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List of solar thermal power stations

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The 150 MW Andasol solar power station is a commercial parabolic trough solar thermal power plant, located in Spain. The Andasol plant uses tanks of molten salt to store solar energy so that it can continue generating electricity even when the sun isn't shining.[1]
The first three units of Solnova in the foreground, with the two towers of the PS10 and PS20 solar power stations in the background.
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This is a list of solar thermal power stations. These include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power installation in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW) and Andasol solar power station (Spain, 150 MW). The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world’s largest solar thermal power plant project currently under construction. The Solana Generating Station is a 280 MW solar power plant which is under construction about 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Phoenix, Arizona. There are plans to build many other large solar thermal plants.

The solar thermal power industry was growing, planned with about 1.17 gigawatts (GW) of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants online as of 2011.[2] 582 megawatts of them are located in Spain, and the United States has 507 MW of capacity. About 17 GW of CSP projects are under development worldwide, and the United States leads with about 8 GW. Spain ranks second with 4.46 GW in development, followed by China with 2.5 GW.[2]

Operational

Operational Solar Thermal Power Stations
Capacity
(MW)		 Name Country Location Coordinates Technology type Notes
354 Solar Energy Generating Systems  USA Mojave Desert, California 35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W / 35.03167°N 117.34806°W / 35.03167; -117.34806 (Solar Energy Generating Systems) parabolic trough Collection of 9 units[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
150 Solnova Solar Power Station  Spain Sanlúcar la Mayor 37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.41667°N 6.28889°W / 37.41667; -6.28889 (Solnova Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Solnova 1 completed May 2010
Solnova 3 completed May 2010
Solnova 4 completed August 2010[12][13][14][15][16]
150 Andasol solar power station  Spain Guadix 37°13′42.70″N 3°4′6.73″W / 37.2285278°N 3.0685361°W / 37.2285278; -3.0685361 (Andasol solar power station) parabolic trough Andasol 1 completed, 2008, with 7.5h thermal energy storage
Andasol 2 completed, 2009, with 7.5h thermal energy storage
Andasol 3 completed, 2011, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[17][18]
150 Extresol Solar Power Station  Spain Torre de Miguel Sesmero 38°39′N 6°44′W / 38.650°N 6.733°W / 38.650; -6.733 (Extresol Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Extresol 1 completed February 2010, with 7.5h thermal energy storage
Extresol 2 completed December 2010, with 7.5h thermal energy storage
Extresol 3 completed August 2012, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[19][20][21]
100 Palma del Rio Solar Power Station  Spain Palma del Río 37°38′N 5°15′W / 37.633°N 5.250°W / 37.633; -5.250 (Palma del Rio Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Palma del Rio 2 completed December 2010[19]
Palma del Rio 1 completed July 2011[19]
100 Manchasol Power Station  Spain Alcázar de San Juan 39°11′N 3°18′W / 39.183°N 3.300°W / 39.183; -3.300 (Manchasol Power Station) parabolic trough Manchasol-1 completed January 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[19]
Manchasol-2 completed April 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[19]
100 Valle Solar Power Station  Spain San José del Valle 36°39′N 5°50′W / 36.650°N 5.833°W / 36.650; -5.833 (Valle Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Completed December 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[19][22]
100 Helioenergy Solar Power Station  Spain Écija 37°34′43″N 5°9′24″W / 37.57861°N 5.15667°W / 37.57861; -5.15667 (Helioenergy Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Helioenergy 1 completed September 2011[23][24]
Helioenergy 2 completed January 2012[19][23][24]
100 Aste Solar Power Station  Spain Alcázar de San Juan 39°10′22″N 3°15′58″W / 39.17278°N 3.26611°W / 39.17278; -3.26611 (Helioenergy Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Aste 1A Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[19]
Aste 1B Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[19]
100 Solacor Solar Power Station  Spain El Carpio 37°54′54″N 4°30′9″W / 37.91500°N 4.50250°W / 37.91500; -4.50250 (Solacor Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Solacor 1 completed February 2012[19]
Solacor 2 completed March 2012[19][25]
100 Solaben Solar Power Station[26]  Spain Logrosán parabolic trough Solaben 3 completed June 2012[19]
Solaben 2 completed October 2012[19]
100 Helios Solar Power Station  Spain Puerto Lápice parabolic trough Helios 1 completed May 2012[19]
Helios 2 completed August 2012[19]
75 Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center  USA Indiantown, Florida 27°03′11″N 80°33′00″W / 27.05306°N 80.55000°W / 27.05306; -80.55000 (Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center) ISCC steam input into a combined cycle[27]
64 Nevada Solar One  USA Boulder City, Nevada 35°48.0′N 114°58.6′W / 35.8000°N 114.9767°W / 35.8000; -114.9767 (Nevada Solar One) parabolic trough Operational since 2007
50 Puertollano Solar Thermal Power Plant  Spain Puertollano, Ciudad Real parabolic trough Completed May 2009[28]
50 Alvarado I  Spain Badajoz 38°49′37″N 06°49′34″W / 38.82694°N 6.82611°W / 38.82694; -6.82611 (Alvarado I) parabolic trough Completed July 2009[29][30][31]
50 La Florida  Spain Alvarado (Badajoz) parabolic trough Completed July 2010[19][32]
50 Majadas de Tiétar  Spain Caceres parabolic trough Completed August 2010[19][33]
50 La Dehesa  Spain La Garrovilla (Badajoz) parabolic trough Completed November 2010[19]
50 Lebrija-1  Spain Lebrija parabolic trough Completed July 2011[19][34]
50 Astexol 2  Spain Badajoz parabolic trough Completed November 2011, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[19][35]
50 Morón  Spain Morón de la Frontera parabolic trough Completed May 2012[19]
50 La Africana  Spain Posada parabolic trough Completed July 2012, with 7.5h thermal energy storag[19]
50 Guzman  Spain Palma del Río parabolic trough Completed July 2012[19]
50 Olivenza 1  Spain Olivenza parabolic trough Completed July 2012[19]
50 Orellana  Spain Orellana la Vieja parabolic trough Completed August 2012[19]
31.4 Puerto Errado  Spain Murcia fresnel reflector Puerto Errado 1 completed April 2009[19][36]
Puerto Errado 2 completed February 2012[19][37]
25 Hassi R'mel integrated solar combined cycle power station  Algeria Hassi R'mel ISCC Completed June 2011[38][39]
22.5 Termosolar Borges  Spain Borges Blanques parabolic trough Completed December 2012[19]
20 PS20 solar power tower  Spain Seville 37°26′38″N 06°15′34″W / 37.44389°N 6.25944°W / 37.44389; -6.25944 (PS20 solar power tower) solar power tower Completed April 2009
20 Kuraymat Plant  Egypt Kuraymat ISCC Completed December 2010[39][40][41]
20 Beni Mathar Plant  Morocco Ain Bni Mathar ISCC [42][43]
19.9 Gemasolar  Spain Fuentes de Andalucia (Seville) 37°33′38.17″N 05°19′53.61″W / 37.5606028°N 5.3315583°W / 37.5606028; -5.3315583 (Gemasolar solar power tower) solar power tower Completed May 2011.[44] With 15h heat storage[19]
17 Yazd integrated solar combined cycle power station  Iran Yazd 31°57′5″N 54°5′30″E / 31.95139°N 54.09167°E / 31.95139; 54.09167 (Yazd integrated solar combined cycle power station) ISCC World's first solar combined cycle power plant, to be constructed
11 PS10 solar power tower  Spain Seville 37°26′36.42″N 06°15′14.28″W / 37.4434500°N 6.2539667°W / 37.4434500; -6.2539667 (PS10 solar power tower) solar power tower World's first
commercial solar tower
5 Kimberlina Solar Thermal Energy Plant  USA Bakersfield, California fresnel reflector AREVA Solar, formerly Ausra demonstration
plant[45]
5 Sierra SunTower  USA Lancaster, California 34°46′0.0″N 118°8′0.0″W / 34.766667°N 118.133333°W / 34.766667; -118.133333 (Sierra SunTower) solar power tower North America's only operating solar tower, completed August 2009[46][47][48]
5 Archimede solar power plant  Italy Syracuse, Sicily 37°8′0″N 15°12′58″E / 37.13333°N 15.21611°E / 37.13333; 15.21611 (Archimede solar power plant) parabolic trough ISCC with heat storage
Completed July 2010[49][50]
5 Thai Solar Energy (TSE) 1  Thailand Huaykrachao parabolic trough Completed November 2011[51]
9 Liddell Power Station Solar Steam Generator  Australia New South Wales 32°22′26″S 150°58′40″E / 32.37389°S 150.97778°E / -32.37389; 150.97778 (Liddell Power Station, New South Wales) fresnel reflector electrical equivalent steam boost for coal station[52][53]
2.5 Acme Solar Thermal Tower  India solar power tower Completed 2012[54]
2 Keahole Solar Power  USA Hawaii 19°42′54″N 156°2′7″W / 19.71500°N 156.03528°W / 19.71500; -156.03528 (Keahole Solar Power, Keahole Point) parabolic trough [55][56]
1.5 Jülich Solar Tower  Germany Jülich solar power tower Completed December 2008[57]
1.5 Beijing Badaling Solar Tower  China Beijing 40°40′N 116°30′E / 40.667°N 116.500°E / 40.667; 116.500 (Beijing Badaling Solar Tower) solar power tower Completed August 2012[58][59]
1 Saguaro Solar Power Station  USA Red Rock, Arizona parabolic trough [60]
1 Yanqing Solar Power Station  China Yanqing County 40°27′24″N 115°58′30″E / 40.45667°N 115.97500°E / 40.45667; 115.97500 (Yanqing Solar Power Station) solar power tower Completed August 2010[61]
0.25 Shiraz solar power plant  Iran Shiraz 31°56′N 54°02′E / 31.933°N 54.033°E / 31.933; 54.033 (Shiraz solar power plant) parabolic trough Iran's first solar power plant
0.25 Augustin Fresnel Solar Power Station[62]  France Targassonne fresnel reflector prototype, complated 2012, 0.25h thermal energy storage
2135.8 Overall operational capacity
Solar thermal power stations

Under construction

Solar Thermal Power Stations under construction
Capacity (MW) Name Country Location Coordinates Expected completion Technology Notes
370 Ivanpah Solar Power Facility  USA San Bernardino County, California 35°34′N 115°28′W / 35.567°N 115.467°W / 35.567; -115.467 (Ivanpah Solar Power Facility) 2013 solar power tower [63][64]
280 Solana Generating Station  USA West of Gila Bend, AZ 32°55′N 112°58′W / 32.917°N 112.967°W / 32.917; -112.967 (Solana Generating Station) 2013 parabolic trough with 6h heat storage[65][66]
280 Mojave Solar Project  USA Barstow, California 35°00′40″N 117°19′30″W / 35.01111°N 117.32500°W / 35.01111; -117.32500 (Mojave Solar Project) 2014 parabolic trough [67][68]
250 Genesis Solar  USA Blythe, California 33°38′37.68″N 114°59′16.8″W / 33.6438000°N 114.988000°W / 33.6438000; -114.988000 (Genesis Solar) 2014 parabolic trough [69]
160 Ouarzazate solar power station  Morocco Ouarzazate 2015 parabolic trough [70]
121 Ashalim power station  Israel Negev desert 30°58′N 34°42′E / 30.967°N 34.700°E / 30.967; 34.700 (Ashalim power station) 2013 parabolic trough [71][72]
110 Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project  USA Nye County, Nevada 38°14′N 117°22′W / 38.233°N 117.367°W / 38.233; -117.367 (Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project) 2013/14 solar power tower with 10h heat storage[73]
100 Shams  UAE Abu Dhabi Madinat Zayad 23°34′N 53°42′E / 23.567°N 53.700°E / 23.567; 53.700 (Shams solar power station) 2013 parabolic trough [74][75]
100 Termosol 1+2  Spain Navalvillar de Pela (Badajoz) 2013 parabolic trough [19]
100 Solaben 1+6  Spain Logrosan 2013 parabolic trough [76][19]
100 Khi Solar One  South Africa Upington 2014 power tower with 2h heat storage[77][78]
100 Kaxu Solar One  South Africa Pofadder, Northern Cape 2014 parabolic trough with 3h heat storage[77][78]
100 El Reboso 2+3  Spain El Puebla del Rio (Seville) 2015 parabolic trough [79][80]
50 Arenales PS  Spain Moron de la Frontera (Seville) 2013 parabolic trough [19][35][81]
50 Cargo Solar Power (Guj) P. Ltd.  India KUTCH (Gujarat) 23°22.233′N 70°41.988′E / 23.370550°N 70.699800°E / 23.370550; 70.699800 (Gujarat Solar One) 2013 parabolic trough with 9h heat storage[citation needed]
50 Nokh  India Nokh (Rajasthan) 2013 parabolic trough [82]
50 Casablanca  Spain Casablanca 2013 parabolic trough [19]
50 Cáceres  Spain Cáceres 2013 parabolic trough [19]
50 Enerstar Villena Power Plant  Spain Villena 2013 parabolic trough [19][83]
50 Delingha Solar Power Plant  China Delingha 2013 solar tower [84][85]
50 Erdos Solar Power Plant  China Hanggin Banner 2013 parabolic trough [86]
27.5 Jinshawan  China China solar updraft tower

Operations underway at 200 kW.[87]

12 Alba Nova 1  France Corsica 2013 Fresnel First utility-scale solar thermal plant in France[88]
1 e-Cube 1  China Hainan 2013 Modular Heliostat First Modular Heliostat solar thermal plant in the world[89]
1.4 THEMIS Solar Power Tower  France Pyrénées-Orientales 42°30′5″N 1°58′27″E / 42.50139°N 1.97417°E / 42.50139; 1.97417 (Themis (solar power plant)) solar power tower Hybrid solar/gas power plant[90]
1 Renovalia  Spain Albacete dish [19]
2686.9 Overall capacity under construction

Announced

Announced — USA

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced in the USA
Capacity
(MW)		 Name Location Coordinates Technology type Notes
500 Fort Irwin Solar Project San Bernardino County, California 35°14′47″N 116°40′55″W / 35.24639°N 116.68194°W / 35.24639; -116.68194 (Fort Irwin) unnamed solar thermal technology, military [91]
500 Palen Solar Power Project [92] Riverside County, California parabolic trough Bought by Brightsource [93]
340 Hualapai Valley Solar Project Mohave County, Arizona parabolic trough [94][95]
300 Unnamed Florida fresnel reflector [96]
250 Beacon Solar Energy Project Kern County, California parabolic trough [63]
250 Harper Lake Solar San Bernardino County, California parabolic trough [63]
200 Unnamed Kingman solar project Mohave County, Arizona parabolic trough [97]
200 Enviromission Australia Arizona solar updraft tower [98]
200 BrightSource PPA5 Mojave, California solar power tower [63]
200 BrightSource PPA6 Mojave, California solar power tower [63]
200 BrightSource PPA7 Mojave, California solar power tower [63]
150 Rice Solar Energy Project Riverside County, California solar power tower with 7h heat storage[63]
150 Crossroads Solar Energy Project Maricopa County, Arizona solar power tower with 10h heat storage[99][100]
100 Calico Solar Energy Project
(SES Solar One)		 San Bernardino County, California ?? [63][101]
92 Suntower Doña Ana County, New Mexico solar power tower [102][103]
84 eSolar 1 Los Angeles County, California solar power tower [63]
66 eSolar 2 Los Angeles County, California solar power tower [63]
62 City of Palmdale Hybrid Power Project Palmdale, California parabolic trough steam input for hybrid gas plant [63]
50 Victorville 2 Hybrid Power Project Victorville, California parabolic trough steam input for hybrid gas plant [63]
50 Sound Hybrid G Unannounced hybrid [104]
5 Kalaeloa Solar One MicroCSP Power Project Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii MicroCSP parabolic trough steam input for power generation with thermal storage [105]
4508 Overall capacity announced in the USA

Announced — Spain

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced in Spain
MW Name Location Coordinates Technology Notes
200 Andasol 4–7 Granada parabolic trough with heat storage [20]
100 Solnova 2, 4–5 Sevilla 37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.41667°N 6.28889°W / 37.41667; -6.28889 (Solnova Solar Power Station) parabolic trough with heat storage [106]
50 Ibersol Badajoz Fuente de Cantos parabolic trough [107]
50 Ibersol Valdecaballeros 1–2 Valdecaballeros parabolic trough [107]
50 Ibersol Sevilla Aznalcollar parabolic trough [107]
50 Ibersol Almería Tabernas parabolic trough [107]
50 Ibersol Albacete Almansa parabolic trough [107]
50 Ibersol Murcia Lorca parabolic trough [107]
50 Ibersol Zamora Cubillos parabolic trough [107]
100 Aste 3, 4 Alcázar de San Juan
(Ciudad Real)		 parabolic trough [35]
50 Astexol 1 Extremadura parabolic trough [35]
50 AZ 20 Sevilla solar power tower [106]
50 Alcázar Solar Thermal Power Project Alcázar de San Juan solar power tower [108]
20 Almaden Plant Albacete solar power tower [109]
10 Gotasol Gotarrendura linear fresnel [110]
0.08 Aznalcollar TH Sevilla dish sterling [106]
1080.08 Overall capacity announced in Spain

Announced — other countries

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced In Other Countries
Capacity MW Name Country Location Coordinates Technology Notes
2000 unknown  China Mongolian desert, China solar power tower [111]
2000 Solar Energy Project  Morocco Ouarzazate, Ain Beni Mathar, Foum Al Quad, Boujdour, Sebkhat Tah - Morocco unknown [112]
120 Shneur Solar Power Station  Israel Tze'elim, Israel parabolic trough [113]
100 CAP SunEdison  Chile Atacama Desert, Chile [114]
72 Mashhad solar-thermal power station  Iran Mashhad, Iran Parabolic dish with tracer system [115]
60 Mashavei Sadde solar-thermal power station  Israel Mashavei Sadde(Negev), Israel CSP [116]
50 Bokpoort  South Africa Groblershoop 2015 parabolic trough with 9h heat storage[117]
30 Archetype SW 550 solar power plant  Italy Passo Martino(CT), Sicily Parabolic trough with heat storage, biomass integration and cogenerating desalination [118][119]
14 Agua Prieta II integrated solar combined cycle power station  Mexico Agua Prieta(Sonora), Mexico ISCC [120][121]
4546.0 Overall capacity announced in other countries

Out of commission

See also

References

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  3. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station I
  4. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station II
  5. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station III
  6. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station IV
  7. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station V
  8. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station VI
  9. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station VII
  10. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station VIII
  11. ^ Solar Electric Generating Station IX
  12. ^ Abengoa Rakes in $426M for 4 Solar Power Plants
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  15. ^ Abengoa Solar begins commercial operation of Solnova 3
  16. ^ Abengoa Solar Reaches Total of 193 Megawatts Operating
  17. ^ Andasol 1 has started test run
  18. ^ The Construction of the Andasol Power Plants
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Lokalizacion de Centrales Termosolares en Espana
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  21. ^ ACS LAUNCHES THE OPERATION PHASE OF ITS THIRD DISPATCHABLE 50 MW THERMAL POWER PLANT IN SPAIN, EXTRESOL-1
  22. ^ VALLE 1 and VALLE 2
  23. ^ a b Renewable Energy Magazine: Abengoa-E.ON joint solar thermal electric plant comes online
  24. ^ a b Abengoa Projects in Andalucia
  25. ^ CSP World Solacor 2 comes on-line
  26. ^ Abengoa Solar begins construction on Extremadura’s second solar concentrating solar power plant
  27. ^ Here comes the sun! FPL's Next Generation Solar Energy Center to be world's first hybrid solar plant, first utility-scale solar facility in Florida
  28. ^ José María Barreda and Ignacio Galán open IBERDROLA RENOVABLES’ first solar termal power plant
  29. ^ Acciona Status Solarpaces 2008 p.25
  30. ^ ACCIONA Energía develops 900-million-euro renewables projects in the region of Extremadura
  31. ^ ACCIONA opens its first CSP plant in Spain, in Extremadura
  32. ^ Spain - A Solar Thermal Powerhouse
  33. ^ Acciona starts work on its €237 million CSP plant in Spain
  34. ^ Solel Begins Construction on New 50 MW Solar Field in Spain using Advanced SunField LP Technology
  35. ^ a b c d Concentrated Solar Power(CSP)
  36. ^ World First in Solar Power Plant Technology
  37. ^ NREL: Puerto Errado 2 Thermosolar Power Plant
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  39. ^ a b ISCC's outlook brightens with wave of projects
  40. ^ First parabolic trough solar field in Egypt is under construction
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  42. ^ King Mohamed VI Launches Thermo-Solar Energy Plant in Morocco
  43. ^ World Bank: Nurturing Low Carbon Economy in Morocco
  44. ^ Torresol Energy commissions Gemasolar Power Plant in Spain
  45. ^ Ausra’s first solar thermal plant starts up
  46. ^ eSolar Flips the Switch on First Solar Power Tower in U.S.
  47. ^ eSolar Ushers in New Era of Solar Energy with Unveiling of Sierra Power Plant
  48. ^ SciAm - First U.S. "Power Tower" Lights Up California
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  50. ^ AT PRIOLO ENEL INAUGURATES THE "ARCHIMEDE" POWER PLANT
  51. ^ Weekly Intelligence Brief: November 28 – December 5
  52. ^ CLFR
  53. ^ Solar thermal plant at the Liddell Power Station gets government support
  54. ^ Solar Thermal
  55. ^ Sopogy Wins Innovative Company of the Year 2008
  56. ^ Aloha, MicroCSP: Sopogy 2MW solar thermal system inaugurated on big island of Hawaii
  57. ^ Salt-Free Solar: CSP Tower Using Air
  58. ^ NAFSTE: Beijing Badaling CSP Tower Plant Succeeded in its first power generation test
  59. ^ NREL: Beijing Badaling Solar Tower
  60. ^ http://www.aps.com/_files/renewable/SP017SaguaroSolarTrough.pdf
  61. ^ CSP World: China's first megawatt-size power tower is complete and operational
  62. ^ NREL: Augustin Fresnel 1
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Large Solar Energy Projects, California Government
  64. ^ PG&E and BrightSource Sign Contracts for Over 1,300 MW of Solar Thermal
  65. ^ Big Solar Project Planned for Arizona Desert
  66. ^ Bill Richardson, former Governor of New Mexico, joins Abengoa’s Advisory Board
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  74. ^ Masdar to build CSP plant worth up to $500 million
  75. ^ Power Technology: Shams 1 Solar Power Station
  76. ^ Abengoa Solar begins construction on Extremadura’s second solar concentrating solar power plant
  77. ^ a b Abengoa: Plants under construction - South Africa
  78. ^ a b CSP World: Abengoa kicks off South Africa's first CSP plants construction
  79. ^ Boragis: El Reboso II
  80. ^ Boragis: El Reboso III
  81. ^ http://www.solarmillennium.de/Presse/Meldungen/Meldungen_,lang2,50,2117.html Solar Millennium AG and OHL Industrial jointly take over planned Spanish 50 megawatt power plant Arenales from Fotowatio Renewable Ventures
  82. ^ SCHOTT AG: SCHOTT Solar Receivers energize India’s first ever Concentrated Solar Power Plant
  83. ^ Enerstar homepage
  84. ^ SUPCON: Delingha 50 MW Solar Power Plant Succeed in Producing Steam
  85. ^ NREL: Supcon Solar Project
  86. ^ Project 6835 : Inner Mongolia Erdos 50MWp Groove Type Solar Thermal Project
  87. ^ China's first solar chimney plant starts operating in desert
  88. ^ Helionoticias - Authorities award construction permit for the first CSP plant in France
  89. ^ [2]
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  92. ^ BrightSource seeks change of ownership
  93. ^ BrightSource buys Palen Solar project
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  101. ^ K Road now owns Calico solar project but will use PV
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  103. ^ Souder, Elizabeth (June 12, 2009). "NRG Energy's solar plant plans could stretch into Texas". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
  104. ^ [3] Sound Gallagher, 26 July 2007.
  105. ^ KSP and the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands partner to build Hawaii's largest Concentrating Solar Power project
  106. ^ a b c Solúcar Platform
  107. ^ a b c d e f g Madrid, Spain: Iberdrola Proceeds with Nine Solar Thermal Electric Plants
  108. ^ "SolarReserve and Preneal Receive Environmental Permit for 50 Megawatt Solar Energy Project in Spain". Business Wire. November 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  109. ^ Abengoa Projects in Castilla la Mancha
  110. ^ Solar Power Group: First commercial Solar-thermal power plant in Spain
  111. ^ Woody, Todd (2010-01-09). "Pasadena's ESolar lands 2,000-megawatt deal in China". Los Angeles Times.
  112. ^ "UPDATE 1- Morocco to invite bids for solar station in Feb". Reuters. 2010-01-06.
  113. ^ Project 4444 : Shneur Solar Thermal Grid-Connected Power Plant in Ze'elim
  114. ^ CAP y SunEdison firman acuerdo para construir en Chile la mayor planta solar de Latinoamérica
  115. ^ Iran's biggest solar power plant
  116. ^ Two Sigma and Hezzi Kogler plan to build solar thermal power station with a budget worth 300 Million NIS
  117. ^ Project 7841 : Bokpoort CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) Project, South Africa
  118. ^ EGP realizza in Italia la prima centrale solare termodinamica
  119. ^ Demonstration of innovating parabolic solar trough using an alternative heat transfer fluid producing electricity and fresh water: ARChimede Hot Energy TYPology Enhanced Water Solar 550
  120. ^ Realizará CFE proyecto de campo solar
  121. ^ Abengoa to build Mexico’s first hybrid solar-gas plant
  122. ^ Making solar thermal power generation in India a reality – Overview of technologies, opportunities and challenges
  123. ^ Wilson, Alex (April 29, 2010). "Building Green's Product of the Week". Stirling SunCatcher with "Heat Engine" Technology. Building Green.com. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
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