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The 2010s, pronounced "twenty-tens"[1] or "two thousand (and) tens",[2][3][4][5] is the current decade which began on 1 January 2010 and will end on 31 December 2019. The decade is also called the second decade of the 21st century and 3rd millennium.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

The decade began amidst a global financial crisis that started in the late 2000s, after approximately three decades of prosperity, economic growth as well as income inequality, and increased globalization.[16] In particular, the ongoing Eurozone debt crisis, which stemmed from these economic problems, first became pronounced in May 2010 and continues to threaten the global recovery. Other economic issues such as inflation, and an increase in commodity prices, sparked immense unrest in many lower-income countries. In some countries this unrest evolved into socio-economic crises which set off numerous revolutions, such as in Kyrgyzstan in 2010, and Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya in 2011. This trend continues at present, and is known as the Arab Spring. The revolutions of 2011 also include the Spanish "Indignants", inspired by the Arab Spring, and the Occupy Wall Street protests in North America, influenced by both Spanish demonstrations and the Arab Spring.

Mixed pronunciation

Among experts and the general public, there is some disagreement as to how specific years of the 21st century should be pronounced in English.[17] The year 2010, for example, was referred to by some as "twenty-ten" and by others as "two thousand (and) ten".[18] This mixed pronunciation continues in 2011.

Politics and wars

Wars

Main articles: List of wars 2003–2010 and List of wars 2011–present

The prominent wars of the decade so far include:

International wars

  • War in Afghanistan (2001–present) – In 2001, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada invaded Afghanistan seeking to oust the Taliban and find Al-Qaeda mastermind Osama bin Laden.
  • Iraq War (2003–2011) – On 19 August 2010, the last American combat brigade was moved out of Iraq after more than 7 years of warfare.[19] Though about 50,000 troops remained there throughout 2011, being designated as "advise and assist brigades" assigned to non-combat operations while retaining the ability to revert to combat operations as necessary. They are expected to completely leave Iraq by the end of 2011.

Civil wars, guerrilla wars and political revolutions

See also: Arab Spring and Impact of the Arab Spring
2011 Libyan uprising: The Libyan flag is flown from a communications tower in Bayda, July 2011
  • 2011 Libyan Civil War (15 February – 23 October 2011) – a series of demonstrations and riots held against Muammar Gaddafi's 42-year rule. The widespread demonstrations, which erupted in response to the high unemployment rate in Libya and the lack of development in the country, rapidly escalated into a civil war as Gaddafi used his military force against the Libyan rebels. As a result, fifty thousand Libyans have died.[24] The uprising came to an end when Gaddafi was killed during the liberation of Sirte on 20 October 2011.
  • Mexican Drug War (2006–present) – an armed conflict fought between rival drug cartels and government forces in Mexico. Although Mexican drug cartels, or drug trafficking organizations, have existed for quite some time, they have become more powerful since the demise of Colombia's Cali and Medellín cartels in the 1990s. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale illicit drug market in the United States.[25] Arrests of key cartel leaders, particularly in the Tijuana and Gulf cartels, have led to increasing drug violence as cartels fight for control of the trafficking routes into the United States.[26][27][28] Roughly more than 28,299 people in total were killed between December 2006 until November 2010.[29]
  • Civil war in Chad (2005–present) involved Chadian government forces and several Chadian rebel groups. The government of Chad estimated in January 2006 that 614 Chadian citizens had been killed in cross-border raids.[36] The fighting still continues despite several attempts to reach agreements.
  • Colombian Armed Conflict (1964–present) has changed substantially after the government of Alvaro Uribe. President Juan Manuel Santos took office in 2010 and seeks to continue Uribe's policy about terrorism. The FARC and ELN guerrillas are weaker than ever and divided, with the latter calling for peace talks with the government. Meanwhile, paramilitary forces have demobilized, but irregular drug-trafficking forces called "Bacrim" have gained control over much of the areas that the AUC paramilitaries previously held. The "Bacrim" gangs have allied with guerrillas in some regions of the country like Chocó and Antioquia.

Coups

Main article: List of coups d'état and coup attempts § 2010 - present

Terrorist attacks

Main article: List of terrorist incidents § 1970–present

The most prominent terrorist attacks committed against civilian population during the decade include:

Nuclear weapons controversies

  • Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the Western world due to suspicions that Iran could divert the civilian nuclear technology to a weapons program. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran on select companies linked to this program, thus furthering its economic isolation on the international scene. The U.S. Director of National Intelligence said in February 2009 that Iran would not realistically be able to a get a nuclear weapon until 2013, if it chose to develop one.[37]
  • The United States and Russia sign a treaty to cut nuclear weapons in either nation in Prague in April 2010, a week later U.S. President Barack Obama hosts a Nuclear Security Summit where the attending nations decides to lock onto their nuclear arms, to make sure no terrorists get hands on these weapons of mass destruction, also South Korea was selected to hold the second Nuclear Security Summit in 2012.

Political events

The prominent political events of the decade so far include:

WikiLeaks

  • The international new-media non-profit organization WikiLeaks published three massive sets of documents pertaining to the Iraq War, the Afghanistan War, and US diplomacy, which, respectively, were released in April, July, and November 2010. Each of these releases was accompanied by heavy and extensive weeks-long coverage in news media all over the world, and had a strong impact on the global political landscape, with strong reactions from leaders within many major countries.

Americas

Obama signing the New START treaty in Prague.

Europe

Africa

2011 Egyptian revolution: Demonstrators in Cairo's Tahrir Square on 8 February 2011
  • Between 9–15 January 2011 a referendum was held in Southern Sudan on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. In the referendum a majority of 98.83% voted in favour of separation from Sudan and the creation of an independent state.
  • 14 January 2011 – Amidst anti-government demonstrations, Tunisia's President Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali dissolves the government, declares a state of emergency, and resigns from office.
  • January–February 2011 – Inspired by the Tunisian demonstrators, thousands of protesters in Egypt call for a resignation or ousting of Hosni Mubarak, longtime president of the nation, who many feel has been in power far too long and has no interests of the public. Mubarak resigns on 11 February.
  • February–present: a popular revolt against Muammar Gaddafi's 42-year rule over Libya leads to thousands of deaths and UN sanctions against the nation's government following a brutal crackdown against protestors.[40]

Oceania

Assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts

Main article: List of assassinations and assassination attempts
Osama bin Laden
Muammar Gaddafi

Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts of the decade so far include:

Disasters

The most prominent disasters of the decade so far include:

Non-natural disasters

Aviation disasters

The wreckage site of the Polish Air Force Tu-154 near Smolensk

Pollution disasters

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill as seen from space by NASA's Terra satellite on 24 May 2010
  • On 20 April 2010 an explosion on BP's Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig, operating in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, left eleven crewmen dead and resulted in a fire that sank the rig and caused a massive-scale oil spill[45] that became the worst environmental disaster in United States history.[46] On 18 June 2010 oceanographer John Kessler said that the crude gushing from the well contains 40 percent methane, compared to about 5 percent found in typical oil deposits. Methane is a natural gas that could potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is so depleted that nothing lives. "This is the most vigorous methane eruption in modern human history," Kessler said.[47] On 20 June an internal BP document was released by Congress revealing that BP estimated the flow could be as much as 100,000 barrels (4,200,000 US gallons; 16,000 cubic metres) per day under the circumstances that existed since the 20 April blowout.[48][49] On 15 July 2010, The BP Oil Spill is stopped for the first time, 86 days after oil started leaking into the Gulf of Mexico.

Natural disasters

Damage in downtown Port-au-Prince, 13 January 2010
Chileans look at tsunami-provoked damage in the city of Pichilemu, following the 2010 Chile earthquake.
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami: An aerial view of tsunami damage in Tōhoku
The eye of Irene as viewed from the International Space Station

Economics

The Great Recession, which began in the year 2007, officially ended in mid-2009, though unemployment has failed to recover. In the United States, a Gallup poll found that more than half of Americans believe the country is still in a recession.[65] There is an energy crisis in the world, partially due to the riots in the Middle East and North Africa, though prices had been rising beforehand.[66] Production of conventional crude oil peaked in 2004 at 74 million barrels per day, and greater records reached since then represent only small increases that are failing to keep pace with demand from growing countries, such as China and India.[67] This is evident because of the relatively small output that was shut off during the Libya civil war, as well as the failure of releases from strategic reserves to stem high prices.[68][69] The International Energy Agency has found that global crude oil production reached its apex in 2006, meaning production from currently producing oil fields is forecast to drop and future oil supply projections are uncertain.[70][71][72] Another school of opinion attributes the high energy prices in the western world to government regulation.[73]

A sovereign debt crisis in Europe began in early 2010, and the Greek government admitted that it was having difficulties servicing its large sovereign debt. Speculation abounded that it would be unable to make required bond payments due in 2010. causing the Euro to drop in value versus the US dollar and pushing the Greek/German yield spread to almost 4%. In May 2010, Eurozone leaders agreed to a £110 billion euro three year rescue package.[74] However, by the following year, the country's fiscal condition had not improved.[75] In July 2011 Standard & Poor's announced that the second bailout package for Greece will be defined as a partial default.[76][77] In the midst of this bond yields for Italy and Spain spike above 6 percent.[78] China becomes the second largest global economy, surpassing Japan.[79] China currently faces out-of-control inflation, a real estate bubble, and troubling demographics that will lead to a shrinking labor force, all of which could lead to a collapse of the Chinese economy.[80][81][82]

Debt struggles plague advanced countries. The crisis in Greece fuels growing fears of contagion.[83] Beyond Greece, European countries such as Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal see their credit rating downgraded.[84][85][86][87] In August 2011, the S&P downgrades the United States' credit rating from triple AAA to AA-plus.[88] In September 2011 Italy is downgraded by S&P from A+.[89] Japan also sees a rating downgrade due to debt burden.[90] In October 2011 European leaders devised another Greek debt agreement in which private banks that loaned Greece money agreed to voluntarily write down or revalue Greek debt by 50%. The size of the EFSF was increased from €440 billion to €1 trillion.[91] From 2010 to 2011 gold prices rise from $1121.50 an ounce to $1,917.90.[92][93]

Society

The world population is projected to peak at 9 billion by 2050, and many countries reported declining fertility rates in the 2010 census.[94] Society by the 2010s is still being accustomed to the huge changes the Internet, globalization and digital technology make in everyday life, with many young people growing up spending their entire lives exposed to technology.[95] At the same time, the world is grappling with the Great Recession that began in 2007 and continues into the '10s.

Environmentalism continues to become mainstream, but not as mainstream as it was in the 1990s and 2000s, and with the economic crisis of the late '00s to present, increasingly profitable as well.[96]

In the United States, liberal economic policies decline in popularity, and the public supports more conservative economic policies.[97][98][99][100][101][102][103] Political polarization grows as conservatives and progressives clash over the role of government. Polls continue to show a divided electorate regarding job creation, debt reduction, and taxation.[104][105] [106][107][108][109]

Acceptance of GLBT people slowly increases across the world, with significantly higher levels of support among younger generations than among older generations. On 20 September 2011, gay and lesbian citizens were allowed to serve in the United States military. For the first time, on 17 June 2011, the United Nations passes a motion in support of GLBT rights across the world.

The aging of populations in the developed countries, most prominently Europe and Japan, continues as the Baby boomers generation reaches the age of retirement. This has caused a large debate over the Medicare and Social Security programs in the United States. Many popular opinions among Americans are that either the retirement age should be raised,[110][111][112][113] the Social Security and Medicare programs be replaced with another type of pension,[114][115][116] or that the Medicare and Social Security should be abolished in its entirety.[117][118][119]

The world's major civilizations are now interacting more than ever in history, creating tensions but also bringing new ideas to cultures that previously did not have them. This is radically changing the economic and social fabric in virtually every part of the world. China, considered an emerging power in the 1990s and 2000s, has increasingly been called a superpower in the early 2010s, such as at the 2011 meeting between Hu Jintao and Barack Obama.[120]

Individuality continues to be in fashion, but not as strong as it was in the 1990s and 2000s. A well noted example of this are baby names, which have become far more individualized since the 1960s, but especially since the 1990s and the introduction of the Internet.[121]

Long distance relocation declines in the United States, reaching their lowest levels since information began being kept in 1948.[122]

Youth culture such as skateboarding continues to spread to countries such as Afghanistan.[123]

AIDS, a pandemic in the 1980s and 1990s responsible for killing over 30 million people, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, becomes a treatable condition; though only one case has been cured,[124] the disease is no longer a death sentence and with treatment victims can generally expect to live normal lives and lifespans.[124]

Breakfast habits change: among Americans, cereal, a profitable breakfast food throughout the 20th century, declines by the early 1990s and is not nearly as popular by the 2010s.[125] Fast casual restaurants such as Five Guys and Chipotle also see an uptick in popularity.[126]

In America, migration to the Sun Belt, large during the last decades of the 20th century and the 2000s decade, declines; migration in general around the US has been in decline since the beginning of the 1980s.[127]

Science and technology

Science

NASA announced that its Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter captured photographic evidence of possible liquid water on Mars on 5 August 2011
The first collisions of CERN's Large Hadron Collider took place on 31 March 2010.

Technology

File:IPad-02.jpg
The iPad becomes the best selling tech gadget in history
  • By February 2011, the IPv4 internet addresses officially run out. An early period of transition to IPv6 continues during 2011.[131]
  • Supercomputers are projected to reach exaflop scale in 2019.[132]
  • By March 2011, more than 2 billion people used the Internet.[133]
  • One billion mobile broadband users predicted by sometime in 2011, and 4.6 billion people worldwide were subscribed to mobile phones.[134]
  • On 27 January 2010, Apple Inc. launches its first tablet computer called the iPad which offers multi-touch interaction with multimedia formats including newspapers, magazines, ebooks, textbooks, photos, movies, TV shows videos, music, word processing documents, spreadsheets, video games. The iPad soon became an immediate bestseller and only months after its release became the best selling tech gadget in history.[135] Multiple competing tablet computers are now on the market.
  • Mobile phone apps, introduced in the later 2000s, explode in popularity; In June 2011, Americans spent more time using apps than using the World Wide Web.[136]

Additional notable world-wide events

Film

Main article: 2010s in film

On 31 January 2010, Avatar became the first film to cross the $2 billion mark in the worldwide box office.[141] It is also one of the first in a trend towards high quality 3D movies.

In 2010, Kathryn Bigelow became the first woman to receive the Academy Award for Best Director for the 2009 movie The Hurt Locker.[142]

In 2010, Toy Story 3 became the first animated film to gross more than $1 billion worldwide.[143]

Music

Main article: 2010s in music

The early 2010s have musically been dominated by a variety of styles and artists. Globalization and the internet have erased political borders providing musicians to have their material to be heard all over the globe. The shrinking of the music industry due to the internet has also localized music, as there are fewer artists who become big enough to be internationally famous. Musical paradigm shifts in the previous decade regarding how people obtain and listen to music including the rise of the MP3 format[144]),[145] televised national musical contests,[146] and the declining influence of the recording industry have had major effects on the state of music globally in a relatively short time.[147] According to Nielson Soundscan, by 2009 CDs accounted for 79 percent of album sales, with 20 percent coming from digital, representing both a 10 percent drop and gain for both formats in 2 years.[148]

In terms of popular music, the heavy use of Auto-Tune has dramatically changed the landscape of the Top-40 charts. At the same time, electronic dance music and electropop have gained significant popularity; electronic in general became widespread in the early-2010s mixing elements of Chiptune, Second Wave synthpop mixed with rap and other various electronic music, into a sound that differentiates 2010s music from the popular music styles of the early 2000s.[149][150] In the United Kingdom, Dubstep is rising in popularity,[151] which is a style that mirrors the electronic-leaning musical trends elsewhere.

Architecture

The Burj Khalifa became the world's tallest building when completed in 2010.

Sports

Events held

Planned

Video gaming

See also: 2010 in video gaming and 2011 in video gaming
The Nintendo 3DS becomes the successor to the Nintendo DS.
  • The OnLive console is released becoming the first massively-produced cloud gaming-based gaming device.[155] (2010)
  • Nintendo released the Nintendo 3DS, the successor to the immensely popular Nintendo DS line of handhelds, and introduced a new interface that does not require special glasses to observe stereoscopic 3D visuals during gameplay.[156] (2011)
  • Dead Space 2 is released on 25 January 2011 and sells over 2 million copies in it's first week, more than double the sales of the original Dead Space up to that point in time.
  • The Playstation Network went down temporarily on 21 April 2011 due to a security breach caused by hackers, which received international attention.
  • Sony is set to release the handheld game console PlayStation Vita in fall 2011.
  • Nintendo's tablet based video game console, WiiU, is scheduled to be released in 2012.
  • Duke Nukem Forever is released in 2011, 15 years after development began in 1996. Before its release, it had been considered vaporware.
  • Minecraft, a popular Indie game, sells three million copies.
  • The Sims 3 is one of the most popular and influential games of the 2010s. The game adds open neighborhoods and other features. The game has sold 10 million copies worldwide since its release.
  • Kinect Microsoft releases the first ever motion sensing input device allowing for completely hands free game, for its Xbox 360 console.

Fashion

Main article: 2010s in fashion

The early 2010s, so far, have seen many recycled fashions from the 1940s, 1950s and 1980s and 1990s such as skinny jeans, leggings, leg warmers, aviator sunglasses, western shirts, baseball jackets, nerd glasses, and high top sneakers.[157] It is also very popular to wear neon colors such as neon pink, green, teal, black, purple, and yellow, and Military Shirts. At the same time new fashions such as color burn shirts and "boot sandal hybrids" emerged in Europe and the USA.

In Britain there has been a resurgence of Edwardian fashions among indie kids, sloane rangers, and college students, including suits with contrasting piping, boots based on US Civil War era Jeff Davis boots, Barbour jackets,[158] bowler hats, tweed jackets, waistcoats, thin ties, Ascots, cricket-style sweaters and striped boating blazers, albeit in less loud colors than the type worn by the mod subculture in the 1960s.[159][160][161]

See also

Timeline

The following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events and predicted prominent events of the decade:

2010 • 2011 • 2012 • 2013 • 2014 • 2015 • 2016 • 2017 • 2018 • 2019

References

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