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PlayStation 3

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"PS3" redirects here. For other uses, see PS3 (disambiguation).
PlayStation 3
PlayStation 3 logo
PlayStation 3 logo
ManufacturerSony Computer Entertainment
TypeVideo game console
GenerationSeventh generation era
LifespanJP November 11 2006
NA HK TW
November 17 2006[1][2]
PAL March 2007[3]
Units sold88,400[4] (as of November 13, 2006)
MediaBD-ROM
DVD-ROM
CD-ROM
SACD
CPU3.2 GHz Cell Broadband Engine with 1 PPE and 7 SPEs
Online servicesPlayStation Network Platform
Best-selling gameRidge Racer 7[4]
Backward
compatibility		PlayStation, PlayStation 2[5]
PredecessorPlayStation 2

The PlayStation 3 (Japanese: プレイステーション 3,, Pureisutēshon Surī, trademarked PLAYSTATION 3,[6] unofficially abbreviated PS3) is Sony's seventh generation era video game console, third in the PlayStation series. It is the successor to PlayStation and PlayStation 2 and competes against Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii.

The PS3 was released on November 11, 2006 in Japan, and on November 17, 2006 in the United States, Canada, Hong Kong and Taiwan. It will be released in 7th March 2007 in Europe and Australasia. It is available in two initial configurations. Sony officially unveiled the PS3 to the public on May 16, 2005 during an E3 conference. A functional version of the console was not at E3 2005 or the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although at both events, demonstrations were held on devkits (e.g. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) and comparable PC hardware, and video footage based on the predicted PS3 specifications was produced (e.g. Mobile Suit Gundam).[7] It was not until E3 2006 that games were shown on actual PlayStation 3 systems. In preparation for launch, Sony demonstrated 27 playable PS3 titles during the Tokyo Game Show in September 2006 on final hardware.[8]

Overview

System Features
Feature Basic Premium
Upgradeable hard drive Yes, 20 GB Yes, 60 GB
Blu-ray drive Yes Yes
HDMI port Yes[9] Yes
Bluetooth controller Yes Yes
Chrome trim No Yes
Built-in Wi-Fi No Yes
Flash card readers No Yes

System configuration

Sony's retail strategy for the PlayStation 3 involves two configurations detailed in a Sony press release.[10] The "premium" version of the PlayStation 3 comes with an internal 60 GB Serial ATA 2.5" hard drive, Wi-Fi connectivity, and multiple flash memory card readers, and features a brighter cosmetic silver-colored trim.[11]Both consoles now feature a silver-colored logo, to add to the cosmetic appeal of the packages. The second, alternate configuration of the console has a 20 GB internal hard drive, but does not feature Wi-Fi, a memory card reader or chrome trim. The hard drive is upgradeable, and memory card support can be added through adapters,[12] but Wi-Fi support cannot currently be added, nor can the chrome trim.[13]

Release data and pricing

Suggested retail price by region*
Region Expected pricing at release
Basic Premium
Local US$ Local US$
Japan Japan JP¥49,980 [9] $420 JP¥59,980 $508
United Kingdom United Kingdom[14] TBC GB£425† $680
Switzerland Switzerland[15]
 CHF 749 $550 CHF 899 $660
New Zealand New Zealand[16][17] NZ$999† $590 NZ$1199.95† $700
Sweden Sweden[18] TBC 5999 SEK† $650
Canada Canada[1] C$549 $480 C$659 $580
Denmark Denmark[19] 4295 DKK† $720 5495 DKK† $925
Mexico Mexico MXN$7,999 $640 MXN$9,499 $760
Europe Eurozone[20]
(excluding Finland) 		€499 $550 €599 $660
Norway Norway[21] TBC 5000 NOK† $750
Finland Finland[22] €550 $600 €650 $710
Australia Australia[23] A$829 $570 A$999 $680
Hong Kong Hong Kong[24] HKD$3,180 $409 HKD$3,780 $486
United States United States[1] US$499 US$599
Taiwan Taiwan[25] NT$14,980 $451 NT$17,980 $542
* Prices and release dates subject to change.

Approximate US$ conversions provided as reference, and are adjusted for VAT

† Price not confirmed as official suggested retail price

David Wilson, Head of Public Relations at Sony Computer Entertainment UK, stated that both models will likely be sold in the UK market, but both may not be available at launch.[14] Previously, Sony Computer Entertainment UK Marketing Director Ray Maguire had stated that only the 60 GB version would be available at launch.[26] Sony announced on September 6, 2006 that the PAL (European and Australasia) launch has been delayed until March, 2007 due to a shortage of diodes used in the Blu-ray drive.[27] Sony have said that they will take legal action against anyone selling imported consoles to EU consumers.[28]

In Japan, Sony has opted to go with an open pricing scheme for the 60 GB model, allowing retailers to set a price point themselves. Rakuten, one of the biggest Japanese online retailers, has set their price point at ¥71,800, or ¥75,390 with taxes added (about US$675).[29] Sony announced that the HDMI cable will not be included[30], instead Composite video cables will be included.

The high launch price of the PS3 has been subjected to much criticism from analysts[31] and developers[32], especially in Denmark, where the converted price is US$720, the highest price for the unit. Sony executive Phil Harrison has defended the price by citing its Blu-ray support and overall value.[33] The production cost is estimated to be US$805.85 for the 20GB model and US$840.35 for the 60GB model.[34] A drop in Sony's stock price following its fourth-quarter earnings report has been speculated to be in part due to uncertainties about the company's game business; analysts have voiced concerns about the viability of the PlayStation 3.[35]

Marketing

In what could be the first big advertising campaign, the PlayStation 3 was featured in the advertising boards of 16 stadiums across Europe, during the Matchday 1 of the UEFA Champions League 2006-2007 Group Stage, on September 12 2006 and September 13 2006. However, on the other matchdays the advertising has been replaced by a PSP, perhaps as a result of the system's launch delay. Television advertisements also began airing in the United States, carrying the slogan "PLAY B3YOND - l l l 7." The 3 that replaces the E in "BEYOND" (an example of leet) hearkens back to the launch slogan of the PlayStation: "u r not e".

Three rather unorthodox ads have aired for the console, playing up the high anticipation but, for the most part, not showcasing its actual capabilities. One simply featured a baby doll staring at the PS3 and making disturbing gestures and sounds. Another had the PS3, in the same white-walled setting, sitting across from a Rubik's cube which suddenly levitated, solved itself, and exploded into colors on the four walls. The third ad used the same white backdrop and, unlike the other two ads, portrayed the motion sensing controller by showing eggs rolling across the floor. There were also two ads between one and two minutes long, which used the same backdrop as the others, focusing on the capabilities of the Cell microprocessor and the Blu-Ray disc.

Playable gaming kiosks have now been found throughout the world. Many appear in Japan, such as in the Sony building. New York City also hosted a PlayStation 3 launch party with rap artists Ludacris and D-Nice and comedian Charlie Murphy.[36] SCEA also confirms that only the first 400 will be admitted to purchase a PlayStation 3.

Launch

File:Ebay PS3.png
A PlayStation 3 eBay auction

The PlayStation 3 was released in Japan on November 11 2006 at 0700. At Bic Camera's Tokyo flagship store more than 1,000 customers queued up for launch, with staff and police having to keep control.[37][38] Furthermore there were reports that the launch was disorganised with many of the initial consoles being obtained by businessmen who paid mainly Chinese nationals to buy the console without any software[38] for resale on eBay. According to Media Create, 81,639 PS3 systems were sold in the the 24-hours of its introduction in Japan.[39]

Ken Kutaragi has stated that the PlayStation 3 will launch in March 7, 2007 in Europe. eBay UK no longer allows PS3s purchased outside the EU to be imported.

Waiting in line during freezing temperatures in the United States

The PlayStation 3 was released in North America on November 17, 2006. An analyst recently announced to retailers like GameStop that stores would only get between 200,000–250,000 units for the American release, rather than the 400,000 previously suggested.[40] Retailers have responded by placing embargoes on employee pre-ordered purchases, trying to free up as many units as possible to avoid irate pre-order customers angry at not receiving promised goods. The average price for a PlayStation 3 on eBay, the day of the launch, was US$2600 and there was a Buy It now on Ebay for USD 25,000.[41]

Reports of violence surrounding the release of the PS3 include a customer shot,[42] campers robbed at gunpoint,[43] customers shot with BB guns,[44] and 60 campers fighting over 10 systems.[45] One man was sent to the hospital for an injury when a stampede began after a Wal-Mart reportedly placed 10 chairs outside of the store and told 50 people to try to get in one of the chairs for a chance to buy one the 10 systems the store received.[46] In a similar incident elsewhere, police were forced to use pepper balls to contain a rowdy crowd ouside of a Circuit City.[47] Witnesses say that police at one Best Buy declared the crowd an "unlawful gathering" and used batons on those who were being uncooperative.[48] Two gunmen robbed a GameStop store the night before the release, taking several PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles.[49]

Criticism

At launch, many did not believe that the PS3 was worth the price, even though Sony loses $250-$300 on every initial sale according to analysts, or that it lived up to expectations.

This is due to many games that were supposed to be for launch were pushed back or cancelled before the console was released, leaving the PS3 to have a low-quality launch line-up. Many consumers that were waiting in line did not buy any games or just bought them to be sold off to eBay for this very reason.

One of the few disappointing factors about the PS3 is that it cannot upscale games that support 720p to Hi-Def(1080i/p) on first generation HD-TV's but rather downscales them 480p. This is due to faulty firmware. It is believed that the problem is to be fixed as the PS3's bugs are fixed with upcoming firmware updates.

Games

Current event marker This section contains information about video games under development.
It is likely to contain information of a speculative nature, and the content may change as more information becomes available. Information relating these titles to the PlayStation 3 may be found on the individual game pages. 		Game controller
Main article: List of PlayStation 3 games
Launch titles Other major titles
Shooter Action
Racing Role-playing
Fighting Sports


All PlayStation 3 games will be region-free. [50]

Backward compatibility

Sony stated every PlayStation and PlayStation 2 game that observes its respective system's TRC (Technical Requirements Checklist) will be playable on PS3 at launch. SCE president Ken Kutaragi asked developers to adhere to the TRC to facilitate compatibility with future PlayStations, stating that the company was having some difficulty getting backward compatibility with games that had not followed the TRCs. It has been confirmed (image) that initial PS3 units will include the CPU/rasterizer combination chip used in slim PS2 (EE+GS) to achieve backward compatibility.[51] PlayStation and PlayStation 2 software will still be limited by region-locking and will not be enhanced or upscaled.[citation needed]

The PlayStation 3 does not include interfaces for legacy PlayStation devices, though IGN.com tested a legacy controller using a PS2-to-USB adapter, finding that it is compatible, though most other devices (such as the Guitar Hero controller) may not be compatible.[52] USB devices for PlayStation 2 may be compatible with PlayStation 3. A memory card adapter is available[1] so users can save their PS1/PS2 data[53] on to a virtual memory card in the hard drive. PlayStation 3 can use Memory Sticks to store save data for PlayStation and PlayStation 2 software.[54]

Glitches in the backwards compatibility have been reported by the media and Sony. At least 200 of the 8,000 games from the previous generations of the Playstation are receving problems such as dropped audio,[55] freezes or controller malfunction.[56] Popular games reported to have this glitch include Final Fantasy, Tekken 5, and Gran Turismo. As of 2006-11-16, a firmware upgrade has been posted online by Sony that is intended to address some of these issues.[57]

Game development

The PlayStation 3 is based on open and publicly available application programming interfaces. Despite earlier rumours of programming being difficult,[58] IGN reports that they were told that the dev kit "seemed extremely adaptive and easy to program for".[59] However many developers have noted the difficulty in coding under the PlayStation 3's Cell microprocessor. Sony has selected several technologies and arranged several sublicensing agreements to create an advanced software development kit for developers. In addition, in 2005 Sony purchased SN Systems, a former provider of Microsoft Windows-based development tools for a variety of console platforms; including PlayStation 2, GameCube, PSP and Nintendo DS to create additional GNU development tools.

The open standards are specified by the Khronos Group, and are intended to work with Nvidia's Cg programming language. Scene data are stored with COLLADA v1.4, an open, XML-based file format.[60] Rendering uses PSGL, a modified version of OpenGL ES 1.0 (OpenGL ES 2.0 compliant except for the use of Cg instead of GLSL), with extensions specifically aimed at the PS3.[61] Other specifications include OpenMAX, a collection of fast, cross-platform tools for general "media acceleration," such as matrix calculations, and OpenVG, for hardware-accelerated 2D vector graphics. These specifications have GPL, free for any use, and/or commercial implementations by third parties.

Sublicensed technology includes complete game engines, physics libraries, and special libraries. Engines include Epic's Unreal engine 3.0. Physics libraries include AGEIA's PhysX SDK, NovodeX,[62] and Havok's physics and animation engines.[63] Other tools include Nvidia's Cg 1.5 (a C-like shading language, which HLSL was based upon), SpeedTree RT by Interactive Data Visualization, Inc. (high-quality virtual foliage in real time), and Kynogon's Kynapse 4.0 "large scale A.I.".[64]

Sony has considered using IPv6, the next generation of the Internet Protocol.[65]

System software

Firmware

Similar to the Playstation Portable, Sony has added the ability for firmware updates to be downloaded and used on the Playstation 3. The updates can be installed via System Update, HDD, or a Game that requires a firmware update. The current version of the firmware is 1.10. Firmware 1.10 was made available[2] on November 11 2006. It includes support for the Playstation Network, Atrac, Full Screen Video, Playstation Store, Online User Manual and more. The PS3 reserves 64 MB RAM at all times for XMB functions. [3]

Default interface

File:PS3 XMB2.jpg
PS3's XMB Cross Media Bar Interface
Main article: Cross Media Bar

The PlayStation 3 version of the Cross Media Bar includes 8 categories of options. These include: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, Game, Network and Friends. The PS3 includes the ability to store different user profiles, explore photos, play music and movies from the hard drive, compatibility for a USB Keyboard and Mouse, a full Internet browser and a Friends menu. Also, the Playstation 3 adds the ability to multitask in ways such as listening to music while surfing the web or looking at pictures.[66] The PlayStation 3 cross media bar supports a variety of file formats (audio, image, video), with additional file formats under Linux[citation needed]. In a separate demo Sony presented the "Marketplace" where users can buy and download music.

Sony has also worked with Stanford University to bring the Folding@home project to the PS3.[67] When downloaded, the program will run when the system is idle.

Because we have plans for having Linux on board [the PS3], we also recognize Linux programming activities… Other than game studios tied to official developer licenses, we'd like to see various individuals participate in content creation for the PS3.

— —Izumi Kawanishi on the presence of the Linux in the PS3.[68]

Linux

Originally Sony stated that they were going to pre-install Linux on the PS3's hard drive, but current units shipping do not include Linux preinstalled. Instead, Sony has made an option in the XMB menu to install other operating systems. Installation of an operating system is achieved by going to Settings > System Settings > Install Other OS. When installation is complete, the startup operating system can be changed.[69] Sony has set up a web page which will list compatible operating systems.[4]

On October 17 2006, a month before the console release, Terrasoft announced a version of Yellow Dog Linux for PlayStation 3.[70] Terrasoft will be using the PS3 for their own supercomputing clusters as well. Yellow Dog Linux 5.0 is already listed in Terrasoft's store, for US$50 including a printed manual and DVDs for sources and pre-compiled applications;[71] the applications include recent versions of the Linux kernel, the GNU Compiler Collection, Firefox, and OpenOffice.org.[72] According to Ars Technica, Yellow Dog Linux 5.0 will be made publicly available two weeks after the console's launch. Terrasoft stated the installer "enables absolutely anyone to install without instruction." Yellow Dog Linux 5.0 integrates code from the Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Sony, and Red Hat's Fedora Core 5.

PlayStation Network Platform

Main article: PlayStation Network Platform

In response to Microsoft's successful Xbox Live network, Sony announced a unified online service for the Playstation 3's console at the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo; tentatively titled "PlayStation Network Platform".[73] Sony has confirmed that the service will be always connected,[74] free and include multiplayer support. However, developers are permitted to charge a subscription fee, as is common with MMO games.

On September 12 2006, it was believed to be confirmed that the PNP would be combined with a modified version of the Xfire client to provide various match-making facilities, such as Friends Lists, among other features. However, Xfire CEO Mike Cassidy later clarified: "Xfire is not part of the PlayStation Network Platform. We are in discussions with Sony Online Entertainment, but I cannot comment any further."[75]

At the Tokyo Game Show on September 21 2006 it was revealed that users will be able to download some of the thousands of PlayStation 1 and PlayStation 2 titles from the PlayStation Network Platform for a fee, starting with those with the smallest game data.[citation needed] The reason to allow this kind of functionality is that Sony wants to allow the users to choose the games of their preference. Ken Kutaragi also announced functionality with other consoles, similar to Nintendo's upcoming Virtual Console, including confirmed Sega Genesis and Turbo Grafx 16 functionality. However, Sega has replied that Sony has been too hasty with calling it a fact. Sega is currently reviewing the possibilities, but have not yet made a decision on it.[5]

PlayStation Portable connectivity

The PlayStation Portable can connect with the PS3 in many ways, including game connectivity, such as Formula One 06 shown at E3 2006 which uses the PSP as a rear-view mirror. Sony also will allow the PS3 to send PlayStation 1 games to the PSP that will be able to be used on the PSP's PlayStation 1 Emulator, which will be released alongside the PS3. [76].

Sony has also demonstrated the PSP playing back video content, including 1080p content from the PS3 hard disk across an Ad-Hoc wireless network, it has also been rumoured it is capable of playing movies on the PSP, from the PS3's Blu-Ray drive. This feature is referred to as Remote Play[77].

Sony asked PlayStation Underground members to rank features they would like concerning PSP interaction with the PS3. Possible features listed include using the device to complete side missions for PS3 games, transferring media wirelessly from the PS3 to the PSP, using the PSP as an additional weapon/utility while playing PS3 games, and recording PS3 gameplay video to the PSP.

Hardware summary

Main articles: Cell microprocessor, RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', XDR DRAM, and Blu-ray Disc
Silver PS3s at E3 2006 (console will initially be available only in black)

Unless otherwise noted, the following specifications are based on a press release by Sony at the 2005 E3 Conference,[78] and slides from a Sony presentation at the 2006 Game Developer's Conference.[79]

The PS3's 3.2 GHz Cell processor, developed jointly by Sony, Toshiba and IBM ("STI"), is an implementation to dynamically assign physical processor cores to do different types of work independently. It has a PowerPC-based "Power Processing Element" (PPE) and six accessible 3.2 GHz Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs), a seventh runs in a special mode and is dedicated to OS security, and an eighth disabled to improve production yields. The PPE, SPE's and other elements ("units") are connected via an Element Interconnect Bus which serves to connect all of the units in a ring-style bus. The PPE has a 512 KiB level 2 cache and one VMX vector unit. Each of the SPEs is a RISC processor with 128 128-bit SIMD GPRs and superscalar functions. Each SPE contains 256 KiB of non-cached memory (local storage, "LS") that is shared by program code and work data. SPEs may access more data in the main memory using DMA. The floating point performance of the whole system (CPU + GPU) is reported to be 2.18 TFLOPS[78]. PlayStation 3's Cell CPU achieves 204 GFLOPS single precision float and 15 GFLOPS double precision. The PS3 will ship with 256 MiB of Rambus XDR DRAM, clocked at CPU die speed.

The Cell microprocessor allows programmers to assign SPE's different work by running individual programs on them. Programmers may also arrange data flow in different ways, for example using parallel, pipelined or streamed processing data flow models. As an example for parallel processing performance gains, one core could work on decoding and multiplexing audio, another core may perform computations on realistic projectiles ballistics, while another might govern the activities of the main character. The programmer still has three more cores not yet assigned but the only remaining tasks are to collect the work performed and display the results on the screen. Since the program code on each SPE core is executed from its local store memory, much more Element Interconnect Bus bandwidth is available to transfers of work data. An obvious downside to this is that there is a 256 KiB size restriction on SPE programs, which may present a challenge for certain programming tasks.

The Graphic processing unit is based on NVIDIA G70 (previously known as NV47) architecture, which focuses on maximizing per-pixel computation in favor of raw pixel output. The GPU will make use of 256 MiB GDDR3 VRAM clocked at 700 MHz. The GPU has access to the XDR main memory as well.

The PS3 supports standard and HDTV resolutions (up to 1080p60) and connectivity options (such as HDMI 1.3 [citation needed] and component video)[80]. In terms of audio, the PS3 will support a number of formats, including 7.1 digital audio, Dolby TrueHD, and others. For the optical drive, a wide variety of DVD and CD formats are supported, as well as Blu-ray Disc. A 20 GB / 60 GB 2.5" SATA150 hard disk is pre-installed and coupled with Linux. In the 60 GB configuration, flash memory can also be used — either Memory Stick, CompactFlash, or SD/MMC. For communication, the PS3 will have one gigabit ethernet port, four USB 2.0 ports, and will support Bluetooth 2.0 EDR.

The console uses heat pipes and Sony claims the system will be as quiet as a slim PS2. Physically, the PlayStation 3 is approximately 5 kg (11 lb), 9.8 cm × 32.5 cm × 27.4 cm (3.9 in. × 12.8 in. × 10.8 in.). The power supply will be built into the console and a standard 3-pin IEC connector is present at the base of the console. The current Japanese console is marked as 100v externally, but internally as Universal 100V-240V and works within Europe and also Worldwide.

Accessories

Main article: PlayStation 3 accessories
The PlayStation 3 Wireless Controller (SIXAXIS)

The PS3 SIXAXIS[81] is a controller that is nearly identical to that of the predecessor's DualShock. The SIXAXIS features finer analogue sensitivity,[82] more trigger-like R2 and L2 buttons, a PS button, and a USB mini-B port for charging the internal battery and use for wired play. There are four numbered LED indicators as well, to identify and distinguish multiple wireless controllers. The PlayStation 3 supports up to 7 simultaneous controllers over Bluetooth.[83] The SIXAXIS is named for its ability to detect motion in the full six degrees. Similar to a light version of Nintendo's motion-sensing Wii Remote. However, unlike the previous DualShock, the new controller has no vibration feature; Sony says this would interfere with the motion sensor. The controller will retail for US$50.

The PlayStation 3 Memory Card Adaptor is a device that allows data to be transferred to and from PlayStation and PlayStation 2 memory cards and to the PlayStation 3's hard disk. The device is a cable that connects to the PS3's USB port on one end, and features a legacy PlayStation 2 memory card port on the other end. The adaptor will be available for purchase simultaneously with the console's launch, at a price of JP¥1500 (including tax) in Japan, and US$14.99 in the United States.

Using Bluetooth, the PlayStation 3 BD Remote allows users to easily control videos and music on Blu-ray Disc and DVD. In Japan, the device will be available starting December 7, 2006, and will cost JP¥3,800. The device will be available in North America in December for US$24.99.[6] However, the PS3 will accept signals only via its Bluetooth Remote, and not through the standard IR spectrum. The Blu-ray Disc movie Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby will be included with the initial 500,000 release copies of the PS3 in North America.[7]

Official PS3 HDMI cables will retail for $50. No HDMI cable is included with the PS3 system.[30]

References

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Official sites

PlayStation 3 home pages for English language countries

PlayStation 3 auxiliary sites by Sony

Unofficial

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