Wikipedia list article
In
2021 ,
Kamala Harris is the first African-American and Asian-American Vice President of the United States.
The following is a list of African-American United States presidential and vice-presidential nominees and candidates for nomination. Nominees are candidates nominated or otherwise selected by political parties for particular offices. Listed are those African-Americans who achieved ballot access for the national election in at least one state . They may have won the nomination of one of the US political parties (either one of the major parties, or one of the third parties ), or made the ballot as an independent , and in either case must have votes in the election to qualify for this list. Exception is made for candidates whose parties lost ballot status for additional runs.
Not included in the second and third tables are African-Americans who ran campaigns in nominating conventions or primary elections for their party's nomination (or who have not yet completed that process), write-in candidates , potential candidates (suggested by media, objects of draft movements , etc.), or fictional candidates. The fourth table includes African-Americans who ran for their party's presidential nomination but who were not nominated, as well as those who are currently pursuing their party's presidential nomination (when applicable).
There have been two African Americans on a major party ticket in U.S. history: Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama in 2008 and Democratic vice presidential nominee Kamala Harris in 2020 .
Barack Obama was the first African American and first biracial president of the United States, being elected in the 2008 election and re-elected in the 2012 election .
Kamala Harris became the first African American, Asian American, and female vice president of the United States of America, being elected in the 2020 election alongside former Vice President Joe Biden .
U.S. presidential candidates: party nominees
† Denotes winning candidate.
Candidates receiving electoral votes
Candidates receiving popular votes
African-American presidential nominees, showing running mate and popular votes received
Year
Name
Party
Running mate
Popular votes
1904
George Edwin Taylor [ 2]
National Liberty Party
W.C. Payne
Scattering[ 3]
1960
Clennon King
Independent Afro-American Party
Reginald Carter
1,485
1964
Clifton DeBerry
Socialist Workers Party
Ed Shaw
32,706
1968
Eldridge Cleaver
Peace and Freedom Party
Various candidates
36,623 [ 4]
1968
Dick Gregory
Freedom and Peace Party
Various candidates
47,097
1968
Charlene Mitchell
Communist Party
Michael Zagarell
1,076
1976
Margaret Wright
People's Party
Benjamin Spock
49,013
1980
Clifton DeBerry
Socialist Workers Party
Matilde Zimmermann
38,738
1980
Andrew Pulley
Socialist Workers Party
Matilde Zimmermann
6,264 [ 5]
1984
Larry Holmes
Workers World Party
Gloria La Riva
17,985
1984
Dennis L. Serrette
New Alliance Party
Nancy Ross
46,853
1984
Edward Winn
Socialist Equality Party
Helen Halyard
10,801
1988
Lenora Fulani
New Alliance Party
Joyce Dattner
217,219
1988
Larry Holmes
Workers World Party
Gloria La Riva
7,846
1988
James Warren
Socialist Workers Party
Kathleen Mickells
15,602
1988
Edward Winn
Socialist Equality Party
Helen Halyard
18,693
1992
Ronald Daniels
Peace and Freedom Party
Asiba Tupahache
27,949
1992
Lenora Fulani
New Alliance Party
Maria Elizabeth Muñoz
73,714
1992
Helen Halyard
Workers League
Fred Mazelis
3,050
1992
Isabell Masters
Looking Back Party
Walter Masters
327
1992
James Warren
Socialist Workers Party
Various candidates
23,533
1996
James Harris
Socialist Workers Party
Laura Garza
8,476
1996
Monica Moorehead
Workers World Party
Gloria La Riva
29,083
1996
Isabell Masters
Looking Back Party
Shirley Jean Masters
752
2000
James Harris
Socialist Workers Party
Margaret Trowe
7,038
2000
Monica Moorehead
Workers World Party
Gloria La Riva
4,795
2000
Randall A. Venson
Independent
Gene Kelly
547
2004
James Harris [ 6]
Socialist Workers Party
Margaret Trowe
7,102
2004
John Parker
Workers World Party
Teresa Gutierrez
1,646
2008
James Harris [ 6]
Socialist Workers Party
Alyson Kennedy
2,424
2008
Alan Keyes
America's Independent Party
Brian Rohrbough
47,756 [ 7]
2008
Cynthia McKinney
Green Party
Rosa Clemente
150,061
2008 †
Barack Obama
Democratic Party
Joe Biden
69,498,215
2012
Stewart Alexander
Socialist Party
Alejandro Mendoza
4,405 [ 8]
2012
Andre Barnett
Reform Party
Ken Cross
956 [ 8]
2012
James Harris
Socialist Workers Party
Maura DeLuca
4,117 [ 8]
2012
Peta Lindsay
Party for Socialism and Liberation
Yari Osorio
7,791 [ 8]
2012 †
Barack Obama
Democratic Party
Joe Biden
65,915,796 [ 8]
2016
Monica Moorehead
Workers World Party
Lamont Lilly
4,314
2016
Khadijah Jacob-Fambro
Revolutionary Party
Milton Fambro
748
2016
Clifton Roberts [ 9]
Humane Party
Breeze Harper [ 10]
86 [ 11]
2020
President R19 Boddie [ 12] [ 13]
C.U.P.
Eric Stoneham
3,177
2020
Dario Hunter [ 14]
Oregon Progressive Party
Dawn Neptune Adams
5,403
2020
Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro [ 14]
Unaffiliated
Khadijah M. Jacob
497
2020
Ricki Sue King [ 15]
Genealogy Know Your Family History
Dayna R. Chandler
546
2020
Jade Simmons [ 16]
Independent
Claudeliah Roze [ 17]
6,958
2020
Kanye West
Birthday Party
Michelle Tidball
70,294
U.S. vice-presidential candidates: party nominees
† Denotes winning candidate.
Candidates receiving electoral votes
Until the 2020 presidential election , no African-American candidates had received electoral votes for vice president.
Candidates receiving popular votes
African-American vice presidential nominees, showing running mate and popular votes received
Year
Name
Party
Running mate
Popular votes
1872
Frederick Douglass [ 18]
Equal Rights Party
Victoria Woodhull
Unreported
1928
Simon P. Drew
Interracial Independent Party[ 19]
Jacob S. Coxey [ 20] [ 21]
1932
James W. Ford
Communist Party
William Z. Foster
102,991
1936
James W. Ford
Communist Party
Earl Browder
80,195
1940
James W. Ford
Communist Party
Earl Browder
1952
Charlotta Bass
Progressive Party
Vincent Hallinan
140,023
1968
Paul Boutelle
Socialist Workers Party
Fred Halstead
1972
Julius Hobson
People's Party
Benjamin Spock
78,759
1972
Jarvis Tyner
Communist Party
Gus Hall
1976
Willie Mae Reid
Socialist Workers Party
Peter Camejo
90,986
1976
Jarvis Tyner
Communist Party
Gus Hall
1980
Angela Davis
Communist Party
Gus Hall
43,871
1984
Angela Davis
Communist Party
Gus Hall
36,386
1984
Helen Halyard [ 22]
Socialist Equality Party
Edward Winn
10,801
1988
B. Kwaku Duren [ 23]
New Alliance Party
Lenora Fulani
31,180
1988
Helen Halyard
Socialist Equality Party
Edward Winn
18,693
1988
Mamie Moore [ 24]
New Alliance Party
Lenora Fulani
26,487
1988
Florence M. Rice [ 25]
Consumer Party
Eugene McCarthy
25,109
1992
Willie Mae Reid
Socialist Workers Party
James "Mac" Warren
1996
Shirley Jean Masters
Looking Back Party
Isabell Masters
752
2000
Ezola B. Foster
Reform Party
Pat Buchanan
449,225
2004
Arrin Hawkins
Socialist Workers Party
Róger Calero
3,689
2004
Jim Lawrence
Socialist Equality Party
Bill Van Auken
1,857
2008
Stewart Alexander
Socialist Party
Brian Moore
7,315
2008
Eugene Puryear
Party for Socialism and Liberation
Gloria La Riva
7,478
2016
Ajamu Baraka
Green Party
Jill Stein
1,457,044
2016
Osborne Hart
Socialist Workers Party
Alyson Kennedy
11,667
2016
Lamont Lilly
Workers World Party
Monica Moorehead
4,003
2016
Eugene Puryear
Peace and Freedom Party
Gloria La Riva
43,445
2016
Angela Nicole Walker
Socialist Party USA
Mimi Soltysik
2,579
2016
Milton Fambro
Revolutionary Party
Khadijah Jacob-Fambro
748
2016
Breeze Harper [ 10]
Humane Party
Clifton Roberts[ 9]
86[ 11]
2020
Karla Ballard [ 26]
Independent
Brock Pierce
49,700
2020
Dayna R. Chandler [ 15]
Genealogy Know Your Family History
Ricki Sue King
2020
Kamala Harris
Democratic Party
Joe Biden
81,268,867
2020
Khadijah M. Jacob [ 14]
Unaffiliated
Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro
2020
Malcolm Jarrett [ 27]
Socialist Workers Party
Alyson Kennedy
6,791
2020
Cynthia McKinney [ 28]
Green Party of Alaska
Jesse Ventura
3,291
2020
Melissa Nixon [ 17]
Independent
Jade Simmons
181
2020
Raechelle Pope
Independent
Michael Laboch
2020
Claudeliah Roze [ 29]
Independent
Jade Simmons
6,777
2020
Angela Nicole Walker
Green Party and Socialist Party USA
Howie Hawkins
404,021
2020
Adrian Wallace
Independent
Mark Charles
3,040
2020
Kanye West [ 30]
American Independent Party
Rocky De La Fuente
60,160
U.S. president: other candidates for party nomination
Candidates who failed to receive their party's nomination (or who are currently campaigning for their party's nomination). Candidates who won the nomination belong in the above tables only.
African-American candidates who unsuccessfully sought presidential nomination
Year
Name
Party
Details
Nominee
1848
Frederick Douglass
Liberty Party
1 vote at national convention[ 31]
Gerrit Smith
1888
Frederick Douglass
Republican Party
1 vote at national convention
Benjamin Harrison
1968
Channing E. Phillips
Democratic Party
67.5 votes at national convention
Hubert Humphrey
1972
Shirley Chisholm
Democratic Party
152 votes at national convention
George McGovern
1972
Walter Fauntroy
Democratic Party
1 vote at national convention ; 21,217 votes (71.78%) and winner of Washington, D.C. , primary
1976
Barbara Jordan
Democratic Party
1 vote at national convention
Jimmy Carter
1976
Walter Fauntroy
Democratic Party
10,149 votes (30.49%) (2nd place) in Washington, D.C. primary
1984
Jesse Jackson
Democratic Party
466 votes at national convention
Walter Mondale
1988
Jesse Jackson
Democratic Party
1218.5 votes at national convention
Michael Dukakis
1992
Douglas Wilder
Democratic Party
Withdrew before Iowa caucuses
Bill Clinton
1992
Alan Keyes
Republican Party
1 vote at national convention . Keyes was the Republican candidate in the U.S. Senate election in Maryland at the time, and was not actively seeking the presidency in 1992.
George H.W. Bush
1996
Alan Keyes
Republican Party
1 vote at national convention
Bob Dole
1996
Isabell Masters
Republican Party
1052 votes (7th place) in Oklahoma primary[ 32]
2000
Alan Keyes
Republican Party
6 votes at national convention
George W. Bush
2000
Angel Joy Rocker [ 33]
Republican Party
6 votes in Alabama straw poll [ 34]
2004
Carol Moseley Braun
Democratic Party
Withdrew before Iowa caucuses
John Kerry
2004
Al Sharpton
Democratic Party
Earned 26 delegates in 5 primaries and caucuses
2008
Alan Keyes
Republican Party
Keyes withdrew from Republican Party on April 15, 2008, but remained on the Republican ballot in several states.
John McCain
2008
Alan Keyes
Constitution Party
125.7 votes (24.36%) (2nd place) at national convention .
Chuck Baldwin
2012
Herman Cain
Republican Party
Withdrew on December 3, 2011.
Mitt Romney
2016
Willie Wilson
Democratic Party
Announced candidacy on June 1, 2015.
Hillary Clinton
2016
John Fitzgerald Johnson
Democratic Party
Announced candidacy on August 23, 2015.
2016
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry
Green Party
14.5 votes (3rd place) at national convention
Jill Stein
2016
Monica Moorehead
Peace and Freedom Party
1,369 votes (30%) (2nd place) in California primary[ 35]
Gloria La Riva
2016
Ben Carson
Republican Party
Announced candidacy on May 3, 2015. Withdrew on March 4, 2016. Earned 9 delegates.
Donald Trump
2020
Cory Booker
Democratic Party
Withdrew before Iowa caucuses
Joe Biden
2020
Kamala Harris
Democratic Party
Withdrew before Iowa caucuses . Harris later became the 2020 Democratic nominee for vice president.
2020
Wayne Messam
Democratic Party
Withdrew before Iowa caucuses
2020
Deval Patrick
Democratic Party
Announced candidacy on November 14, 2019. Withdrew on February 12, 2020.
2020
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry
Green Party
11.5 votes (3rd place) at national convention
Howie Hawkins
U.S. vice president: other candidates for party nomination
See also
Notes
^ Colin Powell did not run for president in 2016. He received the votes of 3 faithless electors from Washington . Powell, a Republican, had endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election and received his electoral votes from Democratic electors.
^ Wisconsin Labor Advocate, La Crosse, Wis. : Geo. E. Taylor, 1886- Archived September 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ The World Almanac & Encyclopedia . 1908. p. 268. "they received only a few scattering votes of which there is no exact record."
^ Does not include 27,887 votes cast for the party's ticket in California and Utah, where Cleaver's name did not appear on the ballot because he was under 35 years old.
^ Leip, David (2005). "1980 Presidential General Election Results" . Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved January 19, 2009 .
^ a b In 2004 and 2008, Harris served as a stand-in nominee for the Socialist Workers Party in states where the party's main presidential nominee, Róger Calero , was ineligible because he was not a natural-born citizen.
^ Winger, Richard (January 9, 2009). "2008 Presidential Vote (not final)" . Ballot Access News . Retrieved January 19, 2009 .
^ a b c d e Federal Elections 2012 (PDF) . Washington, D.C.: Federal Election Commission. 2013. p. 5.
^ a b Gunzburger, Ron (2016). "2016 Presidential Candidates" . Politics1 . Retrieved March 20, 2017 .
^ a b "Breaking: Humane Party announces Dr. Breeze Harper as Vice Presidential nominee" . The Onion Knight Show . June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 10, 2016 .
^ a b "2016 Presidential Election by State" . The Green Papers . February 5, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2017 .
^ "President R19 Boddie" . Media and American Politics . February 6, 2020.
^ "Candidate Inquiry" . voterportal.sos.la.gov .
^ a b c "2020 General Election Candidate List" . Colorado Secretary of State . Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ a b "Iowa's first Black woman presidential candidate doesn't want your vote" . Bleeding Heartland . August 16, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ "Native Charlestonian Jade Simmons Running For President 2020" . The Charleston Chronicle . July 9, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ a b Melissa Nixon was on the ballot instead of Roze only in Florida.
^ Douglass did not acknowledge the nomination or participate in the campaign.
^ a b Walton, Hanes. Invisible politics: Black political behavior. p.92.
^ Guzman, Jessie Parkhurst. Negro Year Book - An Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro 1931-1932 p.87.
^ "National Affairs: Fifth Party" . Time . June 18, 1928.
^ Edward Bergonzi was an alternate candidate for Helen Halyard in some states, including Ohio.
^ Duren was on the ballot only in California.
^ Moore was on the ballot as an alternate candidate for Joyce Dattner in some states, including Minnesota.
^ Rice was on the ballot in three states, including Michigan.
^ "Entrepreneur, Karla Ballard, Joins Brock Pierce for President as Vice President" . PR Newswire . July 20, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ "Meet the SWP candidates: Alyson Kennedy & Malcolm Jarrett" . The Militant . Vol. 85, no. 5. February 1, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ Green Party of Alaska (September 1, 2020). "Green Party Of Alaska Rejects National Candidate, Nominates Jesse Ventura" (Press release) . Anchorage Press . Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ "Independent Presidential Candidate, Jade Simmons, Announces Her VP Running Mate, Claudeliah J. Roze" . PRLog . September 28, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ Winger, Richard (August 15, 2020). "American Independent Party Nominates Rocky De La Fuente for President and Kanye West for Vice-President" . Ballot Access News . Retrieved October 2, 2020 .
^ "Proceedings of the National Liberty Convention, held at Buffalo, N.Y., June..." 1848. Archived from the original on February 9, 2001. Retrieved January 16, 2010 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved July 9, 2008 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "White House bid wants serious attention" , St. Petersburg Times , March 24, 1999. Retrieved July 8, 2008.
^ "Republican Party" . Archived from the original on February 9, 2001.
^ "President Peace and Freedom - Statewide Results" . Office of the Secretary of State of California . Government of California . June 8, 2016. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012.
^ Wesley, Dr. Charles H. (March 14, 1953). "The Greatest American" . The Afro-American . Retrieved January 17, 2010 .
^ a b Ragsdale, Bruce; Joel D. Treese (1990). Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989 . Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives. p. 8.
^ Sears, p. 389
References
Sears, Thomas James (2001). Rebels, Rubyfruit, and Rhinestones: Queering Space in the Stonewall South . Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2964-6 .
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