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East Riding of Yorkshire
Geography
Status Ceremonial county and (smaller) Unitary district
Origin Historic division
Region Yorkshire and the Humber
Area
- Total
- District
- District area 		Ranked 23rd
2,479 km²
Ranked
2,409 km²
Admin. HQ Beverley
ISO 3166-2 GB-ERY (excludes Hull)
ONS code 00FB
NUTS 3 UKE11/12
Chapman code ERY
Demographics
Population
- Total (2022)
- Density
- District
- District. pop. 		Ranked 37th
615,161
/ km²
Ranked
Ethnicity 98.3% White
1.1% S.Asian[1]
Politics
File:Eastridingarms.PNG

East Riding of Yorkshire Council
http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/
Leadership Leader & Cabinet
Executive Conservative
Members of Parliament
Districts
  1. East Riding of Yorkshire (Unitary)
  2. Kingston upon Hull (Unitary)

The East Riding of Yorkshire, or simply East Yorkshire is a local government district with unitary authority status, and a ceremonial county of England. For ceremonial purposes the county also includes the city of Kingston upon Hull, which is a separate unitary authority. Named after the historic East Riding of Yorkshire (one of three ridings alongside the North Riding and West Riding), which also constituted a ceremonial and administrative county until 1974. From 1974 to 1996 the area of the modern East Riding of Yorkshire constituted the northern part of the non-metropolitan county of Humberside.

The landscape consists of a crescent of low chalk hills, the Yorkshire Wolds, surrounded by the low lying fertile plains of Holderness and the Vale of York. The Humber Estuary and North Sea mark it's southern and eastern limits. There are few large settlements and no industrial centres. The area is administered from the ancient market and ecclesiastical town of Beverley. Christianity is the religion with the largest following in the area and there is a higher than average percentage of retired people living there. The economy is mainly based on agriculture and this, along with tourism, has contributed to the rural and seaside character of the Riding.

On the southern border the Humber Bridge spans the Humber Estuary to enable the A15 to link Hessle, west of Hull, with Barton-upon-Humber in Lincolnshire. Sites of interest include many historic buildings, nature reserves and the Wolds Way long distance footpath.

Administrative history

Main article: History of the East Riding of Yorkshire

The administrative division of the East Riding of Yorkshire originated in antiquity. Unlike most counties in Great Britain, which were divided anciently into hundreds, Yorkshire was divided first into three ridings and then into numerous wapentakes within each riding.[2] The separate Lieutenancy for the riding was established after the Restoration, and the ridings each had separate Quarter Sessions.[3] For statistical purposes in the 19th century an East Riding of Yorkshire registration county was designated, consisting of the entirety of the poor law unions of Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden, Hull, Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh and York.[4] A county council for the East Riding of Yorkshire was set up in 1889, covering an administrative county which did not cover the county borough of Hull, but otherwise had the same boundaries as the historic riding. Both the administrative county and the historic Lieutenancy were abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974, with most of the riding going to form the northern part of Humberside. The creation of this cross-Humber authority was unpopular and this culminated with the local government review in the 1990s, which saw Humberside abolished and the northern part form two unitary authorities.[5] The East Riding district was formed on 1 April 1996. The ceremonial county, the area in which the Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire represents the Crown, was re-established the same day, covering Hull as well as the district.[6] The district is entirely parished: Hull has no parishes. From 1996 Beverley had Charter Trustees to maintain the charter of the borough of Beverley: these were replaced by a Beverley Town Council in 1999, and Bridlington was parished in 1999. The unparished area consisting of the urban district of Haltemprice was divided into various parishes in 1999 and 2000.[7]

History

Before the last Ice Age the eastern coastline of the area was located along the eastern foot of the Yorkshire Wolds where remnants of beaches have been discovered. The North Sea ice sheet deposited huge amounts of boulder clay as it retreated and this subsequently formed a wet and swampy area which became the plain of Holderness.[8] Another ice sheet in the Vale of York retreated at the same time leaving thick glacial deposits and two prominent moraines to the west of the Wolds. These Vale of York deposits also formed wetlands. The Wolds themselves were largely ice free, well drained, chalk uplands.[9] Gradually the tundra conditions that had existed as the ice retreated gave way to vegetation that could support grazing fauna. Because a lot of water was still locked in the northern ice sheets, sea level was much lower than at the present day and an area of land stretched eastwards to the low countries. The hunter gatherers of the Palaeolithic followed the animal herds across the land between continental Europe and Britain.[10]

As conditions improved and vegetation became more able to support a greater diversity of animals the annual range of seasonal movement by Mesolithic communities decreased, and people became more fixed to particular localities. Until about 6,000 BC, Mesolithic people appear to have exploited their environment as they found it. As communities came to rely on a smaller territorial range and as population levels increased, attempts began to be made to modify or control the natural world. In the Great Wold Valley pollen samples of Mesolithic date, indicate that the forest cover in the area was being disturbed and altered by man, and that open grasslands were being created.[11] The Yorkshire Wolds became a major focus for human settlement during the Neolithic period as they had a wide range of natural resources. The oldest monuments found on the Wolds are the Neolithic long barrows and round barrows. Two earthen long barrows in the region are at found at Fordon, on Willerby Wold, and at Kilham, both of which have radiocarbon dates of around 3700 BC.[12]

From around 2000 to 800 BC the people of the Bronze Age built the 1,400 Bronze Age round barrows that are known to exist on the Yorkshire Wolds. These are found both in isolation and grouped together to form cemeteries. Many of these sites can still be seen as prominent features in the present-day landscape. By the later Bronze Age, an open, cleared, landscape predominated on the Wolds. It was used for grazing and also for arable cultivation. The wetlands on either side of the Wolds in the River Hull valley, Holderness and the Vale of York were also being used for animal rearing at this time.[13] In the Iron Age there were further cultural changes in the area. There emerged a distinctive local tradition known as the Arras Culture, named after a site at Arras, near Market Weighton. There are similarities between the chariot burials of the Arras Culture and groups of La Tene burials in northern Europe, where the burial of carts was also practised. The area became the kingdom of the tribe known as the Parisii.[9]

After invading Britain in 43 AD the Romans crossed the Humber Estuary in 71 AD to invade the Northumbrian territory of the Parisii tribe. From their bridgehead at Petuaria they travelled northwards and built roads along the Wolds to Derventio, present day Malton, and then westwards to the River Ouse where they built the fort of Eboracum.[14] There is evidence of extensive use of the light soils of the Wolds for grain farming in the Roman era. Several Roman villas which were the centres of large agricultural estates have been identified around Langton and Rudston. In the low lying lands on either side of the Wolds there was an increase in the number of settlements between 500 BC and 500 AD as the land became drier and more accessible due to a fall in sea level. The lower lying land was used for stock breeding.[13] During the last years of Roman occupation Anglo-Saxon raiders were troubling the area and by the second half of the fifth century settlement by Anglian invaders was taking place in east Yorkshire. Village names containing the elements -ing, -ingham or -ham are Anglian settlement names. As Christianity became established in the area from the seventh century onwards several cemeteries like the one at Garton on the Wolds show evidence of the abandonment of pagan burial practices.[14] In 867 AD the Great Danish Army captured the Anglian town of York and the remnants of the army settled in Yorkshire from 876 AD when their leader Halfdan shared out the land among them. Scandinavian settlements have names including the elements -by and -thorpe. Scandinavian rule in the area came to an end in 954 AD with the death of their ruler Eric Bloodaxe.[14]

After the Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066 AD, the land in the East Riding was granted to followers of the new Norman king and ecclesiastical institutions. When some of the northern earls rebelled, William retaliated with the Harrying of the North which laid waste many East Riding villages. The land was then distributed among powerful barons, such as the Count of Aumale in Holderness and the Percy family in the Wolds and the Vale of York. These lay lords and ecclesiastical institutions continued to improve and drain their holdings throughout the middle ages in order to maximise the rents that they could charge for them.[9]

In the mid sixteenth century Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries, resulting in the large areas of land owned by Meaux Abbey, Bridlington Priory and other monastic holdings being confiscated. The crown subsequently sold these large tracts of land into private ownership. Along with the land already belonging to lay owners they formed some of the vast estate holdings which continued to exist in the Riding until the twentieth century.[14]

The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw first the expansion of canals and then the construction of rail links. These primarily served the agricultural community in helping to get their products to the expanding industrial markets in the West Riding of Yorkshire and to the port of Kingston upon Hull for export. The rail links served also to transport holidaymakers to the expanding coastal resorts of Bridlington, Hornsea and Withernsea. The canals and canalisation of some of the rivers helped to aid drainage in such of the low lying ill drained areas that then still existed. The landscape in the East Riding had changed little since the enclosure of the open fields except for the removal of some hedgerows to allow for the use of large agricultural machinery in the twentieth century.[14]

Geography

Location

As a ceremonial county, the East Riding of Yorkshire borders North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and includes the city of Kingston upon Hull, which is a separate unitary authority. As a district the East Riding borders North East Lincolnshire, beyond the Humber estuary; North Lincolnshire, beyond the Humber and on land; Hull, Doncaster, Selby, York, Ryedale and Scarborough.

Geology

Solid geology of the East Riding

Geologically the East Riding district is split into three parts. The western part is the eastern section of the Vale of York with the southern extension into the Humberhead Levels. In this area these is a belt of sandstones overlain by glacial and lake deposits formed at the close of the last Ice age. The middle part is the Yorkshire Wolds, a chalk formation which extends from the Humber at North Ferriby to the coast at Flamborough Head, a chalk headland. The south-east of the district is the low-lying coastal plain of Holderness, which faces east to the North Sea, and to the south drains into the Humber estuary. South of Flamborough Head is Bridlington, which features a number of beaches, and at the far south-east of the district is the Spurn peninsula.[8]

Landscape

The Wolds area takes the form of an elevated, gently rolling plateau, cut by numerous deep, steep-sided, flat-bottomed valleys of glacial origin. The chalk formation of the hills provides exceptionally good drainage, with the result that most of these valleys are dry. Surface water is quite scarce throughout the Wolds.[15] At Flamborough Head the Wolds rise up to form high chalk cliffs, where there are water worn caves and stacks along the shore. Flamborough Headland is designated a Heritage Coast.[16] Visitors have been warned by the Humber Coastguard to be very careful on coastal paths near Flamborough Head.[17]

The chalk cliffs at Flamborough Head

The Holderness landscape is dominated by deposits of till, boulder clays and glacial lake clays. These were deposited during the Devensian glaciation. The glacial deposits form a more or less continuous lowland plain which has some peat filled depressions (known locally as meres) which mark the presence of former lake beds. There are other glacial landscape features such as drumlin mounds, ridges and kettle holes scattered throughout the area. The well drained glacial deposits provide fertile soils that can support intensive arable cultivation. Fields are generally large and bounded by drainage ditches. There is very little woodland in the area and this leads to a landscape that is essentially rural but very flat and exposed.[18]

The Holderness coastline suffers the highest rate of coastal erosion in Europe: 5 feet (1.5 m) a year on average or 2 million tonnes of material a year.[19] Some of this is transported by longshore drift with about 3% of material being deposited at Spurn Head spit, to the south. The coastline has retreated noticeably in the last 2,000 years with many former settlements now flooded, particularly Ravenser Odd and Ravenspurn, which was a major port until its destruction in the 14th century.[20][21] Erosion is an ongoing concern in the area. The East Riding of Yorkshire Council have been carrying out cliff erosion defences between Sewerby and Kilnsea since 1951.[22] The Holderness area drains mostly into the Humber and the eponymous River Hull drains the area north of Kingston upon Hull

The western part of the district in the Vale of York borders on and is drained by the River Derwent. The landscape is generally low lying and flat although minor ridges and glacial moraines provide some variations in topography. Where there are dry sandy soils there are remnants of historic heathlands and ancient semi natural woodlands. Arable fields dominate the land cover of the area and grasslands are infrequent. There are very few flood meadows left although some significant areas remain on the lower reaches of the River Derwent.[23]

Climate

As part of the United Kingdom, the East Riding of Yorkshire generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winter anticyclones bring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions which can lead to drought particularly on the Wolds. For its latitude this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the Gulf Stream in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night and January is the coldest time of the year. The two dominant influences on the climate of the area are the shelter against the worst of the moist westerly winds provided by the Pennines and the proximity of the North Sea.

Climate data for High Mowthorpe:
Average maximum and minimum temperatures, and average rainfall recorded between 1971 and 2000 by the Met Office.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		7.8
(46.0) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.2
(66.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		16.2
(61.2) 		12.1
(53.8) 		8.0
(46.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		11.6
(52.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.3
(32.5) 		0.5
(32.9) 		1.8
(35.2) 		3.1
(37.6) 		5.6
(42.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		10.5
(50.9) 		10.6
(51.1) 		9.0
(48.2) 		6.4
(43.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		1.3
(34.3) 		5.1
(41.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 68.7
(2.70) 		48.1
(1.89) 		59.2
(2.33) 		54.8
(2.16) 		52.8
(2.08) 		62.1
(2.44) 		53.4
(2.10) 		56.9
(2.24) 		61.4
(2.42) 		68.2
(2.69) 		68.0
(2.68) 		75.8
(2.98) 		729.4
(28.72)
Source: Met Office[24]

The High Mowthorpe weather station is in the East Riding on the Yorkshire Wolds but areas in Holderness which are lower and nearer to the sea have generally milder weather.

Governance

The East Riding of Yorkshire Council is based in Beverley, in the former headquarters of Humberside County Council, and East Riding County Council before that. There are twenty six wards electing a total of 67 councillors in the District.[25] The council elects on a four-yearly cycle with all seats up for election at the same time. It first had elections in 1995 - a year before it came into its powers - as a shadow authority. Between 1995 and 2007 the council had no overall control, however in the 2007 local elections the Conservative Party gained a majority of seats, including those of the Liberal Democrat and Labour Party leaders'. The council has a leader-and-executive system, the leader being Stephen Parnaby of the Conservatives. In the Audit Commission report covering 2007 the council was given a four star rating which places the authority as one of the best in the country.[26][27]

2007 local election results

East Riding of Yorkshire Council Election Result 2007[28][29]
Party Seats Gains Losses Net gain/loss Seats % Votes % Votes +/−
  Conservative 47 18 0 +18 69.1 46.7 111,272
  Liberal Democrats 12 0 10 -10 17.6 28.6 68,149
  Labour 3 0 5 -5 4.4 13.4 32,051
  Independent 5 0 3 -3 7.4 7.0 16,791
  SDP 1 0 1 -1 1.5 1.5 3,453
  BNP 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 2,736
  Green 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 1,821
  English Democrat 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1,156

For representation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom the bulk of the East Riding district is divided into three county constituencies: Beverley and Holderness, East Yorkshire and Haltemprice and Howden, which are all Conservative-held. One of Hull's three borough constituencies, Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle, spills into the area, as does Brigg and Goole, otherwise in North Lincolnshire. All the Hull seats are Labour-held, with Hull East being the seat of the former Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott.

For the European Parliament it lies within the Yorkshire and the Humber constituency, which in the June 2009 European Election, elected two Conservative, one Labour, one UKIP, one Liberal Democrat and one British National Party MEPs.[30]

Demographics

Religion in the East Riding 2001[31]
UK Census 2001 E Riding Yorkshire England
Christian 79.67% 73.07% 71.74%
No religion 11.90% 14.09% 14.59%
Muslim 0.27% 3.81% 3.1%
Buddhist 0.13% 0.14% 0.28%
Hindu 0.18% 0.32% 1.11%
Jewish 0.13% 0.23% 0.52%
Sikh 0.06% 0.38% 0.67%
Other religions 0.16% 0.19% 0.29%
Religion not stated 7.50% 7.77% 7.69%

Until 1 April 2009, the East Riding was the largest district and the largest unitary authority in England by area and the second largest non-metropolitan district in England by population. Following the 2009 structural changes to local government in England it fell to fifth place by area and sixth place by population.[32]

The East Riding of Yorkshire covers 240,768 hectares (930 sq mi) and has a population of 332,977 (2007 ONS mid-year estimates), a density of 1.4 people per hectare.[33] The most populous parishes in the main 2001 census were Bridlington (34,000), Goole (17,000), Beverley (17,000), Cottingham (17,000, part of the Hull urban area), Hessle (15,000, by Hull), Driffield (11,000), Anlaby with Anlaby Common (10,000, by Hull), Hornsea (8,000) and Willerby (8,000, by Hull), Pocklington (8,000) and Elloughton-cum-Brough (7,000). Half the district's population reside in these 11 parishes, with the other half living in the other 160 parishes. In comparison, Hull's population according to the same census was 243,589. The population density of the district was around 135 people per square km, which made it the least densely populated unitary authority after the Isles of Scilly, Rutland and Herefordshire.

The East Riding has a larger than average number of residents aged 40 and above.[33] There is a particularly strong deficit in the number of young adults.[34] There is a higher than average level of car ownership. However, 26.9% of all households do not have a car. Less than 5% of the population travel to work by public transport compared with 15% nationally.[33] The district is one of the least ethnically diverse, with the census reporting 98.8% of the inhabitants being white. Hull itself is also quite monoethnic for a city of its size, with the census reporting 97.7% white.

The crime rate in the East Riding is lower than the national average in robbery, sexual offences, theft of a vehicle, theft from a vehicle, violence against a person and burglary.[35]

Christianity is the religion with the largest following in the area with 79.67% residents reporting themselves as Christian in the 2001 census. These census figures show no other single religion returned affiliation, as a percentage of population, above the national average for England. At the time of the 2001 UK census the population of the East Riding was 314,113 and its ethnic composition was 96.80% white, compared with the English average of 90.92%. The area has a slightly higher elderly population, of 24.0% in 2008, than the national average.[31]

Economy

Easington gas terminal
Beverley on market day

The district is generally rural, with no towns approaching the size of Hull. There are a few market towns such as Beverley, Driffield, Goole, Market Weighton and Pocklington, and the coastal towns of Bridlington, Hornsea and Withernsea. In the south the district contains areas such as Hessle which are part of the Hull urban area but outside the city boundaries. Rural areas tend to have a greater business stock than urban areas reflecting the number of agricultural businesses and small businesses in rural areas. This is shown by the fact that 20% of all VAT registered businesses in the East Riding are in agriculture and related sectors, although the number of such businesses fell by 40% between 1997–2003.[36] Easington, on the coast, is the site of a natural gas terminal, Easington Gas Terminal, used for the Langeled pipeline, as well as three other gas terminals operated by BP and Centrica.[37]

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of East Riding of Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.[38]

Year Regional Gross Value Added[a] Agriculture[b] Industry[c] Services[d]
1995 2,708 299 896 1,513
2000 3,006 209 1,090 1,707
2003 3,783 233 1,106 2,444
a Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
b includes hunting and forestry
c includes energy and construction
d includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

The East Riding is characterised by a high employment rate and a relatively low unemployment level. The overall unemployment rate is 4.3%, which is 1.2% lower than the national average. However, there are unemployment hotspots in Bridlington, Goole and Withernsea.[33] Unemployment levels tend to fluctuate over the course of the year with lower levels during the summer months due to increased employment in the tourism and food production sectors.

The East Riding of Yorkshire Council has joined Hull City Council, North East Lincolnshire and North Lincolnshire Councils in the Hull and Humber Ports City Region Partnership.[39]

Transport

Humber Bridge

The East Riding has only a small segment of motorway. Part of the M62 serves to link the Hull area to West Yorkshire and the national motorway network, while the M18 incidentally passes the district border near Goole. Primary roads in the district include the A63, A164, A165, A1034, A166, A1033 and the A1079.

Hull Paragon is a large railway station, served by lines to the west including London, (the Sheffield to Hull Line, running to Sheffield and Doncaster and the Hull to York Line, running to York and Selby), and to the north (the Yorkshire Coast Line, which serves Scarborough). See Railway stations in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

Train operators active in the area include Northern Rail, NXEC and TransPennine Express. Hull Trains are an 'open access' operator established in 2002 running frequent services to and from Kings Cross from Kingston upon Hull, Brough and Howden. Bus services are provided by several operators including First Group which provides services from the East Riding into York, Goole Town Service and also services from Goole to Doncaster. Stagecoach provides services from the East Riding to Hull and into Lincolnshire and East Yorkshire Motor Services has a wide variety of bus services throughout the East Riding. Yorkshire Coastliner provides services from Bridlington to Malton, York and Leeds.[40]

The Humber Bridge, a road-only bridge, and part of the A15, links Hessle, west of Hull, with Barton-upon-Humber in Lincolnshire. West of this the next crossing of the river (the Ouse at this point) are three bridges near Goole, a railway bridge, the M62 bridge and the A614. Humberside Airport, is located in Lincolnshire.

Towns and villages

See also: List of civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire and Category:Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire
File:East Riding.jpg
Map showing roads and population centres in the East Riding of Yorkshire unitary authority.

Excluding Kingston upon Hull, there are several areas of settlement in the East Riding each giving rise to distinctive types of small to medium sized towns and villages. Cottingham and Willerby are exceptional in that they are suburban villages which are almost contiguous with the Hull urban area. Bridlington is the most populous of the coastal settlements which also include Flamborough, Hornsea, Withernsea and Aldbrough. Towns and villages on the flat agricultural area of Holderness are Hedon and Roos and nestling in the Great Wold Valley is Rudston. Along the eastern foot of the Wolds lie Beverley, Bishop Burton, Driffield and Lockington. In the low lying lands close to the Humber Estuary are Goole, Brough, North Ferriby, Hessle and Kirk Ella. Stamford Bridge, Pocklington, Market Weighton, Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, Howden and South Cave all lie to the north and west of the area, between the River Derwent and the scarp slope of the Wolds.

Education

See also: List of schools in the East Riding of Yorkshire

The East Riding local education authority supports 150 schools of which 131 are primary schools and 19 are secondary schools.[41] The total net spending per head of population on education rose from £578.08 in 2006/07 to £632.88 in 2007/08.[33] In 2009 primary school test results showed a slide down the national performance table for the East Riding as the East Riding authority dropped eight places down the national league table to 28th after other education authorities improved more in the tests.[42][43]

At secondary level the authority slipped seven places to 39th out of 149 authorities, despite producing the best set of GCSE results since the inception of East Riding Council in 1996. The percentage of students achieving five or more good GCSEs, at grades A*–C including maths and English, rose to 52.5 per cent, from 50.8 per cent in 2007. This is significantly above the national average of 47.6 per cent.[44][45]

Religious sites

Most of the East Riding is in the East Riding Archdeaconry of the Church of England Diocese of York. The archdeaconry includes the Yorkshire Wolds and the City of Hull, with a coastline extending from Scarborough and Bridlington in the north to Spurn Point. The Middlesbrough Roman Catholic diocese covers the East Riding of Yorkshire and North Yorkshire, together with the City of York. Notable religious sites include Beverley Minster and Bridlington Priory along with the historic parish church of St Augustine, Hedon, known as the 'King of Holderness',[46] which is a Grade I listed building. The Sykes Churches Trail is a tour of East Yorkshire churches which were built, rebuilt or restored by the Sykes family of Sledmere House in the nineteenth century.

Sport and leisure

KC Stadium, Hull

Hull is the main centre for national-level sport in the region. Hull City A.F.C. earned promotion to the Premier League on 24 May 2008 with a victory over Bristol City. Bridlington Town A.F.C. play in the Northern Counties East League Premier Division.[47] There are two professional rugby league teams based in Hull: Hull FC and Hull Kingston Rovers both teams play in the Super League. Bridlington Rugby Union Football Club play at Dukes Park in Bridlington. The Hull Stingrays ice hockey team play in the highest tier of the sport, the Elite League.[48] Horse racing is catered for at Beverley Racecourse on the Westwood to the west of Beverley. What the organisers claim is the world's oldest horse race, the Kiplingcotes Derby, has been held annually in the East Riding since 1519.[49] There are more than a dozen golf clubs in the Riding including the cliff top course at Flamborough. The Royal Yorkshire Yacht Club is based at Bridlington and flying and gliding take place from the Pocklington airfield and Eddsfield airfield.[50]

Public services

Hornsea fire station

Both the East Riding and Hull are still covered by the Humberside Police area and the Humberside Fire and Rescue Service.[51][52] Piped water is supplied by Yorkshire Water who also maintain the sewerage system.[53] About 1% of the population use water from private supplies. They are usually in the more remote parts of the East Riding. The majority are bore holes but they can be wells or natural springs.[54] NHS East Riding of Yorkshire provides health services such as district nursing, health visiting, school nursing, intermediate care and therapy services. It works with local GP practices, pharmacists, dentists, optometrists and ambulance services to provide a primary healthcare service.[55] Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust provides hospitals at Castle Hill Hospital, Hull Royal Infirmary, and the Princess Royal Hospital in Hull as well as Beverley Westwood Hospital.[56] Scarborough and North East Yorkshire Healthcare NHS Trust runs Bridlington Hospital and also provides health care from the community hospitals at Driffield and Malton which are run by the local primary care trusts (NHS East Riding and NHS North Yorkshire and York). Small cottage and community hospitals provide a range of services at Hornsea and Withernsea.[57][58]

There are ten household waste recycling sites across the East Riding. In the financial year 2004/05 210,112 tonnes of municipal waste was collected by East Riding and 154,723 tonnes by Hull. Between 2003/04 and 2004/05 the amount of waste collected in Hull increased by 1.77% (2,696 tonnes) and in the East Riding by 4.80% (9,629 tonnes). Target 45+ is a joint sustainable waste management strategy developed in partnership by Kingston upon Hull City Council and the East Riding of Yorkshire Council. The overall aim of the strategy is to achieve 45% recycling or composting by 2010 and then go beyond this. At the outset it was anticipated that recycling rates in the East Riding by the end of 2005/06 would be 22.4% and in Hull the rate would be 17.4%.[59] The Waste Recycling Group is a company working in partnership with the Hull City and East Riding of Yorkshire councils to deal with waste. The company has plans to build an energy from waste plant at Saltend to deal with 240,000 tonnes of rubbish and put waste to a productive use by providing power for the equivalent of 20,000 houses.[60]

Renewable energy

Wind farm at Out Newton

The UK government has set a target to generate 10% of the UK’s electricity from renewable energy sources by 2010. The Energy White Paper (2003) sets out the Government’s aspiration to double that figure to 20% by 2020. It has additionally signed up to the legally binding Kyoto Protocol, which requires a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 12.5% of 1990 levels by 2008–12 and a reduction of CO2 emissions by 20% of 1990 levels by 2010. Regional and local authorities are required to contribute to the delivery of these national targets. The East Riding has an above average potential to generate renewable electricity for Local Authorities’s in the region due its large wind energy potential.[61] The East Riding of Yorkshire is set a target of 41 MW by 2010, and a target for 2021 of 148 MW for installed grid-connected renewable energy. There are operational wind farms at Lissett in Holderness and Out Newton to the north of the Humber estuary.[62][63] There are single turbines at the Waste Water Treatment Works at Saltend and at Loftsome Bridge Water Treatment Works near Barmby on the Marsh.[64] In addition, a number of other wind developments, within and near to the East Riding boundary, have either been given permission or are applying for permission. By late February 2009 there was existing developed capacity, or planning approval for 140 MW of renewable energy to be generated from wind farm developments. The overall renewable energy target for 2010 and 2021 has therefore already been exceeded by wind energy proposals alone, assuming some of these schemes will be operational by 2010. The East Riding has also exceeded 148 MW, when other renewable energy types such as biomass are included in the calculation.[65][66] The Humber estuary is to be used for trials of a tidal stream generator. If successful, it will be used to develop larger models which could be deployed in a 100-unit "renewable power station" capable of powering 70,000 homes.[67]

Media

The region is covered by the BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire television regions. Local analogue radio stations include, BBC Radio Humberside, Galaxy Yorkshire, KCFM, Viking FM and Yorkshire Coast Radio. A local Digital Audio Broadcasting multiplex is based around Humberside.

Community radio station Seaside FM serves the Holderness area on 105.3 FM MHz.

Newspapers include the Hull Daily Mail, owned by the Northcliffe Media group. An East Riding Mail has recently been launched as a sister paper to this. Other newspapers in the area include the Bridlington Free Press, the Beverley Guardian, the Driffield Times, the Driffield Post, the Goole Times and the Holderness Gazette.

Places of interest

See also: List of SSSIs in Humberside and List of Grade I listed buildings in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Skidby Windmill

There is a wide range of interesting places to visit in the East Riding. These include historic buildings such as Burnby Hall, Burton Agnes Manor House, Burton Agnes Hall, Sewerby Hall, Skipsea Castle and the gun battery of Fort Paull. The religious edifices of the Rudston Monolith, Beverley Minster and Beverley Friary, and Howden Minster can be visited at all seasons.

The sails of Skidby Windmill can be seen providing the power to grind flour on certain days and natural sites provide interest at Spurn, Bempton Cliffs, Hornsea Mere, Humber Estuary, River Hull, Watton Beck, River Derwent, River Ouse, River Aire, River Trent, River Don some of which are owned or run by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust.

The Driffield Navigation, Leven Canal, Market Weighton Canal and Pocklington Canal offer glimpses of tranquillity. Stamford Bridge is the site of the famous battle and the Yorkshire Wolds Way is a long distance footpath that takes a winding route through the Yorkshire Wolds to Filey.[68]

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