpt

[16] ttp://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/nordisk_samekonvensjon.pdf

[17] Rantala, Leif, Aleftina Sergina 2009. Áhkkila sápmelaččat. Oanehis muitalus sámejoavkku birra, man maŋimuš sámegielalaš olmmoš jámii 29.12.2003. Roavvenjárga.

[18] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=ilg

[19] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=aea

[20] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=amz

[21] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=umd

[22] Neidjie, Bill; Stephen Davis; Allan Fox (c. 1985). Kakadu man...Bill Neidjie. Foreword by Clyde Holding. Queanbeyan, N.S.W.: Mybrood. ISBN 978-0-9589458-0-6.

[23] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_country.asp?name=AU

[24] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_country.asp?name=AU

[25] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=dyb

[26] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=dyd

[27] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_country.asp?name=AU

[28] Charles, Mary (1993). Winin - Why the Emu Cannot Fly. Broome, WA: Magabala Books. ISBN 978-1-875641-07-9.

[29] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lhs

[30] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=uz1OmxuNmncC&pg=PA113

[31] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ysr

[kzl-32] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kzl

[33] Munro, Morndi (1996). Emerarra: a man from Merarra. Broome: Magabala Books.

[34] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/language/tcl

[35] Dench, Alan (1994). Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

[36] Piłsudski, Bronisław; Alfred F. Majewicz (2004). The Collected Works of Bronisław Piłsudski. Trends in Linguistics Series. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter. p. 600. ISBN 9783110176148. Retrieved 2012-05-22.

[Koerner1998-37] E. F. K. Koerner (1 January 1998). First Person Singular III: Autobiographies by North American Scholars in the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-272-4576-2.

[38] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pno

[Haarmann188-39] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Haarmann, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 188

[40] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ggk

[41] Hillinger, Charles (1988-08-23). "Indian Woman Is Last Word on Language of the Atsugewi". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2012-10-28.

[42] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=xeg

[43] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=bym

[44] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=wka

[nolasquezRemembered-45] Brigandi, P. (2009). "Roscinda Nolasquez Remembered". The Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. 9 (1): 3.

[46] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bsl

[47] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mem

[48] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=yvt

[49] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=jng

[50] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=twa

[51] Irish Language Instructors

[52] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kwz

[53] Barry J. Blake (1979). "Pitta-Pitta". In Robert M. W. Dixon & Barry J. Blake (ed.). Handbook of Australian Languages. Vol. 1. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 183–242. ISBN 90-272-0512-4.

[54] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sdt

[55] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mje

[56] ttp://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=44605&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

[57] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hom

[Vajda-58] Vajda, Edward J. Loanwords in Ket; in: Haspelmath, Martin & Uri Tadmor (eds.). "Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook, p. 471. (in press)

[59] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=glv

[60] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=vms

[61] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ccr

[62] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148

[63] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=tWHiDB9rJ5kC&pg=PA208

[64] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bxi

[65] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=UYsxiVYSxscC&pg=PA50

[66] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148

[67] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=chc

[68] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148

[69] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=omu

[70] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148

[71] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pij

[72] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tas

[73] Haarmann, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 188.

[74] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=iff

[75] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148

[76] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ktk

[77] Ullendorff, Edward. The Ethiopians: An Introduction to Country and People, Second Edition (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 131.

[78] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=3JH-TPFjLk4C&pg=PA80

[79] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nnr

[80] ttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&pg=PA1148

[81] Linguist List

[82] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ajw

[83] Parkvall, Mikael. 2006. Limits of Language, London: Battlebridge; p. 51.

[84] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fos

[85] "The notebooks of William Dawes". School of Oriental and African Studies and NSW Department of Aboriginal Affairs. Retrieved 21 September 2010.

[86] ttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/reference-entries/28811400/mbara

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[88] ttp://homepage.tinet.ie/~taghmon/histsoc/vol3/chapter4/chapter4.htm

[89] ttp://www.namaruba.org/_media/first-inhabitants.pdf

[90] Haarmann, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 125.

[91] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=cjr

[92] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sjk

[93] Australia’s unspeakable indigenous tragedy / Lainie Anderson, 6 May 2012

[94] "Biography: Shanawdithit". Discovery Collegiate High School Bonavista, Newfoundland. K-12 school Web pages in Newfoundland and Labrador. Retrieved 2009-10-03.

[95] Parkvall, Mikael. 2006. Limits of Language, London: Battlebridge; p. 52.

[96] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=esm

[97] ttp://www.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/2008-038_qyp.pdf

[98] Ken George, "Cornish", and George & Broderick, "The Revived Languages: Cornish and Manx", in Ball & Müller, eds., 2009, The Celtic Languages, 2nd edition
Christopher Mosely, ed., 2007, Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages

Hadumod Bussmann, 1996, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics

P.J Payton, "Cornish", in Brown & Ogilvie, eds., 2009, Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World

Bernard Comrie, ed, 2009, The World's Major Languages, 2nd edition

James Clackson, 2007, Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction

Gareth King, 2003, Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd edition

[99] Christopher Mosely, ed., 2007, Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages

[100] Hadumod Bussmann, 1996, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics

[101] P.J Payton, "Cornish", in Brown & Ogilvie, eds., 2009, Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World

[102] Bernard Comrie, ed, 2009, The World's Major Languages, 2nd edition

[103] James Clackson, 2007, Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction

[104] Gareth King, 2003, Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd edition

[99] {{cite book}}: Empty citation (help)

[100] Kapović (2008, p. 109)

[101] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=ghc

[102] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nkp

[103] |Jackson, Peter Webster (2001). A Pictorial History of Deaf Britain.

[104] Williams, Roger (1827). A key into the language of America. Providence: John Miller. p. 110. Retrieved 2008-12-11. Reprint of a book first published in 1643.

[105] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=gnc

[106] ttp://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Mozarabic/Mozarabic.htm

[107] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tmr

[108] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=syc

[109] ttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sam

[110] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=frk

[111] ttp://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=frk

[112] Haarman, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 125

[113] O'Leary, De Lacy Evans (2000). Comparative grammar of the Semitic languages. Routledge. p. 23.

[114] ttp://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/LLDescription.cfm?code=akk

[115] Haarman, Harald. 2002. Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen. München: Beck; p. 124.

[116] Joan Oates (1979). Babylon [Revised Edition] Thames and Hudston, Ltd. 1986 p. 30, 52-53.

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The list

See also

References