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List of equipment of the Syrian Army

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List of modern equipment of the Syrian Arab Army.[1] The vast majority of Syrian military equipment was Soviet manufactured but the organization and military doctrine of the armed forces followed a mix of French and Western influences as the Soviet Union closely guarded its operational principles and never shared them with client states.[2] The accuracy of the data is difficult to assess due to the ongoing Syrian Civil War, as weapons and vehicles are acquired and lost during battles.

Small arms

Pistols

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Makarov PM Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov  Soviet Union 8-round magazine. Main service pistol of the Syrian Army.
PB Besshumnyy Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov 8-round magazine.
Tokarev TT-33 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev 8-round magazine.
Browning Hi-Power Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  Belgium 13-round magazine. It is the main police service pistol.

Carbines

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AKS-74U Carbine 5.45×39mm M74  Soviet Union 30-round magazine, limited usage.[3]
9A-91 Carbine 9×39mm  Russia 20-round magazine. Limited usage by the Syrian Army. Seen during the Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013) in Qaboun.
AK-104 Carbine 7.62×39mm M43 30-round magazine. With the arrival of Russian military advisers in late 2015, some Syrian Army units were equipped with AK-104s attached with telescopic sights.It largely used by Syrian Police[4]

Assault rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AK-47 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43/M67  Soviet Union 30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.
AKM / AKMS Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 File:Akm rifle fullstock.jpg 30-round magazine, main service rifle.
AK-74M Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 30-round magazine, used by Airborne Special Forces.[5]
Zastava M70 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Yugoslavia 30-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
MPi-KM Assault rifle 7.62x39mm M43  East Germany 30-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
Type 56 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  People's Republic of China File:Norinco type 56.jpg 30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.[6]
Sa vz. 58 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Czechoslovakia 30-round magazine.
AMD 65 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 People's Republic of Hungary 30-round magazine.
StG 44 Assault rifle 7.92×33mm Kurz Nazi Germany Nazi Germany 30-round magazine. Delivered by the CSSR, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union in the 50s. Around 5,000 captured by the opposition forces.

Rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Dragunov SVD Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 10-round magazine, main sniper rifle.
PSL Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR Romania Socialist Republic of Romania 10-round magazine.
Zastava M91 Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 10-round magazine. Used by the Syrian Democratic Forces.
Steyr SSG 69 Sniper rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  Austria 5-round magazine.
Orsis T-5000 Sniper rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  Russia 5-round magazine. In late 2015, Russia supplied the Syrian Army with the Orsis T-5000.[4]
ASVK Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm 10-round detachable box magazine, limited usage.[7]
OSV-96 Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm 5-round magazine.
Sayyad-2 Anti-materiel rifle .50 BMG  Iran Single shot bolt-action. Copy of Austrian HS .50. Limited service with Syrian Army.[4]

Light machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
RPD Light machine gun 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union 100-round drum magazine, former main service LMG.
RPK 40-round magazine or 75-round magazine. Main service LMG of the Syrian Army.

Medium machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
DS-39 Degtyaryov Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 250-round belt. Limited service with Syrian Army, mostly in reserve.
SG-43 Goryunov 200 or 250-round belts. Limited service with Syrian Army, most common variant SGMT is mounted on T-55 tanks.

Heavy machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
DShK 1938 Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union 50-round belt, moderate usage.
KPV 14.5×114mm 40-round belt, moderate usage.
NSV 12.7×108mm 50-round belt, main service HMG of the Syrian Army.
Kord  Russia 50-round belt, limited usage,mostly used by Syrian Police.[7]

General-purpose machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
PKM General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union File:PKM machine gun in storage.jpeg 100-round magazine, main service machine gun of the Syrian Army.
Pecheneg machine gun[unreliable source?]  Russia 100 and 200-round magazine, Limited usage.
Type 67  People's Republic of China Limited usage.
Type 80 100-round magazine, moderate usage.

Grenades

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
F-1 Hand grenade 55mm  Soviet Union 4 meter kill radius, 3.5-4 second fuse.
RGD-5 58mm Propels ~350 fragments, 5 meter kill radius, 3.2-4 second fuse.
RPG-43 Anti-tank grenade 95mm 75mm RHA penetration, hard impact activates impact fuse.
RKG-3 170 mm RHA penetration, impact fuse.

Grenade launchers

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AGS-17 Automatic grenade launcher 30×29mm grenade  Soviet Union Belt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire. Seen in use by the Syrian Republican Guard.
GP-25[5] Grenade launcher 40x53mm grenade Single shot under-barrel grenade launcher.

Mines

Name Type Detonation Origin Photo Notes
PMN mine Anti-personnel mine Pressure  Soviet Union ~240g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine.
PMD series mines Wooden box with a slot and detonator.
TM-35 mine 2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-38 mine Detonates when there is 440 lbs of pressure.
TM-41 mine 3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine 5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TM-46 mine 5.7 kg of TNT.
TM-57 mine 6.3 kg of TNT.
TM-62 series of mines 7.5 kg of TNT.
TM-72 mine Magnetic influence fuse 100 mm RHA penetration, cylindrical metal-cased anti-tank mine.
TM-83 mine Seismic sensors  Russia 9.6 kg of TNT.
TM-89 mine 6.7 kg of TNT.
TMA-3 mine Pressure  Yugoslavia 6.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-4 mine 5.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-5 mine 5.5 kg of TNT.

Anti-tank

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
RPG-2 Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union PG-2 (82 mm)
RPG-7 Rocket-propelled grenade Ammunition: PG-7V (85 mm) PG-7VL (93 mm) PG-7VR (64/105mm) OG-7V (40 mm).
RPG-18 64 mm.
RPG-29 65 mm & 105 mm.
RPG-75  Czechoslovakia
68 mm.
M79 Osa Anti-tank rocket launcher  Yugoslavia 90 mm. Captured from rebel groups.
SPG-9 Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union 73 mm.
B-10 82 mm.
B-11 107 mm.
M40  Iran 106 mm.
SS.11 Anti-tank missile 486  France
HOT 1000  France
 West Germany
3M6 Shmel (AT-1 Snapper) 486  Soviet Union
3M11 Falanga (AT-2 Swatter) 200 In storage.
9K11 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger) 410 Possibly in storage.[1] Used during the Syrian Civil War.
9K111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot) 150[1]
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel) 40[1]
9K115 Metis (AT-7 Saxhorn) N/A
9M117 Bastion (AT-10 Stabber) 800[1]
9M119 Svir (AT-11 Sniper) N/A  Russia
9K115-2 Metis-M (AT-13 Saxhorn-2) N/A Presence confirmed by use of looted 9K115-2 systems by rebels.[8]
9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan) 2500 at least [1]
Saeghe-2s  Iran
Toophan
BGM-71 TOW N/A  United States During the April 2018 East Qalamoun offensive, dozens of TOW missiles and several TOW launchers were seized from rebel groups. They were at an ammunition storage site inside of a cave in the Al-Batra mountain range.[9]

MANPADS

Combined total of 4,000+ launchers.

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
9K32 Strela-2 (SA-7) Man portable air defence system 4,000+[1]  Soviet Union
9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14) Man portable air defence system 100[1]
9K38 Igla-1 (SA-16) Man portable air defence system N/A
9K38 Igla (SA-18) Man portable air defence system N/A[1]  Russia
9K338 Igla-S (SA-24) Man portable air defence system N/A Delivered by Russia.
FN-6 Man portable air defence system N/A  People's Republic of China Captured from rebel groups. FN-6 MANPADS were one of the heavy weaponry the rebels surrendered during their final withdrawal to the Idlib Governorate from the Northern Homs pocket.[10]

Vehicles

Tanks

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
PT-76B Amphibious light tank 100  Soviet Union Most likely in service in the Tartus Governorate. Not seen in use during the Syrian civil war probability out of service.
T-55/MV/AM/AMV Main battle tank <1600[1] Between 1900[11] to 2250[12] Received from Soviet Union, Unknown number destroyed and captured during the Arab–Israeli conflict. Some with upgrades[13] More than 350 claimed destroyed or captured by insurgents since March 2011.
T-62/K/M ~740[1] At least 900 in 2010, more than 180 claimed captured destroyed by rebels. More than 25 T-62M delivered by Russia since 2015.
T-72/M/A/AV / TURMS-T/M1 TURMS-T / B/B obr. 1989 /BM/B3[14] ~1,000[1] (T-72s, in 2020)
20+[4] (T-72B3)		 More than 1500 in 2010, some upgraded by Russia, 122 by Italy, More than 500 claimed destroyed / Captured by Rebels. Jane's.[15] Approximately 300 in 2014. T-72Bs as well as ones with Kontakt-5 were delivered by Russia in 2015-2016.[citation needed]
T-90/A/AM[16] 65+[17]  Russia First observed in the Southern Aleppo offensive on November 29, 2015.[18] Russia supplied T-90 1992 models and T-90As in late 2015. Russia has supplied T-90 tanks to the Tiger Forces and 4th Mechanized Division.[19]

Infantry fighting vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BMP-1 Infantry fighting vehicle 2,450[1]  Soviet Union 200 donated to Iran during the Iran–Iraq War - Around 530 destroyed, damaged and captured by anti-government insurgents since March 2011. Additional vehicles delivered by Russia.[20]
BMP-2 350 Deployed in Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign, 11 lost in the civil war.

Armoured personnel carriers

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BTR-40 Armoured personnel carrier 120  Soviet Union
BTR-50 550
BTR-60PB/PU-12 650 Most were scrapped. Others are used by police and security forces.
BTR-152 300 Mostly used by Law enforcement in Syria, 7 lost in the civil war.
BVP-1 AMB-S Field ambulance 50  Soviet Union
 Czechoslovakia		 Variant of the BMP-1. Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War, 50 lost in the civil war.
BRDM-2 Amphibious Armoured scout car 700  Soviet Union Some armed with 9K11 Malyutka ATGM.
1,200 received from the Soviet Union by 1975. Around 20 lost in the civil war.[21] Also some are used by police forces.
BTR-70 Armoured personnel carrier N/A  Soviet Union
BTR-80/82A 50+ Several BTR-80s were given by Russia in 2013, more BTR-82s delivered in 2015
MT-LB Armoured personnel carrier N/A
BPM-97 Armoured personnel carrier  Russia
OT-64 SKOT Armoured personnel carrier  Czechoslovakia
 Poland		 300 OT-64C ordered from Czechoslovakia in 1976 and delivered between 1977 and 1979, possibly most scrapped.
Otokar Cobra Infantry mobility vehicle 1  Turkey Syrian Army captured an Otokar Cobra from ISIS during the East Aleppo Offensive.[22] Before that, ISIS captured it from the Turkish military during the Battle of al-Bab.
FNSS ACV-15 Armoured personnel carrier 1  Turkey Captured Form The ISIL,after ISIL captured IT From The Turkish army

Military engineering

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BREM-1 / BREM-2[23] Armored recovery vehicle 100  Soviet Union Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War. 4 BREM-1 and 4 BREM-2 lost in the civil war.
IMR-2 Combat engineering vehicle N/A
UR-77 "Meteorit" Mine clearing vehicle / Explosive charge thrower N/A It was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel, the explosive charge was used to destroy trenches and enemy firing positions.[24]

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
KrAZ-6322 6x6 off-road truck ~70  Ukraine bought before the war.
MAZ-7310 8×8 artillery truck 200  Soviet Union Main role is to carry the R-17 Elbrus Scud-B ballistic missile.
Ural-4320 6×6 off-road truck 500 25 Ural-4320-31 armored trucks were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.
Ural-375D 6×6 4.5 ton truck 350 Transport vehicle, another use is being a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL 131 6×6 3.5 ton truck 300 Cargo truck, also can become a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL-135 Artillery truck 84 Main role is to carry the FROG-7 ballistic missile.
ZIL-157 6×6 2.5 ton truck 84
KAMAZ-43114 6×6 side truck 100  Russia 50 were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.
GAZ-66 4×4 off-road truck 200  Soviet Union Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
GAZ-3308 4×4 utility truck 144[25]  Russia Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
Sinotruk Howo 4×4 side truck N/A  People's Republic of China Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
UAZ-469 Military All-terrain vehicle N/A  Soviet Union
Rys LMV Infantry mobility vehicle N/A  Italy
 Russia		 One was in use by the Tiger Forces in the Deir Hafer Plains, Aleppo province.[26]

Artillery

Mortars

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
PM-37 Mortar 200  Soviet Union 82mm mortar.
2B9 Vasilek N/A 82mm mortar.
M1938 200 120mm mortar.
PM-43 700 120mm mortar.
M1943 100 160mm mortar.
M-160 200  Soviet Union 160mm mortar.
M-240 10  Soviet Union 240mm mortar. It was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel against militant groups in East Ghouta.[27]

Field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZIS-3 Anti-tank Gun N/A  Soviet Union 76mm.
D-44 Anti-tank Gun N/A 85mm.
D-48 Anti-tank Gun N/A 85mm.
BS-3 Anti-tank Gun N/A 100mm. Probably decommissioned.
T-12 Anti-tank Gun N/A 100mm.
M-30 Howitzer 150 122mm. 21 additional M-30s were delivered by Russia to Syria in May 2017.
A-19 Howitzer 100 122mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-74 Field Gun 400 122mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-30 Howitzer 600 122mm.
M-46 Field Gun 800 130mm. Mobile version in service.[28]
D-1 Howitzer 20 152mm. Probably decommissioned.
ML-20 Howitzer 50 152mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-20 Howitzer 20 152mm.
Msta-B Howitzer N/A 152mm.
S-23 Howitzer 10 180mm.

Self-propelled field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
T-34/D-30 Self-propelled howitzer 50  Soviet Union
 Syria		 D-30 mounted on T-34. 122mm.
2S1 Gvozdika Self-propelled howitzer 360  Soviet Union 122mm, 38 lost in the civil war.
2S3 Akatsiya 100 152mm, 3 lost in the civil war.
2S9 Nona 18 120mm
2S4 Tyulpan Mortar carrier 24 240mm

Multiple launch rocket systems

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Type 63 / Fajr1 Multiple rocket launcher 100  Iran
 China		 107mm.
BM-21 Grad 300  Soviet Union 122mm, 4 BM-21 and 1 2B5 lost in the civil war.
BM-14 N/A 140mm.
BM-27 Uragan 36 220mm. Spotted in November 2014 during the Syrian Civil War, most likely delivered by Russia, 1 lost in the civil war. Also known as "Ra'ad"[29]
TOS-1 Thermobaric multiple rocket launcher 8 220mm, some TOS-1s were delivered by Russia in late 2015.[4]
BM-24 Multiple rocket launcher N/A 240mm.
BM-30 Smerch Multiple rocket launcher N/A 300mm. Presence confirmed by use of the 9M55K cluster munition used by the system.[30] Syria received several BM-30s in the midst the Syrian Civil War from either Belarus or more likely Russia, which delivered them in early 2014.[31]
Khaibar Multiple rocket launcher 100  China
 Syria		 File:Khaibar.jpg 302mm
Fajr-3 Multiple rocket launcher N/A  Iran 240mm.
Fajr-5 Multiple rocket launcher N/A 333mm.
Falaq-2 Multiple rocket launcher N/A 333mm.
Golan-1000 Multiple rocket launcher 25+  Syria 500mm

Anti-air guns and systems

Towed anti-aircraft artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZPU Anti-aircraft gun 1,500+  Soviet Union 14.5mm single, twin and quad mount. Also mounted on technicals.
ZU-23-2 Anti-aircraft gun 650+ 23 mm, 2 barrels.
M1939 Anti-aircraft gun 300+ 37 mm.
S-60 Anti-aircraft gun 875 57 mm.
52-K/KS-12 Anti-aircraft gun 100+ 85 mm.
KS-19 Anti-aircraft gun 100+ 100 mm.
61-K Anti-aircraft gun N/A 37 mm, 2 barrels.

Towed air defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
S-75 Dvina (SA-2 S-75M Volga Version of the 1995 year) Strategic SAM system 320[32]  Soviet Union
S-125 Neva/Pechora (SA-3 Pechora + Pechora-2M) 148[32] >30 2m[33]
S-200 (SA-5) 2 defense regiment comprising 2 divisions including 2 batteries S-200 (44 launchers) in service as of 2010[34] Command post S-300 can manage in any combination the elements of S-200 and S-300.[35][36][37]

Self-propelled air defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 400[1]  Soviet Union 23 mm, often used in urban areas against rebel forces.
ZSU-57-2 "Sparka" 10[1] Most in storage, some units were reactivated during the Syrian Civil War.[citation needed]
2K12 Kub (SA-6) Self-propelled SAM system 195-200 (As of 2012)[32][38]
9K33 Osa (SA-8) 14-60,[1][39] 14 batteries (60 launchers – autonomous war machines)[citation needed] Two were captured by Liwa al-Islam.
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9) 20[1]
9K37 Buk (SA-11) 20[1]
9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13) 30[1]
9K37M2E Buk-M2E (SA-17) Up to 40  Russia Observed in use at Al-Mezzah.[40]
9M311-1M Tunguska (SA-19) Self-propelled air-defence system 6[41]  Soviet Union
S-300 (S-300 SA-20A / SA-20B Surface-to-air missile system 24 S-300pm2[42]  Russia 49 pieces of equipment were delivered by Russia around October 7, 2018, not confirmed when they will become operational [43]
Pantsir-S1 (SA-22) Self-propelled SAM system 36–50[44]+10 In 2016, +1RL-123E Early detection radar, +command posts.[citation needed]

Ballistic missiles

Tactical ballistic missiles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
FROG-7[45] Tactical ballistic missile ≈18 mobile launchers[46]  Soviet Union Unknown number of missiles.
Scud-B/Hwasong-5[45] Tactical ballistic missile ≈42 mobile launchers[46]  Soviet Union
 North Korea		 ≈200 missiles
OTR-21 Tochka/Hwasong-11[45] Tactical ballistic missile ≈12 mobile launchers[46]  Soviet Union
 North Korea		 ≈100 missiles.[46] Russia allegedly sent 50 additional Tochka missiles in February 2017 to Tartus.[47]
Hwasong-6[45] Tactical ballistic missile ≈160 missiles[46]  North Korea
 Syria
North Korean Scud C Version produced in Syria
Hwasong-9[45] Tactical ballistic missile ≈100 missiles[46]  North Korea
 Syria		 North Korean Scud D Version produced in Syria.
Fateh-110[45] Tactical ballistic missile 900+ missiles[46]  Iran Local designation M-600 or Tashreen.
Zelzal-2[48] Tactical ballistic missile N/A
Zelzal-3 Tactical ballistic missile N/A
Shahab-2 Tactical ballistic missile N/A At least one used in February 2014 as seen in a video uploaded online.

Command posts

Higher level command posts (HLCPs)

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
Senezh-M1E[49] General-purpose self-acting[50] HLCPs N/A[38][51]  Soviet Union Photography on the site developer As an option, with the use of HLCP, management of all types of air defense systems, the Air Force and all kinds of radar air defense forces. Effective radius of 1,600 km for 77 fired targets[52] May receive data order to send target indication for different systems.[53]

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Non-combat unmanned air vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
La-17RM Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Soviet Union Reconnaissance drone. Withdrawn from service.
Tu-143 Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A Reconnaissance drone. Withdrawn from service.
Ababil-3 Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Iran Medium-range reconnaissance/surveillance and short/medium-range attack drone.
Mohajer-4 Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A Reconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2012.
Yasir Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A Reconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2013.

References

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