Christianity by country
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As of the early 21st century, Christianity has around 3.3 billion adherents, out of about 7 billion people.[1][2][3][4] The faith represents one-third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world, with the three largest groups of Christians being the Catholic Church, Protestantism, and the Eastern Orthodox Church.[5][6] The largest Christian denomination is the Catholic Church, with 1.09 billion adherents.[7] The second largest denomination is either Protestantism (if it is considered a single group), or the Eastern Orthodox Church (if Protestants are considered to be divided into multiple denominations).
Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe, Russia, the Americas, the Philippines, East Timor, Southern Africa, Central Africa, East Africa and Oceania.[8] There are also large Christian communities in other parts of the world, such as Central Asia and the Middle East, where Christianity is the second-largest religion after Islam. The United States of America has the largest Christian population in the world, followed by Brazil and Mexico.[9]
Christianity, in one form or another, is the state religion of the following 14 nations: Argentina (Roman Catholic Church),[10] Bolivia (Roman Catholic Church and Christianity),[11] Costa Rica (Roman Catholic Church),[12] Denmark (Danish National Church),[13] El Salvador (Roman Catholic Church),[14] England (Church of England),[15] Greece (Church of Greece), Georgia (Georgian Orthodox Church),[16][17][18][19] Iceland (Church of Iceland),[20] Liechtenstein (Roman Catholic Church),[21] Malta (Roman Catholic Church),[22] Monaco (Roman Catholic Church),[23] Norway (Church of Norway),[24] Vatican City (Roman Catholic Church).[25]
Lists
By country
Note: Population statistics by religious affiliations are based upon statistical science and are subject to observational error (technically referred to as estimates). The proportion of Christians is based on the proportion of the population in each country who are members of a Christian denomination or who identify themselves as Christian. It says nothing about the proportion of such as believe in God and are regularly in the church. People who mix Christianity with tribal religions are defined in this article as Christians. Most of the percentage of Christian population of each country was taken from the US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report, the CIA World Factbook, Joshua Project, Open doors, Pew Forum and Adherents.com.
Sovereign states
Country | Christians | % Christian | % Catholic | % Protestant/ Orthodox/ Other | % GDP/Capita PPP World Bank 2012 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan (details) | 6,250 | 0.02% | 1,399 | ||
Albania (details) | 475,629 | 33.0% | 17% | 16% | 9,443 |
Algeria (details) | 270,000 | 2% | 1% | 1% | 8,515 |
American Samoa (details) | 70,000 | 98.3% | 20% | 78% | |
Andorra (details) | 78,000 | 94.0% | 90.1% | 3.9% | |
Angola (details) | 17,094,000 | 90.0% | 50% | 25% | 6,105 |
Anguilla (details) | 15,000 | 90.5% | 3% | 87% | |
Antigua and Barbuda (details) | 66,000 | 74.0% | 10% | 64% | 19,964 |
Argentina (details) | 37,561,000 | 92.7% | 90% | 2% | 12,034 |
Armenia (details) | 3,250,000 | 98.7% | 3% | 95% | 6,645 |
Aruba (details) | 98,000 | 90.1% | 80.8% | 7.8% | |
Australia (details) | 14,000,990 | 61.1% | 25.8% | 37% | 44,462 |
Austria (details) | 6,970,000 | 83.0% | 73.6% | 4.7% | 43,324 |
Azerbaijan (details) | 450,000 | 4.8% | 4.8% | 10,624 | |
Bahamas (details) | 350,000 | 96.3% | 13.5% | 67.6% | 31,629 |
Bahrain (details) | 77,000 | 9.0% | 9.0% | 23,886 | |
Bangladesh (details) | 420,000 | 0.3% | 0.3% | 1,883 | |
Barbados (details) | 244,000 | 95.0% | 4.2% | 70% | 18,805 |
Belarus (details) | 5,265,109 | 55.4%[30] | 7.1% | 48.3% | 15,579 |
Belgium (details) | 6,860,000 | 64.1% | 57% | 7% | 38,884 |
Belize (details) | 247,000 | 76.7% | 40% | 36.7% | 7,529 |
Benin (details) | 3,943,000 | 42.8% | 27% | 15% | 1,583 |
Bermuda (details) | 44,004 | 64.7% | 15% | 50% | |
Bhutan (details) | 7,000 | 1.0% | 0.1% | 0.9% | 6,699 |
Bolivia (details) | 9,730,000 | 97.0% | 81.6% | 13% | 5,281 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (details) | 2,120,000 | 52.0% | 36% | 15% | 9,235 |
Botswana (details) | 1,416,000 | 71.6% | 5% | 66% | 16,986 |
Brazil (details) | 175,770,000 | 90.2% | 63% | 27% | 11,909 |
British Virgin Islands (details) | 23,000 | 96.0% | 85% | 9% | |
Brunei (details) | 45,000 | 11.0% | 53,348 | ||
Bulgaria (details) | 6,364,000 | 84.0% | 1% | 83% | 15,933 |
Burkina Faso (details) | 3,746,000 | 23.0% | 18% | 4% | 1,513 |
Burundi (details) | 7,662,000 | 75.0% | 60% | 15% | 560 |
Cambodia (details) | 148,000 | 1.0% | 0.15% | 0.85% | 2,494 |
Cameroon (details) | 13,390,000 | 69.0% | 38.4% | 26.3% | 2,324 |
Canada (details) | 22,102,700 | 67.3%[31] | 38.7% | 17.6% | 42,693 |
Cape Verde (details) | 487,000 | 95.0% | 93% | 4% | 4,430 |
Cayman Islands (details) | 42,000 | 73.8% | |||
Central African Republic (details) | 2,302,000 | 80% | 29% | 51% | 857 |
Chad (details) | 3,833,000 | 34.0% | 20% | 15% | 1,493 |
Chile (details) | 14,930,000 | 87.2% | 67% | 20% | 22,655 |
People's Republic of China (details) | 67,070,000[32] | 5% | 1% | 4% | 9,233 |
Colombia (details) | 44,502,000 | 97.6% | 90% | 7.6% | 10,587 |
Comoros (details) | 15,000 | 2.1% | 0.5% | 0.25% | 1,230 |
Cook Islands (details) | 19,000 | 94.3% | 16.8% | 69.6% | |
Congo, Republic of (details) | 3,409,000 | 90.7% | 50% | 40% | 4,426 |
Congo, Democratic Republic of (details) | 63,150,000 | 95.7% | 50% | 42% | 422 |
Costa Rica (details) | 3,912,000 | 84.3% | 90.1% | 3.9% | 12,943 |
Côte d'Ivoire (details) | 7,075,000 | 32.8% | 90.1% | 3.9% | 2,039 |
Croatia (details) | 4,107,000 | 92.6% | 70% | 20% | 20,532 |
Cuba (details) | 9,523,000 | 85.0% | 85% | ||
Cyprus (details) | 863,000 | 79.3% | 75% | 30,597 | |
Czech Republic (details) | 1,175,091 | 11.2% | 10.4% | 0.8% | 26,426 |
Denmark (details) | 4,610,000 | 83.1% | 0.1% | 83% | 41,388 |
Djibouti (details) | 53,000 | 6.0% | 1% | 5% | 2,784 |
Dominica (details) | 59,000 | 88.7% | 61% | 27% | 12,643 |
Dominican Republic (details) | 9,734,000 | 95.2% | 10,204 | ||
East Timor (details) | 1,152,000 | 98.4% | 98% | 1% | |
Ecuador (details) | 14,099,000 | 99.0% | 80% | 20% | 9,738 |
Egypt (details) | 13,892,000 | 18.0% | 18% | 6,723 | |
El Salvador (details) | 5,073,000 | 81.9% | 52.6% | 29.3% | 7,069 |
Equatorial Guinea (details) | 683,000 | 98.6% | 98% | 30,233 | |
Eritrea (details) | 3,310,000 | 62.9% | 60% | 2% | 566 |
Estonia (details) | 310,481 | 23.9% | 23% | 23,024 | |
Ethiopia (details) | 52,580,000 | 63.4% | 63.4% | 1,139 | |
Falkland Islands (details) | 3,000 | 94.3% | 94% | ||
Faroe Islands (details) | 46,000 | 94.0% | 94% | ||
Fiji (details) | 540,000 | 64.4% | 8.9% | 55.5% | 4,943 |
Finland (details) | 4,347,000 | 81.0% | 81% | 38,230 | |
France (details) | 41,350,050 | 63% | 63% | 35,845 | |
Gabon (details) | 1,081,000 | 72.0% | 50% | 22% | 16,086 |
Gambia (details) | 158,000 | 9.0% | 2% | 7% | 1,948 |
Georgia (details) | 3,930,000 | 88.6% | 0.9% | 87.7% | 5,902 |
Germany (details) | 58,240,000 | 70.8% | 30% | 40% | 40,394 |
Ghana (details) | 16,741,000 | 68.8% | 13.1% | 55.5% | 2,048 |
Greece (details) | 10,208,586 | 98% | 98% | 24,667 | |
Greenland (details) | 55,000 | 96.6% | 96.6% | ||
Grenada (details) | 101,000 | 97.3% | 53% | 45% | 10,827 |
Guatemala (details) | 14,018,000 | 97.5% | 60% | 40% | 5,100 |
Guinea (details) | 1,032,000 | 10.0% | 5% | 5% | 1,069 |
Guinea-Bissau (details) | 165,000 | 10.0% | 10% | 1,192 | |
Guyana (details) | 434,000 | 57.0% | 8% | 49% | 3,399 |
Haiti (details) | 8,527,000 | 83.7% | 68.6% | 15% | 1,228 |
Honduras (details) | 6,660,000 | 87.6% | 47% | 40% | 4,194 |
Hong Kong (details) | 710,000 | 10.1% | 5% | 5% | 51,946 |
Hungary (details) | 8,260,000 | 82.7% | 11.6% | 70.1% | 21,570 |
Iceland (details) | 300,000 | 95.0% | 2.5% | 92.5% | 37,533 |
India (details) | 31,850,000 | 2.6% | 2.6% | 3,876 | |
Indonesia[4] (details) | 21,160,000 | 8.8% | 4,956 | ||
Iran (details) | 300,000 | 0.4% | 0.4% | 11,395 | |
Iraq (details) | 944,000 | 3.0% | 3% | 4,246 | |
Ireland (details) | 4,220,000 | 94.1% | 82% | 12% | 42,662 |
Israel (details) | 266,000 | 3.5% | 3.5% | 28,809 | |
Italy (details) | 53,230,000[33] | 87.8% | 87.8% | 32,512 | |
Jamaica (details) | 1,784,000 | 65.3% | 2% | 63.3% | 7,083 |
Japan (details) | 3,548,000 | 2.0% | 1% | 1% | 35,204 |
Jordan (details) | 388,000 | 6.0% | 6,148 | ||
Kazakhstan (details) | 8,152,000 | 51.0% | 0.16 | 50% | 13,892 |
Kenya (details) | 34,774,000 | 85.1% | 23.4% | 61.7% | 1,761 |
Korea, North (details) | 480,000 | 4.0% | |||
Korea, South (details) | 14,601,297 | 29.2% | 10.9% | 18.3% | 30,722 |
Kuwait (details) | 458,000 | 15.0% | 3.2% | 12.8% | 49,001 |
Kyrgyzstan (details) | 944,000 | 17.0% | 17% | 2,409 | |
Laos (details) | 145,000 | 2.2% | 1% | 1% | 2,926 |
Latvia (details) | 1,280,000 | 57.2% | 25% | 32.2% | 21,005 |
Lebanon (details) | 1,647,000 | 39.0% | 25% | 14% | 14,610 |
Lesotho (details) | 1,876,000 | 90.0% | 45% | 45% | 1,963 |
Liberia (details) | 1,391,000 | 85.5%[34] | 85.5% | 655 | |
Libya (details) | 131,000 | 2.0% | 0.5% | 1.5% | 17,665 |
Liechtenstein (details) | 32,000 | 87.8% | 76% | 11.8% | |
Lithuania (details) | 2,827,000 | 84.9% | 77.2% | 7.6% | 23,487 |
Luxembourg (details) | 437,000 | 87.0% | 87% | 88,318 | |
Macedonia, Republic of (details) | 1,334,000 | 65.1% | 11,710 | ||
Madagascar (details) | 8,260,000 | 41.0% | 978 | ||
Malawi (details) | 12,538,000 | 79.9% | 902 | ||
Malaysia (details) | 3,576,000 | 12.1% | 17,143 | ||
Maldives (details) | 300 | 0.08% | 9,072 | ||
Mali (details) | 726,000 | 5.0% | 1,214 | ||
Malta (details) | 408,000 | 98.0% | 29,013 | ||
Mauritania (details) | 5,000 | 0.14% | 2,603 | ||
Mauritius (details) | 418,000 | 32.2% | 15,649 | ||
Mexico (details) | 107,780,000 | 92% | 82.7% | 9.7% | 16,676 |
Micronesia, Federated States of (details) | 106,000 | 95.4% | 3,824 | ||
Moldova (details) | 3,503,000 | 98.3% | 93% | 3,424 | |
Monaco (details) | 29,000 | 87.7% | |||
Mongolia (details) | 58,000 | 2.1% | 5,462 | ||
Montenegro (details) | 500,000 | 78.8% | 3.4% | 72.07% | 14,206 |
Morocco (details) | 651,000 | 2.1% | 0.1% | 2% | 5,193 |
Mozambique (details) | 13,120,717 | 56.1% | 28.4% | 27.7% | 1,024 |
Myanmar (details) | 3,790,000 | 7.9% | 1% | 6.9% | |
Namibia (details) | 1,991,000 | 90.0% | 13.7% | 76.3% | 7,488 |
Nepal (details) | 269,000 | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.8% | 1,484 |
Netherlands (details) | 6,600,000 | 39.4% | 24.6% | 14.8% | 42,938 |
New Zealand (details) | 2,475,000 | 55.6% | 28.7% | 24.9% | 31,499 |
Nicaragua (details) | 5,217,000 | 89.6% | 58.8% | 30.8% | 4,072 |
Niger (details) | 795,000 | 5.0% | 5% | 665 | |
Nigeria (details) | 80,510,000 | 50.8% | 37.8% | 20% | 2,661 |
Norway (details) | 4,115,675 | 83.6% | 1.6% | 82% | 62,767 |
Oman (details) | 73,000 | 2.5% | 2.1% | 0.4% | 27,015 |
Pakistan (details) | 5,327,000 | 1.6% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 2,891 |
Palau (details) | 16,000 | 77.9% | 65% | 12.9% | 19,031 |
Panama (details) | 3,057,000 | 92.0% | 80% | 12% | 16,615 |
Papua New Guinea (details) | 6,800,000 | 99.2% | 27% | 70% | 2,898 |
Paraguay (details) | 6,260,000 | 96.9% | 89% | 7.9% | 6,138 |
Peru (details) | 27,635,000 | 93.8% | 93.8% | 10,940 | |
Philippines (details) | 86,790,000 | 93.1% | 80.9% | 13% | 4,413 |
Pitcairn Islands (details) | 50 | 100.0% | 100% | ||
Poland (details) | 36,526,000 | 95.7% | 86.7% | 8% | 21,903 |
Portugal (details) | 10,110,000[35] | 94.7% | 81% | 14.7% | 25,305 |
Puerto Rico (details) | 3,878,000 | 97.0% | 50% | 47% | |
Qatar (details) | 262,675 | 13.8% | 86,507 | ||
Romania (details) | 18,583,765 | 92.36% | 5.08% | 87.28% | 16,518 |
Russia (details) | 66,000,000-105,775,000[36][37] | 46.6%[38]-76%[39][40][41][42] | <0.1% | 46.6%-76% | 23,549 |
Rwanda (details) | 9,619,000 | 93.6% | 56.9 | 26 | 1,354 |
San Marino (details) | 31,000 | 97.0% | 97% | ||
Saudi Arabia (details) | 1,493,000 | 5.5% | 3.5% | 2% | 24,571 |
Senegal (details) | 900,000 | 7.0% | 4.2% | 3% | 1,944 |
Serbia (details) | 9,138,000 | 93.5% | 4.97% | 79.4% | 11,544 |
Seychelles (details) | 80,000 | 94.7% | 82% | 15.2% | 27,008 |
Sierra Leone (details) | 1,751,000 | 30.0% | 3% | 27% | 1,359 |
Singapore (details) | 900,000 | 18.0%[1] | 5.7% | 12% | 61,803 |
Slovakia (details) | 3,850,200 | 71.3% | 61.6% | 9.7% | 24,896 |
Slovenia (details) | 1,610,000 | 79.8% | 57% | 22.8% | 26,801 |
Somalia (details) | 1,000[43] | 0.0102% | 0.0002% | 0.0100% | |
South Africa (details) | 40,243,000 | 81.7% | 5% | 75% | 11,440 |
South Sudan (details) | 6,010,000[44] | 60.5%[45] | 30% | 30% | |
Spain (details) | 38,568,000 | 70.9% | 70.9% | 32,129 | |
Sri Lanka (details) | 1,531,000 | 7.5% | 6.1% | 1.4% | 6,247 |
Sudan (details) | 3,062,000 | 9.6% | 9.6% | ||
Suriname (details) | 308,000 | 50.3% | 8,858 | ||
Swaziland (details) | 994,000 | 82.7% | 25% | 57.7% | 5,246 |
Sweden (details) | 7,148,000 | 69.5% | 2% | 67.5% | 42,217 |
Switzerland (details) | 6,172,000 | 71.8% | 38.8% | 33% | 5,246 |
Syria (details) | 2,251,000 | 10.0% | 10% | 5,436 | |
Tajikistan (details) | 99,000 | 1.4% | 0.1% | 1.3% | 2,247 |
Tanzania (details) | 27,118,000 | 62.0% | 1,601 | ||
Thailand (details) | 471,000 | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 9,815 |
Togo (details) | 1,966,000 | 29.0% | 1,051 | ||
Tonga (details) | 84,000 | 81.0% | 16% | 65% | 5,026 |
Trinidad and Tobago (details) | 774,000 | 57.6% | 21.5% | 33.4% | 26,647 |
Tunisia (details) | 24,000 | 0.2% | 0.2% | 9,795 | |
Turkey (details) | 120,000[46] | 0.09% | 0.09% | 17,651 | |
Turkmenistan (details) | 466,000 | 9.0% | 9% | 10,583 | |
Uganda (details) | 29,943,000 | 88.6% | 41.9% | 46.7% | 1,352 |
Ukraine (details) | 41,973,000 | 33.5% | 5.9% | 27.6% | 7,418 |
United Arab Emirates (details) | 424,000 | 9.0% | 7% | 2% | 42,384 |
United Kingdom (details)[47] | 33,200,417 | 59.3% | 8.9% | 50% | 35,819 |
United States (details) | 246,780,000 | 73% | 22% | 51% | 49,965 |
Uruguay (details) | 2,127,000 | 58.4% | 47% | 11% | 16,037 |
Uzbekistan (details) | 1,390,000 | 5.0% | 5% | 3,591 | |
Vatican City (details) | 836 | 100.0% | 100% | ||
Venezuela (details) | 28,340,000 | 98.0% | 92% | 8% | 13,475 |
Vietnam (details) | 6,868,000 | 8.0% | 7% | 1% | 3,635 |
Western Sahara (details) | 200 | 0.039% | 0.039% | ||
Yemen (details) | 3,000 | 0.013% | 0.013% | 2,489 | |
Zambia (details) | 12,939,000 | 97.6% | 25% | 72% | 1712 |
Zimbabwe (details) | 10,747,000 | 85.0% | 7% | 77% | 559 |
Total[4] | 2,184,004,733 | 31.5% | 18% | 14% | - |
Unrecognised states
Note: Includes non-United Nations member states not recognized by any state, non-UN member states recognized only by non-UN members and non-UN member states recognized by at least one UN member.
Country | Christians | % Christian |
---|---|---|
Abkhazia (details) | 130,000 | 68.0% |
Kosovo (details) | 150,000 | 8.3% |
Nagorno-Karabakh (details) | 136,000 | 96.0% |
Palestine (details) | 173,000 | 11.1% |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (details) | 200 | 0.03% |
South Ossetia (details) | 69,000 | 96.4% |
Republic of China (details) | 902,000 | 3.9% |
Transnistria (details) | 510,000 | 95.0% |
Top ten
On the left: A list of the top ten countries by largest number of Christians. On the right: a list of the top ten countries by highest percentage of the population that is Christian.
Rank | Country | Christians | % Christian | Country | % Christian | Christians |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European Union | 373,656,000 | 74.2% | ||||
1 | United States | 246,780,000 | 79.5% | Vatican City | 100.0% | 2,800 |
2 | Brazil | 175,700,000 | 91.4% | Pitcairn Islands | 100.0% | 50 |
3 | Mexico | 107,095,000 | 97.5% | Greece | 99.7% | 11,295,178 |
4 | Russia | 105,775,000 | 73.6% | Ecuador | 99.0% | 14,099,000 |
5 | Philippines | 90,530,000 | 92.4% | Armenia | 98.7% | 3,196,000 |
6 | Nigeria | 80,281,000 | 50.8% | Equatorial Guinea | 98.6% | 683,000 |
7 | Congo, Democratic Republic of | 68,558,000 | 95.6% | East Timor | 98.4% | 1,152,000 |
8 | China, People's Republic of | 67,070,000[32] | 5% | Moldova | 98.3% | 3,503,000 |
9 | Ethiopia | 54,978,000 | 64.5% | American Samoa | 98.3% | 68,000 |
10 | Italy | 54,070,000 | 91.5% | Venezuela | 98.0% | 28,340,000 |
Top ten countries by largest number of Christians
|
Countries by highest percentage of the population that is Christians |
Rank | Country | % Christian | Christians |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Greece | 99.7% | 11,295,178 |
2 | Ecuador | 99.0% | 14,099,000 |
3 | Venezuela | 98.0% | 28,340,000 |
4 | Colombia | 97.6% | 44,502,000 |
5 | Zambia | 97.6% | 12,939,000 |
6 | Romania | 99.5% | 20,930,000 |
7 | Guatemala | 97.5% | 14,018,000 |
8 | Poland | 95.7% | 36,526,000 |
9 | Congo, Democratic Republic of | 95.6% | 68,558,000 |
10 | Mexico | 97.5% | 107,095,000 |
Percent (%) Christians | Number of countries | Population |
---|---|---|
100 | 2 | 850 |
90 - 99 | 50 | 824,568,000 |
80 - 89 | 27 | 227,790,200 |
70 - 79 | 20 | 599,319,000 |
60 - 69 | 11 | 177,608,000 |
50 - 59 | 16 | 132,349,929 |
40 - 49 | 3 | 13,594,000 |
30 - 39 | 6 | 15,497,000 |
20 - 29 | 5 | 23,657,000 |
10 - 19 | 10 | 43,409,000 |
1 - 9 | 34 | 124,755,000 |
- 1 | 13 | 1,823,750 |
In total, 126 countries (including the United States) have a Christian majority, while 71 countries (which includes China) have a Christian minority.
Population growth
See also
- List of Christian denominations by number of members
- Protestantism by country
- Roman Catholicism by country
- Orthodoxy by country
Other religions:
- Jewish population by country
- Islam by country
- Buddhism by country
- Hinduism by country
- Judaism by country
- Sikhism by country
- No Faith by country
General:
References
- ^ "World". CIA world facts.
- ^ "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions". foreignpolicy.com. 2007-03. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "Major Religions Ranked by Size". Adherents.com. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- ^ a b c "Global Christianity" (PDF). Pew Research Center. December 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
- ^ Sailen Debnath, Secularism: Western and Indian, ISBN 9788126913664, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi footnote text here
- ^ Hinnells, The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion, p. 441.
- ^ "Universal Church sees increase in seminarians, reports Pontifical Yearbook". Catholic News Agency. February 20, 2010. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica table of religions, by region; retrieved November 2007
- ^ Largest Christian Population in the world; retrieved April 2009
- ^ "Argentina". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ "Bolivia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ "Costa Rica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ "Denmark". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ "El Salvador". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ "Church and State in Britain: The Church of privilege". Centre for Citizenship. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300, E. Glenn Hinson, p 223
- ^ Georgian Reader, George Hewitt, p. xii
- ^ Ethiopia, the Unknown Land: A Cultural and Historical Guide, by Stuart Munro-Hay, p. 234
- ^ Prayers from the East: Traditions of Eastern Christianity, Richard Marsh, p. 3
- ^ "Iceland". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
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