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Cia-Cia language

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Cia-Cia
Butonese
Bahasa Ciacia
바하사 찌아찌아
An elementary school sign in Indonesian (top) and Korean (bottom)
RegionBaubau, Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi
Native speakers
79,000 (2005)[1]
Hangul (present)
Latin (present)
Gundhul (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3cia
Glottologciac1237
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Cia-Cia (Bahasa Ciacia), also known as Buton(ese), is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the city of Baubau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.

In 2009, the language gained international media attention as the city of Baubau was teaching children to read and write Cia-Cia in Hangul, the Korean alphabet, and the mayor consulted the Indonesian government on the possibility of making the writing system official.[2] However, the project encountered difficulties between the city of Baubau, the Hunminjeongeum Society, and the Seoul Metropolitan Government in 2011,[3] and was abandoned in 2012.[4] As of 2017 it remains in use in schools and on local signs.[5]

Demographics

As of 2005 there were 80,000 speakers.[1] Speakers also use Wolio, which is closely related to Cia-Cia, as well as Indonesian, the national language of Indonesia. Wolio is falling into disuse as a written language among the Cia-Cia, as it is written using the Arabic script and Indonesian is now taught in schools with the Latin script.[6]

Geographic distribution

A student is writing on a whiteboard

Cia-Cia is spoken in Southeast Sulawesi, south Buton Island, Binongko Island, and Batu Atas Island.[1]

According to legend, Cia-Cia speakers on Binonko descend from Butonese troops sent by a Butonese Sultan.[7]

Name

The name of the language comes from the negator cia "no". It is also known as Buton(ese), Butung, and in Dutch Boetonees, names it shares with Wolio, and as South Buton or Southern Butung.[1]

Dialects

The language situation on the island of Buton is very complicated and not known in great detail.[8]

Dialects include Kaesabu, Sampolawa (Mambulu-Laporo), Wabula (with its subvarieties), and Masiri.[9] The Masiri dialect shows the greatest amount of vocabulary in common with the standard dialect.[1] Konisi & Hidayat discuss two dialects, Pesisir and Pedalaman; Pedalaman has gh in native words where Pesisir has r, but has r in loan words.

Orthography

Cia-Cia was once written in a Jawi-like script, called Gundhul, based on Arabic with five additional consonant letters but no signs for vowels.

The Cia-Cia Latin alphabet[10]
Consonants g k n d dh t r~gh l m b v~w bh p s ’ ng j c h
IPA /ɡ/ /k/ /n/ /ɗ/ /d/ /t/ /r ~ ʁ/ /l/ /m/ /ɓ/ /β/ /b/ /p/ /s/ /ʔ/ /ŋ/ /dʒ/ /tʃ/ /h/
Vowels a e o u i
IPA /a/ /e/ /o/ /u/ /i/

In 2009, residents of the city of Baubau attempted to adopt Hangul, the script for the Korean language, as their script for writing Cia-Cia.[11]

The Cia-Cia Hangul alphabet
Consonants g k n d dh t r l m b v bh p s ’ ng j c h
Hangul ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㅌ ㄸ ㄹ ᄙ* ㅁ ㅂ ㅸ ㅍ ㅃ ㅅ ㅇ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅎ
Vowels a e o u i (null)
Hangul ㅏ ㅔ ㅗ ㅜ ㅣ ㅡ

* ᄙ is not a separate letter. The middle /r/ and /l/ are distinguished by writing a single letter ㄹ for /r/ and double for /l/. Double ㄹ letters must be written in two syllables. The final /l/ is written with a single letter ㄹ; for the final consonant /r/, the null vowel ㅡ is added. Null consonant and vowel letters (으) are also used for the initial /l/.

An example of the proposed Hangul script and followed by Latin and IPA alphabet:[12]

아디 세링 빨리 노논또 뗄레ᄫᅵ시. 아마노 노뽀옴바에 이아 나누몬또 뗄레ᄫᅵ시 꼴리에 노몰렝오.
Adi sering pali nononto televisi. Amano nopo'ombae ia nanumonto televisi kolie nomolengo.
aɗi seriŋ pali nononto teleβisi amano nopoʔomɓa.e i.a nanumonto teleβisi koli.e nomoleŋo

Words

The numerals 1–10 are:

Numerals 1–10[13]
English one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
Romanization dise, ise rua, ghua tolu pa'a lima no'o picu walu, oalu siua ompulu
Hangul 디세, 이세 루아 똘루 빠아 을리마 노오 삐쭈 ᄫᅡᆯ루, 오알루 시우아 옴뿔루

Verbs

  • 부리 buri "write"
  • 뽀가우 pogau "chat"
  • 바짜안 baca'an "read"

Nouns

  • 까아나 ka'ana "home"
  • 시골라 sigola "school"
  • 사요르 sayor "vegetable"
  • 보꾸 boku "book"

Common phrases

  • 따리마 까시. Tarima kasi. "Thanks."
  • 인다우 미아노 찌아찌아. Indau miano Cia-Cia. "I am a Cia-Cia."
  • 인다우 뻬엘루 이소오. Indau pe'elu iso'o. "I love you."
  • 모아뿌 이사우. Moapu isau. "Excuse me."
  • 움베. Umbe. "Yes."
  • 찌아. Cia. "No."

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e Cia-Cia at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Lee Tae-hoon, "Hangeul didn’t become Cia Cia’s official writing", Korea Times, 2010-10-06.
  3. ^ "Adoption of Hangeul by Indonesian Tribe Hits Snag". The Chosun Ilbo. 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  4. ^ Yi, Whan-woo (8 October 2012). "Sejong Institute withdrawal to leave Cia-Cia out in cold". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  5. ^ "Wow... Ada Kampung Korea di Sulawesi Tenggara!". KOMPASTV.
  6. ^ Butonese - Introduction
  7. ^ Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 131.
  8. ^ Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 130.
  9. ^ Donohue, Mark. 1999. "A grammar of Tukang Besi". p. 6.
  10. ^ slideshow
  11. ^ Agence France-Presse, "Southeast Sulawesi Tribe Using Korean Alphabet to Preserve Native Tongue Archived 10 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine", Jakarta Globe, 2009 August 06
  12. ^ Template:Ko icon 印尼 소수민족, '한글' 공식 문자로 채택
  13. ^ Numbers in Austronesian languages

Sources

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