Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009: Difference between revisions
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Image:Solar eclipse diamond ring 22 July 2009 taken by Lutfar Rahman Nirjhar from Bangladesh.jpg|[[Diamond ring effect]] in [[Kurigram District]], Bangladesh |
Image:Solar eclipse diamond ring 22 July 2009 taken by Lutfar Rahman Nirjhar from Bangladesh.jpg|[[Diamond ring effect]] in [[Kurigram District]], Bangladesh |
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Image:Total ecplise of the sun from Panchaghar bangladesh Muntasir mamun imran.JPG|Totality from [[Panchagarh District]], Bangladesh |
Image:Total ecplise of the sun from Panchaghar bangladesh Muntasir mamun imran.JPG|Totality from [[Panchagarh District]], Bangladesh |
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[[File:Partial eclipse in Panchagahr Bangladesh through Xray Film.jpg|thumb|Partial Eclipse from Bangladesh]] [[Panchagarh District]], Bangladesh |
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Image:Solar Eclipse 22 July 2009 taken by Ugyen Dorji from Bhutan.jpg|Totality from [[Thimphu, Bhutan]] |
Image:Solar Eclipse 22 July 2009 taken by Ugyen Dorji from Bhutan.jpg|Totality from [[Thimphu, Bhutan]] |
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Image:在北碚拍摄的贝利珠.jpg|Diamond ring effect in [[Chongqing, China]] |
Image:在北碚拍摄的贝利珠.jpg|Diamond ring effect in [[Chongqing, China]] |
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Image:TOTAL ECLIPSE 20090722 WUZHEN CHINA.jpg|Totality from [[Wuzhen]], China |
Image:TOTAL ECLIPSE 20090722 WUZHEN CHINA.jpg|Totality from [[Wuzhen]], China |
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Image:Kubotake - Diamond ring on 22 Jul. 2009 (by).jpg|Diamond ring effect in [[Kikaijima]], Japan |
Image:Kubotake - Diamond ring on 22 Jul. 2009 (by).jpg|Diamond ring effect in [[Kikaijima]], Japan |
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Revision as of 23:36, 7 April 2024
Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009 | |
---|---|
Type of eclipse | |
Nature | Total |
Gamma | 0.0698 |
Magnitude | 1.0799 |
Maximum eclipse | |
Duration | 399 s (6 min 39 s) |
Coordinates | 24°12′N 144°06′E / 24.2°N 144.1°E |
Max. width of band | 258 km (160 mi) |
Times (UTC) | |
(P1) Partial begin | 23:58:18 |
(U1) Total begin | 0:51:16 |
Greatest eclipse | 2:36:25 |
(U4) Total end | 4:19:26 |
(P4) Partial end | 5:12:25 |
References | |
Saros | 136 (37 of 71) |
Catalog # (SE5000) | 9528 |
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of the orbit on July 22, 2009,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 1.07991. It was the longest total solar eclipse during the 21st century; the longest total solar eclipse during the 3rd millennium will be on 16 July 2186. It lasted a maximum of 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds off the coast of Southeast Asia,[4] causing tourist interest in eastern China, Pakistan, Japan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Its greatest magnitude was 1.07991, occurring only 6 hours, 18 minutes after perigee, with greatest eclipse totality lasting 6 minutes, 38.86 seconds during the Total Solar Eclipse of July 22, 2009.
This was the longest total solar eclipse in the 21st century because totality lasted nearly 6 minutes and 39 seconds.
This is the second eclipse this season, with the first being the July 2009 lunar eclipse. The third eclipse of the season was the August 2009 lunar eclipse.[4][5][6]
It was the 37th eclipse of the 136th Saros cycle, which began with a partial eclipse on June 14, 1360, and will conclude with a partial eclipse on July 30, 2622.
Visibility
A partial eclipse was seen within the broad path of the Moon's penumbra, including most of Southeast Asia (all of Pakistan, India and China) and north-eastern Oceania.
The total eclipse was visible from a narrow corridor through northern India, eastern Nepal, northern Bangladesh, Bhutan, the northern tip of Myanmar, central China and the Pacific Ocean, including the northern part of the Ryukyu Islands, the whole Volcano Islands except South Iwo Jima, Marshall Islands, and Kiribati.
Totality was visible in many large cities, including Dhaka and Dinajpur, and Chapai Nawabganj district in Bangladesh; Surat, Vadodara, Bhopal, Varanasi, Patna, Gaya, Siliguri, Tawang and Guwahati in India; and Chengdu, Nanchong, Chongqing, Yichang, Jingzhou, Wuhan, Huanggang, Hefei, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Huzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Shanghai as well as over the Three Gorges Dam in China. However, in Shanghai, the largest city in the eclipse's path, the view was obscured by heavy clouds.[7][8] According to NASA, the Japanese island Kitaio Jima was predicted to have the best viewing conditions[9][10] featuring both longer viewing time (being the closest point of land to the point of greatest eclipse) and lower cloud cover statistics than all of continental Asia.
The eclipse, and the reaction of thousands of observers at Varanasi was captured by the Science Channel Wonders of the Universe series hosted by Brian Cox.[11]
This eclipse may be the most-viewed total solar eclipse in history, with 30 million people in Shanghai and Hangzhou alone.[12]
Observations
Thousands of pilgrims gathered on the banks of the Ganges River in Varanasi, India to experience the eclipse as a religious or spiritual event. Some people expected that there would be a relationship, either positive or negative, between their health and the occurrence of the eclipse.[13]
Indian scientists observed the solar eclipse from an Indian Air Force plane.[14]
The Chinese government used the opportunity to provide scientific education and to dispel any superstition. A flight by China Eastern Airlines from Wuhan to Shanghai took a slight detour and followed the course of the eclipse to allow longer observation time for the scientists on board.
Observers in Japan were excited by the prospect of experiencing the first eclipse in 46 years, but found the experience dampened by cloudy skies obscuring the view.
In Bangladesh, where the eclipse lasted approximately 3 minutes and 44 seconds, thousands of people were able to witness the eclipse despite rain and overcast skies.
Duration
This solar eclipse was the longest total solar eclipse to occur in the 21st century, and will not be surpassed in duration until 13 June 2132 (Saros 139, ascending node). Totality lasted for up to 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds (0.14 seconds shorter than 6 minutes and 39 seconds), with the maximum eclipse occurring in the ocean at 02:35:21 UTC about 100 km south of the Bonin Islands, southeast of Japan. The uninhabited North Iwo Jima island was the landmass with totality time closest to maximum, while the closest inhabited point was Akusekijima, where the eclipse lasted 6 minutes and 26 seconds.[15]
The cruise ship Costa Classica was chartered specifically to view this eclipse and by viewing the eclipse at the point of maximum duration and cruising along the centerline during the event, duration was extended to 6 minutes, 42 seconds.
The eclipse was part of Saros series 136, descending node, as was the solar eclipse of July 11, 1991, which was slightly longer, lasting up to 6 minutes 53.08 seconds (previous eclipses of the same saros series on June 30, 1973, and June 20, 1955, were longer, lasting 7 min 03.55 and 7 min 07.74, respectively). The next event from this series will be on August 2, 2027 (6 minutes and 22.64 seconds).[16] The exceptional duration was a result of the Moon being near perigee, with the apparent diameter of the Moon 7.991% larger than the Sun (magnitude 1.07991) and the Earth being near aphelion[17] where the Sun appeared slightly smaller.
In contrast the annular solar eclipse of January 26, 2009 (Saros 131, ascending node) occurred 3.3 days after lunar apogee and 7.175% smaller apparent diameter to the sun. And the next solar eclipse of January 15, 2010 (Saros 141, ascending node) was also annular, 1.8 days before lunar apogee, with the Moon 8.097% smaller than the Sun.
Photo gallery
Totality
-
Totality from Varanasi, India
-
Diamond ring effect in Kurigram District, Bangladesh
-
Totality from Panchagarh District, Bangladesh
-
Totality from Thimphu, Bhutan
-
Diamond ring effect in Chongqing, China
-
Totality from Hangzhou, China
-
Totality from Wuzhen, China
-
Diamond ring effect in Kikaijima, Japan
Partial
-
Partial from New Delhi, India
-
Partial from Kolkata, India
-
Partial from Kharagpur, India
-
Eclipse progression from Wuhan, China
-
Partial from Beijing, China
-
Partial from Tianjin, China
-
Partial from Sheung Shui, Hong Kong
-
Partial from Quezon City, Philippines
-
Partial from Makati City, Philippines
-
Partial from Taichung, Taiwan
-
Partial from Incheon, South Korea
-
Partial from Miyazaki City, Japan
-
Partial from Honolulu, HI
View from space
The Terrain Mapping Camera in the Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission was used to image the earth during the eclipse.[18]
It was also observed by the Japanese geostationary satellite MTSAT:[19]
12:30 UT (pre-eclipse) |
1:30 UT |
Close up at 1:30 UT |
Related eclipses
Eclipses of 2009
- An annular solar eclipse on January 26.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on February 9.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on July 7.
- A total solar eclipse on July 22.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on August 6.
- A partial lunar eclipse on December 31.
This total eclipse was the second in the series of three eclipses in a one-month period, with two minor penumbral lunar eclipses, first on July 7 and last on August 6.
Tzolkinex
- Preceded: Solar eclipse of June 10, 2002
- Followed: Solar eclipse of September 1, 2016
Half-Saros cycle
- Preceded: Lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000
- Followed: Lunar eclipse of July 27, 2018
Tritos
- Preceded: Solar eclipse of August 22, 1998
- Followed: Solar eclipse of June 21, 2020
Solar Saros 136
- Preceded: Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991
- Followed: Solar eclipse of August 2, 2027
Inex
- Preceded: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1980
- Followed: Solar eclipse of July 2, 2038
Triad
- Preceded: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922
- Followed: Solar eclipse of May 22, 2096
Solar eclipses 2008–2011
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[20]
The partial solar eclipses on June 1, 2011 and November 25, 2011 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
Solar eclipse series sets from 2008 to 2011 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
121 Partial in Christchurch, New Zealand |
February 7, 2008 Annular |
−0.95701 | 126 Totality in Kumul, Xinjiang, China |
August 1, 2008 Total |
0.83070 | |
131 Annularity in Palangka Raya, Indonesia |
January 26, 2009 Annular |
−0.28197 | 136 Totality in Kurigram District, Bangladesh |
July 22, 2009 Total |
0.06977 | |
141 Annularity in Jinan, Shandong, China |
January 15, 2010 Annular |
0.40016 | 146 Totality in Hao, French Polynesia |
July 11, 2010 Total |
−0.67877 | |
151 Partial in Poland |
January 4, 2011 Partial |
1.06265 | 156 | July 1, 2001 Partial |
−1.49171 |
Saros series
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 136, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 14, 1360. It contains annular eclipses from September 8, 1504 through November 12, 1594; hybrid eclipses from November 22, 1612 through January 17, 1703; and total eclipses from January 27, 1721 through May 13, 2496. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 30, 2622. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 9 at 32 seconds on September 8, 1504, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 34 at 7 minutes, 7.74 seconds on June 20, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[21]
Series members 26–47 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
---|---|---|
26 | 27 | 28 |
March 24, 1811 |
April 3, 1829 |
April 15, 1847 |
29 | 30 | 31 |
April 25, 1865 |
May 6, 1883 |
May 18, 1901 |
32 | 33 | 34 |
May 29, 1919 |
June 8, 1937 |
June 20, 1955 |
35 | 36 | 37 |
June 30, 1973 |
July 11, 1991 |
July 22, 2009 |
38 | 39 | 40 |
August 2, 2027 |
August 12, 2045 |
August 24, 2063 |
41 | 42 | 43 |
September 3, 2081 |
September 14, 2099 |
September 26, 2117 |
44 | 45 | 46 |
October 7, 2135 |
October 17, 2153 |
October 29, 2171 |
47 | ||
November 8, 2189 |
Metonic cycle
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
July 22 | May 9–11 | February 26–27 | December 14–15 | October 2–3 |
116 | 118 | 120 | 122 | 124 |
July 22, 1971 |
May 11, 1975 |
February 26, 1979 |
December 15, 1982 |
October 3, 1986 |
126 | 128 | 130 | 132 | 134 |
July 22, 1990 |
May 10, 1994 |
February 26, 1998 |
December 14, 2001 |
October 3, 2005 |
136 | 138 | 140 | 142 | 144 |
July 22, 2009 |
May 10, 2013 |
February 26, 2017 |
December 14, 2020 |
October 2, 2024 |
146 | 148 | 150 | 152 | 154 |
July 22, 2028 |
May 9, 2032 |
February 27, 2036 |
December 15, 2039 |
October 3, 2043 |
156 | ||||
July 22, 2047 |
Notes
- ^ "Full solar eclipse turns the day to night in Asia". The Bismarck Tribune. 2009-07-23. p. 7. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Celestial awe, fear". Leader-Telegram. 2009-07-23. p. C10. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Asia shrouded in daytime darkness in longest eclipse until 2132". The Star-Democrat. 2009-07-23. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b (AFP) – 6 days ago. "AFP: Solar eclipse sparks tourism fever in China". Retrieved 2009-07-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Scientists: China the best place to observe longest solar eclipse in 2,000 years_English_Xinhua". News.xinhuanet.com. 2009-07-22. Archived from the original on May 21, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "Indian students on solar eclipse 'odyssey' to China – Yahoo! India News". In.news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ 99.56% totality was observed in Kamat Maath, Binodpur, Chapai Nawabgan, the western part of Bangladesh.
In Sichuan province, China, 150 km southwest of Chengdu many people ascended Mount Emei to view the eclipse. While viewing conditions were not ideal due to thick cloud cover, typical of this region and altitude, the effects were reported as impressive. The summit of Mt. Emei contains numerous Buddhist temples and statues, as well as a large candle and incense lighting ceremony/area. During the eclipse day turned to night, leaving only the candles to cast a unique lighting on the adjacent Buddhist statues and buildings.
"NASA – Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22". NASA.gov. Retrieved 2009-07-22. - ^ Weather conditions for cities in China during the July 22 eclipse (in Chinese)
- ^ "NASA Map" (PDF).
- ^ Espenak, Fred. "Total Solar Eclipse of July 2009" (PDF).
- ^ "The Solar Eclipse In Varanasi - Wonders of the Solar System - Series 1 Episode 1 Preview - BBC Two". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13.
- ^ "Solar Eclipse on July 22 May Be Most Viewed Ever". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2009.
- ^ "Indians enthralled by solar eclipse". Chinadaily.com.cn. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "Khabrein.info". Khabrein.info. Archived from the original on July 28, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Island « Total Eclipse.Jp". Totaleclipse.jp. Archived from the original on 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "August 2, 2027 Total Solar Eclipse". Tierrayestrellas.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (3 July 2009). "Perihelion and Aphelion". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "Chandrayaan-1". ISRO. Archived from the original on February 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "Eclipse Shadows Southeastern China : Image of the Day". nasa.gov. 23 July 2009.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 136". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
References
- NASA homepage for July 22, 2009 total solar eclipse
- Interactive map of the eclipse from NASA
- Jay Anderson, Weather and Maps for the Total Solar Eclipse 2009 July 22 00:54 – 04:12 UT
Pre-eclipse news:
- Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009: Time & Place in Indian cities Archived July 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- The Longest eclipse of the 21st century time – July 22, 2009
- The 21st century’s longest total solar eclipse to be Internet broadcast worldwide
- How To Watch July 22, 2009 Total Solar Eclipse Live On Web
- City of Brass at Beliefnet.com: The longest solar eclipse of the 21st century
- Solar Eclipse Could Create Chaos AP
- Watch Solar eclipse live from Guwahati Archived 2009-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
- July eclipse is best chance to look for gravity anomaly New Scientist
- Solar eclipse: All roads lead to Bihar Archived 2009-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
Photos:
- Spaceweather.com gallery
- Total Solar Eclipse, July 22, 2009, from China by Jay Pasachoff
- Enewetak, Marshall Islands. Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site
- MTSAT-1R visible satellite imagery of the solar eclipse shadow (CIMSS Satellite Blog)
- The 2009 Eclipse in China
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Eclipse over Chongqing, China (24 July 2009)
- August 8, 2009, Diamonds in a Cloudy Sky, totality in clouds from Wuhan, China APOD
External links
- Bauer, Amanda (2009). "Solar Eclipse". Sixty Symbols. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham.